高考英语必看之-学法指导与语法易错点归纳 30页

高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳 高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳[一] 二 语法知识易错点 本部分共 85 条，对中国学生在英语语法方面容易产生错误或混淆的地方作 了有针对性的提示，而不是系统地讲解语法知识，这对学生抓住要点重点是有帮 助的。 1. 名词变复数的特殊形式 child---children, foot---feet, man---men, mouse---mice, stomach---stomachs, tooth---teeth, woman---women, sheep---sheep, deer---deer, Chinese---Chinese, a man doctor---men doctors, a woman doctor---women doctors, looker-on---lookers-on, grown-up---grown-ups 误：There are many woman teachers in my school. 正：There are many women teachers in my school. 2. 常考不可数名词 advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress 误：What a fine weather it is! 正：What fine weather it is! 3. 可数不可数均可，但意思不同 experience 经历（可数）；经验（不可数） room 房间（可数）；空间（不可数） exercise 练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数） 误：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me. 正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me. 4. 只能修饰可数名词的有： few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of… 误：There is a large number of water in the hole. 正：There is a great deal of water in the hole. 5. 只能修饰不可数名词的有： little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of… 误：There are a great deal of people living there. 正：There are a good many people living there. 6. 可数不可数都可修饰的有： a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, 如： There are plenty of trees along the river. There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain. 7. 只有复数形式的名词有： trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings… 误：A pair of trousers are hanging over there. 正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there. 8. 复数形式，单数意思的有： plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics… 误：The news are exciting. 正：The news is exciting. 9. 复合名词的复数形式。 girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups 误：There're many boys students in my class. 正：There're many boy students in my class. 10. 名词做主语，谓语动词用复数 police, cattle, clothes, goods 误：Cattle sells well at that market. 正：Cattle sell well at that market. 11. 几个应该特殊注意的名词。 people (民族，人); village (村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)，youth (年轻人， 青年男子，青春) 误：The Chinese are peace-loving people. 正：The Chinese are a peace-loving people. 12. 名词所有格 1) 形式 's, of Tom's living room, teachers' office, teachers' room, a friend of mine, John and Mary' school, John's and Mary's schools 2) 's 适用范围 有生命的物体、时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等 误：This is the mountain's picture. 正：This is a picture of the mountain. 误：John and Mary's schools are beautiful. 正：John's and Mary's schools are beautiful. 3) 不能被's 所替换的所有格形式： the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor… 13. 必须加 the 的有以下几种情况。 1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）物； I have a pen. The pen is lost. 2) 谈话双方所共知的共指的物体； Look at the blackboard. 3) 序数词，形容词最高级前； She is the best student in my class. 4) 世界上独一无二的物体； The earth moves around the sun. 5) 表方位的名词前； The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 6) 形容词前表一类人； The rich are not always happy. 7) 乐器 He is playing the piano now. 8) 山脉、河流、海洋、群岛； China is on the east of the Pacific Ocean. 9) same, only, very 前； It's the very book I'm looking for. 10) by the +计量单位；by the dozen, by the day, by the pound The workers are paid by the hour. 误：Birds fly to south in winter. 正：Birds fly to the south in winter. Birds fly south in winter. 14. 不用冠词的情况有以下几种。 1) 表泛指的名词前；如：Do you like music? 2) 三餐前；如：have breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner… 3) 棋类、球类运动前； Almost all the boys in my class love playing football. 4) 表官衔、职位的名词前； He was made monitor of the class. 5) Child as he is 中的 child 名词前。 Student as he is, he never obeys the teacher. 高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳[二] 一 关于英语总复习的几点建议 （一）学会自主学习 所谓自主学习，就是学生具有学好英语的欲望，在老师的指导下能自己确定 目标，自己安排进程，自己设计活动，自己寻找材料，自己监督自己，自己总结 经验。课上课下听老师的话是对的，但要有主动性，作学习的主人。 二 语法知识易错点 1. it, that, one, the one, the ones, those My pen was lost. I cannot find it. （同一物体） My pen was lost. I have to buy a new one. （同类不同一） The population of Shanghai is much larger than that of Tianjin. （不可数名词） This pen is not the one I lost yesterday. （特指） The pens are not the ones I lost yesterday. The pens are not those I lost yesterday. 误句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than the one in Shanghai. 正句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai. 2. each, either, both, neither, every, all Trees are planted on either/each side of the street. Trees are planted on both sides of the street. Trees are planted on every/each side of the square. Trees are planted on neither side of the street. Trees are planted on all sides of the square. 误句：You can tie the horse to every of the two trees. 正句：You can tie the horse to either of the two trees. 3. any, either I have three books and you can choose any one. I have two books and you can choose either one. 误句：---When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday? ---Any day is OK with me. 正句：---When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday? ---Either day is OK with me. 3. another, the other, the others, others Another student came in. I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor. Suppose there are 50 students. Some students (20) are playing football on the playground. Others (20) are doing their homework in the classroom. The other students (30) are playing football on the playground. The others (30) are playing football on the playground. 4. none, nothing, nobody, neither 1) ---How many students are there in the classroom? ---None. 2) ---How much money do you have?---None. 3) ---Is there anybody in the classroom? ---Nobody. 4) ---Is there anything in the room?---Nothing. 5) ---Would you please lend me some ink? ---Sorry, but I have none left myself. 6) I want neither of the two books.I want none of the three books. 误句：---What do you want? ---None. 正句： 1) ---What do you want? ---Nothing. 2) ---Of the three things, which do you want?---None. 5. 反身代词应注意以下几点。 1) I myself think… 2) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧 3) Make yourself at home!别客气 4) Don't upset yourself.别自寻烦恼 5) make oneself heard/ understood I couldn't make myself heard above the noise.声音被淹没了。 6) between ourselves, do you think 私下里说 7) In itself, his illness is nothing to worry about.就疾病本身而言，没什么可担 心的。 8) He is not quite himself today.他感到不舒服 9) by oneself = alone, without help 单干、无人帮忙 10) for oneself 为…… You have the right to decide for yourself. 11) of oneself 自动地 The light went out of itself. 6. 代词的其他注意事项： 1) this, that My plan is like this: first…second…third… He was ill. That's why he didn't come. 2) much, many 3) some, any 4) it 可以指代分不清性别的小孩 Is it a boy or a girl? 5) she, he 也可以用于月亮、太阳、轮船或动物拟人化。 China is our motherland and she is the most beautiful country in the world in my opinion. 6) you, he and I, you and I, ladies and gentlemen 7. 数词 1) 大于某数 more than 20 years, over thirty, above twenty degrees 2) 小于 less than ten days, fewer than 50 people, children under 7 3) 至少 at least 10 dollars, no less than 100 people 4) 大约 about three days, around 2 o'clock, two miles or so 5) 至多 not more than 5 rooms, at most ten days 6) 仅有 no more than 1 year, only 2 years 7) 倍数 This ruler is twice/three times longer than that one. This ruler is twice/three times as long as that one. This ruler is twice/three times the length of that one. 误：This box is as three times heavier as that one. 正：This box is three times as heavy as that one. 8. 数字+形容词+名词 It's a five-foot-deep hole. The hole is five feet deep. It's a hole five feet deep. 误句：It's a three-meters-long table. 正句：It's a three-meter-long table. 9. 形容词，副词的比较级和最高级 busy---busier---busiest hot---hotter---hottest important---more important---most important good---better---best many/much---more---most bad/ill---worse---worst old---older/elder---oldest/eldest little---less---least far---farther/further---farthest/furthest badly---worse---worst well---better---best 10. 形容词需要注意以下几点： 1) 只能做定语的形容词有：live, main, chief; My main purpose is to help you here. 2) 只能做表语的形容词有：alone, alike, awake, asleep, lit, content He is alone, but he doesn't feel lonely. 3) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序依次是：冠词（所有格；指示词；数词）； 品质；大小长短；形状；新旧；颜色；产地；材料；用途；例如： a beautiful little round red Chinese wooden public reading room 4) 能修饰形容词比较级的有：much, rather, even , still, far, any, no, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, yet 等； I'm much better now. I'm a great deal better now. 5) 能修饰形容词最高级的有：by far, very, much。 He is by far the best student in my class. 二、语法知识易错点 1. 注意几个短语的用法。 1) the tallest of all The girl is the best student of all. 2) the smaller of the two This island is the larger of the two. 3) less rich than He is less poor than his brother. 4) as rich as He is as tall as his brother. 5) the more…, the better… The more you look at it, the better you like it. 6) not more beautiful than, no more beautiful than 误：He is no more clever than his brother. So he can solve the problem. 正：He is no more foolish than his brother. So he can solve the problem. 2. 注意几组副词的区别。 1) deep, deeply I was deeply touched by the moving story. 2) high, highly I thought highly of his idea. 3) wide, widely English is widely spoken in China nowadays. 4) direct, directly Go direct home. 5) first, firstly 6) free, freely He can talk freely in English. 7) hard, hardly I can hardly move. 8) late, lately Where have you been lately? 9) just, justly 10) loud, aloud, loudly Reading aloud is important for English learners. 11) most, mostly My friends are mostly Chinese. 12) near, nearly, almost Almost nobody was there to help him. 13) fair, fairly, rather, quite 14) also, as well, too, either 15) very, much, very much 误：I'm deep moved by what he said. 正：I'm deeply moved by what he said. 3. 几个易错的副词 home, downtown, downstairs, abroad 误句：He went to abroad three years ago. 正句：He went abroad three years ago. 4. 介词与动词的搭配。 agree with, belong to, break away from, care for… He agreed with what I said. 5. 介词与形容词的搭配。 afraid of, angry with, different from, good at… I'm afraid of falling behind others. 6. 介词与名词的搭配。 answer to, key to, reason for, cause of, visit to How about your visit to the Great Wall? 7. 注意几组介词的区别。 1) at, in, on (表地点，表时间) 2) from, for, since (表时间) 3) below, under, above, over 4) between, among 5) by, with, in (表方式) You can get there by bus. He cut the meat with a knife. He wrote the letter in ink. 8. 一般现在时注意以下两点。 1) 表时刻表的情况下，一般现在代替将来时态用； 2) 主将从现符合的原则是：if 条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让 步状语从句。如： If he comes, I'll let you know. He will be happy when I tell him. Next time I'll do as you say. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place. 3) be to do 表有责任、有义务做某事 be going to do 表示有计划性、准备做某事 will do 一般情况下使用 误：The plane will take off at 10p.m. 正：The plane takes off at 10p.m. 9. 现在进行时注意以下四点。 1) 和 always, constantly, forever, continually 连用表示说话人的感情色彩，责 备，埋怨等； He is always thinking of others. 2) 强调情况的暂时性； He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired. 3) 强调一时的表现； He is being silly. 4) 表将来。 I'm going shopping this afternoon. 误：He types his own letters when his secretary is ill. 正：He is typing his own letters when his secretary is ill. 误：He always makes the same mistake. 正：He is always making the same mistake. 10. 一般将来时注意以下三点。 1) 表倾向，习惯性动作。意为"会，不能，没法"； We will die sooner or later. The medicine won't help. 2) 表推测 The man in the middle will be visiting president. 3) 表容量 The hall will seat 500 people. 误：The machine doesn't work. 正：The machine won't work. 11. 一般过去时说没有想到是指过去没有想到。如： I didn't expect you were here. I didn't think you would come. 12. 现在完成时的适用范围。 1) 过去动作对现在的影响和结果； I've already finished my homework, so I can leave now. 2) 过去开始持续到现在； Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years. 3) 曾经经历过的事情； Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 4) 在主将从现中，如果没有一般现在，可以选现在完成。如： If I finish/have finished my homework, I'll go home. 13. 过去完成时注意两点。 1) 它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。 2) 用在 no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when, had intended, had hoped, had planned 等短语中。 误：I hoped to go there, but I didn't. 正：I had hoped to go there, but I didn't. 14. that 从句用完成时。 It/This/That is the first/second/last time that… 如： This is the first time that I have been in Beijing. It/This/That is the only…that… 如： That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life. It/This/That is the + 最高级…that… It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read. 15. 一般不用进行时的词。 没有延续性的词（accept, decide, want 等），know, think, agree, mean, love, like, cost, exist, hate, dislike, fear, 系动词。 误：I'm wanting to know the reason. 正：I want to know the reason. 二、语法知识易错点 1. 被动语态的构成。 2. 主动表被动的适用范围。 1) 表衡量的动词。 The room measures 5 by 6. 2) sell, write, wash, read, wear, keep, drink 等表状态的情况下； The pen writes well. The clothes wash well. 3) 在动词不定式中主语发出的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. 4) 动词不定式前面的词为形容词时。 The question is easy to answer. 5) 在 need, want, require, be worth 后面 doing 主动表被动。 The bike wants repairing. 注意：The bike wants to be repaired. 误：The shoes are sold well. 正：The shoes sell well. 误：The flowers need being watered. 正：The flowers need watering. The flowers need to be watered. 3. 没有被动语态。 1) 系动词； He looks well today. 2) 不及物动词； The sun rises in the east. 3) 固定词或短语中。如：happen, take place, go up, break out, come about, add up to, belong to 等。 The book belonging to me is missing. 误：Being tasted good, the food was soon eaten up. 正：Tasting good, the food was soon eaten up. 误：The government tries its best to have people's living standard risen. 正：The government tries its best to have people's living standard raised. 4. can, could 1) 表示体力、眼力方面的能力，能做某种动作的能力 I can ride a bike. 2) 在口语中，can 可代替 may"表示许可" Can I use your dictionary? 3) 在疑问句中表示怀疑 Can it be true? 4) 在否定句中，表示判断或推断 You can't be hungry so soon. You've just had lunch. 5. may, might 1) 允许(正式或比较客气的场合) You may use my car. 2) 可能：用在陈述句中 It might be right. 3) 表示判断：不太肯定 He might be sleeping now. 4) 表祝愿 May you succeed! 5) may/ might as well 不妨 You may as well tell me the truth. 6. must 1) 必须 You must do it at once. 2) 不许、禁止（否定） You mustn't waste our time. ---Must I leave now? ---No, you needn't /you don't have to. 3) 作判断（肯定的判断） The light is on. He must be in the office. 7. shall 1) 用于二、三人称表允许、命令、警告。 You shall leave the door or I'll call the police. She shall do as she is told. 2) 征求对方意见或向对方请示（用于一、三人称）。 Shall I open the window? 3) 竟然 The dog should understand German. 误：Can he come in or wait outside? 正：Shall he come in or wait outside? 8. should 1) 应该（责任/义务，任何人称）。 You should study English hard. 2) 预测（对将要发生的进行预测）"可能、该"。 They should be there by tomorrow. 9. will 1) 愿意、意愿、意志、决心（用于各人称）。 If you will wait, I'll come back. 2) will= probably 表一种猜想。 You will remember the story I told you last time. 3) 征求意见，用于第二人称。 Will you give me a piece of paper? 4) 否定表"可否"。 Won't you take off your cap? 5) 表某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water. 10. would 1) 意愿 Would you please do me a favor? 2) I'd/should/would like to=want to I'd like to see Mr. Smith. 3) 表过去习惯动作（表过去习惯的动作，现在如何不知道）。 When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. 4) 一种揣测。 That would be his mother. 11. need, dare 1) 作实义动词，要+to（尤其 need） She dares to speak and dares to act. I need to go now. 2) 在否定、疑问、条件句中，可作情态动词用。 If they dare come, they will never be able to get away. She needn't go. She doesn't need to go. 12. 几个情态动词+have done ought to have done 和 should have done 表示应该做某事而未做，表责备，表 埋怨 could have done 本可以做某事而未做 needn't have done 不需要做某事而做了 The plants are dead. I ought to have watered it. The plants are dead. I should have watered it. It's quite near. I could have come here on foot, but I took a taxi. You needn't have brought such a big dictionary. Here's one for you. 13. 情态动词表推测。 1) 一定用 must； You look pale. You must be ill. 2) 可能用 may, might, could; He may be ill. That's why he didn't come. 3) 一定不能或疑问句中用 can, could. You can't have met him at the airport. He went to Japan a week ago. 误：The ground is wet. It must rain last night. 正：The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳[五] 一、英语词汇学习中的几个注意事项 语言最小最基础的单位是词汇。词汇掌握得扎实准确，又会灵活运用，使用 语言的能力就强。高考要考察的词汇与课本所学的词汇并非完全一致。高考词汇 表共约 2000 个单词和 500 个左右词组。备战高考应把主要精力放在高考词汇表 上，记一些课外单词对高考意义不大。以下是学习单词的一些建议： 1.学习单词，不但要记住拼写，还要注意基本用法。比如说 hope 一词，就 要知道常见用法是 hope to do，hope + that clause，lose hope，I hope so 等等，还 要知道不能用于 hope sb to do sth 这一结构，以及不说 I don't hope so，但常说 I hope not。 2.词不离句，句不离文。不要孤立地学习单词，要结合句子和文章理解，记 忆，复习单词。所以，不断地听说读写英语其实是学习单词的最好的办法。 3.按单词用法分类记忆。如其后只跟 doing 的动词：enjoy, mind, practice, finish, consider, give up 等。又如不及物动词：lie, die, fall, talk, arrive, stand, sleep, look, cheer, hurry, sit. 4.把名词分成若干类记忆。如： 动物：ant, bird, cat, donkey ,frog, panda. 职业：teacher, worker, student, ballplayer, athlete。 食品：burger, rice, chicken, fish, soup, potato. 交通工具：car, bus, taxi, plane, ship, bicycle。 建筑物：building, statue, hotel, stadium, hall。 地名：Australia, Britain, China, Denmark, Egypt, France。 5.按词类记忆如，介词：in, on, above, under, after, at, upon, through, by, across. 连词：since, when, while, before, though, if, as, where, because, even if. 6.按拼写记忆 如以 o 结尾的词：potato, tomato, piano, zoo, hero, zero, kilo, volcano, bamboo. 又如含 ght 的词：thought, taught, light, bright, tight, right, caught, sought, night, fight. 7.按前后缀记忆 如以 ion 结尾的词：examination, imagination, conclusion, passion, discussion, 如以 th 为开头的词：thank, thin, think, threat, the, then, than, throat, thought, 又如以 less 结尾的词：wordless, nevertheless, hopeless, voiceless, harmless, needless, powerless, careless 8. 以动词为核心记词组。如 take out, take in, take on, take part in 等。 9．以副词为核心记忆词组。 如 break out, come out , find out , look out 等。 二、语法知识易错点 1. 情态动词表推测反意疑问句。 还原成原来的时态，再反问。如： It must have rained last night, didn't it? He must have waited for you for a long time, hasn't he? He must be waiting for you outside, isn't he? 2. 反意疑问句。 1) Let us…, will you? 2) Let's…, shall we? 3) 祈使句的反意疑问句用 will you。 1) 宾语从句反意疑问句原则上反主句，但是如果主语是 I，则反从句。如： He said you were a good student, didn't he? I think you are right, aren't you? 2) 带有否定前后缀的句子还是肯定句；带有否定副词的句子在句中是否定 句。如： He dislikes you, doesn't he? He never likes you, does he? 误：You feed the bird, don't you? 正：You feed the bird, will you? 3. 现在分词。 1) doing 表主动，表进行； The boiling water hurts me badly. 2) being done 表被动，表进行； The question being discussed now was raised by me. 3) having done 表主动，表完成； Having washed his feet, he went to bed. 4) having been done 表被动，表完成。 Having been washed, his feet are clean now. 误：The building built will be our library. It's very noisy now. 正：The building being built will be our library. It's very noisy now. 4. 动词不定式。 1) to do 表目的，表将来； He seems to know this. 2) to be doing 表进行 He pretended to be listening attentively. 3) to be done 表目的，表被动； The room is to be cleaned tomorrow. 4) to have done 表过去，表完成； I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 5) to have been done 表完成，表被动； The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital. 6) to have been doing 表示某一动作从过去延续到现在还要延续到将来 She is said to have been working on this problem for many hours. 误：The question discussed tomorrow is raised by me. 正：The question to be discussed tomorrow is raised by me. 5. 动词不定式几点注意。 1) teach, know, learn 后接 how + to do I don't know how to do it. 2) 有 do 无 to I can do nothing but sleep. There is nothing I can do but sleep. 3) why not do 4) 否定式 not to do 5) 不定式复合结构 It is important for us to learn English well. 但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用 of 如：good, kind, nice, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude,impolite,careless It is very kind of you to help me.= You are kind to help me. 6) 作独立成份：To tell you the truth, I'm almost freezing. To cut/ make a long story short, …… 7) 为避免重复，口语中常可省去与前边动词重复的动词原形，但是 to 要留 下。 ---Would you like to go to the films with me? ---I'd like to. 8) 两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带 to，后面的不 定式往往省去 to。 I wish to finish my task and (to) get away. 但表对照，不能省 to It is better to laugh than to cry. 9) It is for you to decide. It is to be decided by you. 10) He is said to have been rich. It is said that he has been rich. 6. 过去分词。 done 表被动，表完成。 The question discussed yesterday was raised by me. 误：The thief was brought in with his hand being tied behind. 正：The thief was brought in with his hand tied behind. 7. 分词在句中做成分。 1) 表语 The news is exciting. I'm excited. 2) 宾补 I see him playing near the river. 3) 定语 The machine run by the old worker is the most advanced here. 4) 时间状语 Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city small. 5) 原因状语 Being shy, the girl dare not speak to others. 6) 方式，伴随状语 He came into the classroom, holding a book in his hand. 7) 条件状语 Given more time, we could do it better. 8) 结果状语 He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. 9) 程度状语 The weather is boiling hot. 误：I found a box contained a lot of gold. 正：I found a box containing a lot of gold. 8. 分词的独立成分。 compared to, compared with, judging from, judging by, considering, generally speaking, according to, etc. Compared with Japan, China has a large population. Generally speaking, it is worth doing. 误：Judged from his expression, he is quite happy. 正：Judging from his expression, he is quite happy. 9. 动名词在句中的成分。 1) 主语 Fighting broke out between the south and the north. 2) 宾语 He gave up teaching two years ago. 3) 表语 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4) 定语 It's a good hiding place. 误：Take a walk in such a beautiful day is really nice. 正：Taking a walk in such a beautiful day is really nice. 10. 动名词的复合结构。 原则上用 one's doing, sb's doing His coming in without being asked made me angry. 但是无生命的物体，直接用名词+doing。 The windows suddenly opening made me surprised. 有生命的物体，如果是泛指，也是直接+doing。 Have you heard of women playing football? 两个以上的有生命物体，同样是直接+doing。 Do you still remember my mother and me coming to see you? 误：The boys were frightened by the door's suddenly shutting. 正：The boys were frightened by the door suddenly shutting. 11. 下列动词或词组后直接加 doing。 mind, finish, appreciate, admit, advise, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, excuse, imagine, escape, include, keep, practice, miss, risk, stand, deny, suggest, give up, put off, can't help, insist on, devote to 等。 误：I dislike to talk with such a boring person. 正：I dislike talking with such a boring person. 二、语法知识易错点 1. 注意以下几组词组的区别。 1) forget to do, forget doing Don't forget to close the door before you leave. 2) remember to do, remember doing Remember to hand in your homework after you get to school. 3) regret to do, regret doing I regretted telling him the news. 4) mean to do, mean doing Difficult homework means staying up late. 5) stop to do, stop doing He stopped reading and took a rest. 6) try to do, try doing He tried to help me, but failed. 误：I regret telling you that you are fired. 正：I regret to tell you that you are fired. 2. to do 和 doing 做主语的区别。 doing 表抽象和泛指的动作。 to do 表具体的一次性行为。 Swimming is my hobby. 3. 引导时间状语从句的连词。 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, ever since, immediately, once, the moment, the second, the instant, directly. 误：I will tell him the news when immediately he comes. 正：I will tell him the news immediately he comes. 4. 引导地点状语从句的连词。 where, wherever。如： Where there is water, there is life. 5. 引导原因状语从句的连词。 because, as, since, now that, for。如： I didn't go to school, for I was ill. Since I was ill, I didn't go to school. As I was ill, I didn't go to school. I didn't go to school because I was ill. Now that you have finished the work, you are free to do what you like. 6. 引导目的状语从句的连词。 so that, in order that, for fear that, in case 误：He explained again and again for fear that she misunderstands him. 正：He explained again and again for fear that she should misunderstand him. 7. 引导结果状语从句的连词。 so that, so…that…, such…that… 误：I got up early, so that I could catch the bus. 正：I got up early, so that I caught the bus. 误：There're such many people that I cannot move. 正：There're so many people that I cannot move. 8. 引导条件状语从句的连词。 if, unless, as long as, so long as, in case As long as you help me, I will help you. 误：I won't go there if I'm invited. 正：I won't go there unless I'm invited. 9. 引导比较状语从句的连词。 as…as, not so/as…as, than 误：I'm as taller as he is. 正：I'm as tall as he is. 10. 引导让步状语从句的连词。 though, although, as, even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who (what, which, when, where, how), whether. 误：Young/Child although he is, he knows a lot. 正：Young/Child though/as he is, he knows a lot. 误：Don't believe no matter what he says. 正：Don't believe whatever he says. 11. 主语从句。 1) 主语从句做主语，谓语动词单数。 Whoever found it should return it to the owner. 2) 主语从句中的连词 that 不可省。 3) 如果主语从句比较长，可以用 it 做形式主语。 It makes her sad that her hair turns gray. 误：He will come is certain. 正：That he will come is certain. 12. 引导同位语从句的名词和连词。 名词有 fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear 等。连词有 that, whether,并且 that 不可省。 注意以下两个句子。 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (同位语从句) The question he asked me was puzzling. (定语从句) 误：The news he won the game made us happy. 正：The news that he won the game made us happy. 13. 主谓一致需注意以下方面。 1) A teacher and writer is waiting for you outside. 2) In our country every boy and every girl has the right to education. (类似的还 有: each boy and each girl, no boy and no girl, many a boy and many a girl) 3) 由以下几个连词连接两个主语谓语动词看前面的主语。这些连词有: as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to 等。 Tom as well as his classmates is going to visit the Forbidden City tomorrow. 4) 成双的名词前有 a pair of 来修饰，谓语动词用单数。否则用复数。 My trousers are on the chair. A pair of trousers is on the chair. 5) %，分数，half, the rest 后面的谓语动词符合就近一致原则。 10% of the students are hard-working. 6) 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语做主语时，谓语动词 用单数。 1 million dollars is a large sum of money. 7) 加、减、乘、除运算做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Ten plus ten is twenty. 8) 集合名词如：family, team, crowd, class, audience, population, class 等做主 语，如果指整体，用单数；如果指整体中的每个人，用复数。 9) one and a half 后接复数名词，但是谓语动词用单数。 One and a half oranges is on the table. 10) 以下情况符合就近一致原则。如：there be, either…or…, or, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not only…but also…, not…but… There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box. There are two pencils and a pen in his pencil-box. 误：The class is watching TV now. 正：The class are watching TV now. 误：Not his teacher but his parents is waiting outside. 正：Not his teacher but his parents are waiting outside. 二、语法知识易错点 1. 全部倒装。 1) 介词短语表方位提前，如：in front of, in the distance 等。 In front of the lake lies a house. 2) 做状语的副词置于句首，如：in, out, down, up, back, over, away, off 以及 here, there, now, then 等。但是主语为人称代词时不倒装。 Here comes the bus. Here he comes. 误：In front of the house did a small boy sit. 正：In front of the house sat a small boy. 2. 部分倒装。 1) 否定词放在句首。如：neither, nor, never, hardly, scarcely, not only, seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until 等。 Not until midnight did he come back. 2) 频率状语放在句首。如：often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two days 等。 Often did he talk about it. 3) 方式状语放在句首。如：thus, so. I was late for school and so was he. 4) only + 状语放在句首。 Only in this way can you learn English well. 误：Only can you do it. 正：Only you can do it. 3. 在定语从句中，先行词为物的情况下，以下几种情况只能用 that 不能用 which。 1) 有序数词或最高级修饰； It's the first time that I have been here. 2) 先行词为不定代词； That is all that I want to know. 3) 先行词由不定代词修饰； He mentioned all the books that were laid on the table. 4) 先行词有 the only, the very, the last 修饰； It is the very dictionary that I need. 5) 先行词既有人又有物。 误：He talked about the teachers and schools which he had visited. 正：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 4. 只能用 which 的情况有： 1) 介词后面； This is the factory in which my father works. 2) ，后面。 I have a book, which is very interesting. 误：This is the house in that I stayed. 正：This is the house in which I stayed. 误：I was late for school again, that made the teacher angry. 正：I was late for school again, which made the teacher angry. 5. if 条件句虚拟的构成。 If I were you, I would go there alone. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam. If I should do/were to do/did it, I would do it in a different way. 误：If he took our advice, he wouldn't be in trouble. 正：If he had taken our advice, he wouldn't have been in trouble. 6. 主语从句的虚拟。 1) It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do 常见的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural It's important that he take my advice. 2) It is + n. + that sb. (should) do 常见的名词有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish It's a pity that he be so silly. 3) It is + done + that sb. (should) do 常见的过去分词有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered, proposed, decided, desired, insisted 等。 It's requested that she go home as soon as possible. 误：It is important that he learns English. 正：It is important that he learn English. 7. 宾语从句的虚拟。 1) 表命令，表建议，表要求的动词，后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。 I advise that he stay at home. 2) wish 后接从句，虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。 I wish I had watched the football match last night. 误：I wish I was you. 正：I wish I were you. 8. 注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。 1) as if, as though 误：He speaks English as if he was a native speaker. 正：He speaks English as if he were a native speaker. 2) otherwise, but, even though 误：He was ill. Otherwise he would be there. 正：He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there. 3) with, without, but for Without your help, I would have died two years ago. But for your help, I would have died two years ago. 4) would rather 误：I'd rather you tell me yourself. 正：I'd rather you told me yourself. 5) It's time that It's time that you went to bed. It's time that you should go to bed. 6) for fear that, in case Take an umbrella in case that it should rain. 7) Would you mind Would you mind if I smoked here? 8) May you… May you be happy for ever!