2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题1阅读理解教师课件1 34页

第二部分　题型应对策略 　 第 1 讲　细节理解题 　　细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解 , 特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。 【明命题方式 】 1. 特殊疑问句形式。以 when, where, what, which, who, how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题 ; 2. 以是非题的形式。 true /false, not true / false 或 EXCEPT, 近年这种题型较少 ; 3. 以 According to. . . 开头提问形式 ; 4. 以填空题的形式 ; 5. 就文中年代数字、排序、识图等提问。 【晓解题捷径 】 　　抓住文本中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键。一般采用寻读法。解题分三步 : 先读题干 , 抓住关键词 ; 然后再带着问题快速阅读短文 , 找出与问题有关的词语或句子 ; 仔细对比选项和原文信息 , 继而找出答案。 【辨选项特征 】 1. 正确选项的特征 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换 ; 词性或者语态发生变化 语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 , 设置为答案 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 2. 干扰选项的特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息 , 但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识 , 但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似 , 只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭 似是而非 部分正确 , 部分错误 技法 1 　直接信息题 : 定位对比找答案 　　在解答直接信息题时 , 可采用“带着问题找答案”的方法。先从题干中提取关键信息 , 然后运用略读或寻读技巧通过定位快速找到与关键信息相关的段落 , 仔细推敲 , 最后确定答案。 【典例 】 (2019 · 全国卷 Ⅲ · A) OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper 　　 Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami( 折纸术 )artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444. ) The Audience 　　 Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld , 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200. ) Hamilton 　　 Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555. ) On the Twentieth Century 　　 Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300. ) Who is the director of The Audience ? A. Helen Mirren . 　　 B. Peter Morgan. C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry . 【技法点金 】 第一步 : 阅读题干 , 找出题干关键词 The Audience 。 第二步 : 迅速定位到第二部分 The Audience 中的第二句 话 Stephen Daldry directs. 。 第三步 : 仔细对比选项 , 故选 __ 。 D 技法 2 　间接信息题 : 语义转换定答案 　　间接信息题一般命题的隐蔽性更强 , 其正确选项一般都会在原文的基础上予以改造。做此类题目时考生需要将题目信息与原文信息进行语义上的转换 , 有时还需进一步的加工。 读技法 1 中的 【典例 】 , 做下面题目 : 1. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A. A type of art. B. A teenager’s studio. C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals. 【技法点金 】 第一步 : 阅读题干 , 找出关键词 : Rajiv Joseph 。 第二步 : 迅速定位到第一部分 Animals Out of Paper 中的 Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. 根据小标题 Animals Out of Paper 和句意可知这一幕剧会呈现关于动物的折纸艺术。 第三步 : 仔细对比选项 , 故选 __ 。 A 2. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience. C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century . 【技法点金 】 第一步 : 阅读题干 , 找出关键词 : American history 。 第二步 : 迅速定位到 Hamilton 部分的 Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. 其中 the birth of America 与 American history 意思一致。 第三步 : 仔细对比选项 , 故选 __ 。 C 技法 3 　数字计算题 : 加减乘除巧计算 【典例 】 (2018 全国卷 I · C) 　　 . . . At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位数 ) of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 　　 Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction ( 消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6, 800. 　　　 B. About 3, 400. C. About 2, 400. 　　 D. About 1, 200. 【技法点金 】 第一步 : 阅读题干 , 找出关键词 : by less than 6, 000 people at present 。 第二步 : 迅速定位原文信息“ At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. ” 以及“ The median number of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. ” 进行换算。 第三步 : 仔细对比选项 , 故选 __ 。 B 技法 4 　图表图画题 : 按图索骥定答案 　　英语语言技能中增加了“看”的技能 , 利用多模态的图形、表格、动画符号等理解意义的技能。高考中可能会体现对图形信息考查的趋势。 【典例 】 　　 What brings a nation together? Of the four choices — shared values, language, history, and religion, it’s shared values. In our latest poll ( 民意 调査 ), seven out of 16 countries chose values as the greatest factor ( 因素 )bringing a nation together, and six preferred language. Both choices scored high in the poll, suggesting that our values and how we express them are closely linked. Still, history was not forgotten in some countries, particularly in Mexico and Russia. Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise? Not one country picked religion as its top choice. 　　 Respect your elders. 　　 In most countries, the oldest generation considered values more important to a nation than did those who are under 45 years old. 　　 Do you speak Canadian? 　　 Language scored lower in Canada than in all other countries polled, perhaps because the country speaks two official languages, French and English. 　　 Church and state. 　　 Most people polled do not connect their religious beliefs to their national pride. Religion ranked last in 13 countries — with France scoring it at 1%, the lowest of all. According to the charts, shared values and language were considered equally important in _________.   A. Australia B. Brazil 　　 C. China D. India 【技法点金 】 第一步 : 阅读题干 , 找出关键词 : shared values and language, equally important 。 第二步 : 按图索骥迅速定位到图片的信息。 第三步 : 仔细对比选项 , 故选 __ 。 D