上海市杨浦区2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 27页

‎2019-2020学年杨浦区高三第一学期期中试卷 考生注意：‎ ‎1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。‎ ‎2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择 题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。‎ ‎3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1. A. At a hospital. B. At a sports shop.‎ C. At a gym. D. At a cafe.‎ ‎2. A. No train going to her village is in operation now.‎ B. A car crash caused the cancellation of all trains.‎ C. It is her turn to be on night shift in the office.‎ D. She failed to catch the train back to the village in time.‎ ‎3. A. Jason’s view on global warming was of great importance.‎ B. Jason’s article on global warming was well-written.‎ C. Jason shouldn’t have been so critical of global warming.‎ D. Jason’ s article leaves no room for further discussion.‎ ‎4. A. Give up on the project B. Book a weekend trip to a resort.‎ C. Go for an outdoor activity D Work on something less stressful.‎ ‎5. A. Puzzled B. Annoyed C. Excited. D. Scared.‎ ‎6. A. Customer and server B. Manager and employee.‎ C. Chef and assistant D. Accountant and cashier.‎ ‎7. A. A meeting of two friends has been arranged.‎ B. A most surprising coincidence has occurred.‎ C. A small neighborhood has seen great changes.‎ D. The unbelievable incident happened a long time ago.‎ ‎8 A. Dan’s office is holding a late-night party.‎ B. Dan often goes to the pub after late shift.‎ C. Dan is unhappy about having to work tonight.‎ D. Dan doesn’t mind doing the late shift.‎ ‎9. A. Bob’s is the wrong place to taste real Greek food B. Salt& Pepper is designed to trick tourists.‎ C. It is difficult to cook tasty Greek food.‎ D. Food tasting is an important part of the tour.‎ ‎10. A. He regretted not preparing well for the interview.‎ B. He didn’t have the right qualifications for the job.‎ C. He was angry about being insulted at the job interview.‎ D. He should have been considered for the job.‎ Section B Directions:In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage,‎ ‎11. A. 24,000. B. 2500. C. 35,000. D. 49,000.‎ ‎12. A. iTrash is capable of recycling half of household waste in Taiwan.‎ B. iTrash is aimed to take waste treatment in Taiwan to a new level.‎ C. Household garbage is banned from being thrown into the iTrash.‎ D. iTrash is a smart machine that recycles garbage automatically.‎ ‎13. A. People are awarded money as stimulus for recyclable items.‎ B. People are given a free public transportation smartcard.‎ C. People are encouraged to recycle around the clock.‎ D. People are entitled to credits which can later be cashed in.‎ Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. A. Recording how long the snow lasts.‎ B. Spotting where the snow is the thickest.‎ C. Hunting the snow that hasn’t melted yet.‎ D. Tracking the snow that remains unpolluted.‎ ‎15. A. He earns extra money by snow hunting.‎ B. He wants to help battle climate change.‎ C. He considers it a good form of exercise.‎ D. He is fascinated at the sight of snow melting.‎ ‎16. A. Since 2000, snow melting has occurred three times faster than since 1840.‎ B. Snow first disappeared from the whole of Scotland's mountains in 1840.‎ C. Half of the recorded snow melting has happened in the past 20 years or so.‎ D. Records of snow-hunting didn’t come into being until the end of 20th century.‎ Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.‎ ‎17. A. It contains rare minerals and salts. B. It boasts certain health benefits.‎ C. The brand is most advertised on TV. D. It has a wide range of prices.‎ ‎18. A. Taste tests run by the manufacturers.‎ B. A campaign launched by Green Life.‎ C. Advertisements paid for by the manufacturers.‎ D. Advertisers who prefer top brands of bottled water.‎ ‎19. A. It is beneficial to health. B. It is more popular than Cola.‎ C. It is enriched with minerals. D. It is safer to drink than bottled water.‎ ‎20. A. Jack is convinced that bottled water is not necessarily better.‎ B. Jack refuses to believe that bottled water is less superior in taste.‎ C. Jack is still doubtful whether he should stop buying bottled water.‎ D. Jack is concerned that the bottled water will cause plastic pollution.‎ II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills ____1____ rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, ____2____they come across more products.‎ In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and ____3____they looked at. Their receipts were then used ____4____(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average £33.73 compared to an average of £23.91 for those who did not.‎ A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, ____5____(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of £36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average £36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to £25.59 on 13.22 products.‎ Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath’s School of Management said: “Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, ____6____we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect.” The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you’ll part ____7____.‎ ‎“So if you’re trying to budget, ____8____(leave) your phone in your pocket. ‎ It's not the phone ____9____that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus.” Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their ____10____(plan) lists.‎ ‎【答案】1. can/may/might ‎ ‎2. where 3. what ‎ ‎4. to assess ‎ ‎5. having given/giving ‎ ‎6. but 7. with ‎ ‎8. leave 9. itself ‎ ‎10. planned ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现手机上网会导致更多的购买行为。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：巴斯大学的研究发现，当人们在超市购物时被手机分心时，他们的购物账单平均会（可能）上涨41%。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知此处表示“会、可能”，故填 can/may/might。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：削弱注意力的设备也鼓励购物者在更多的货架之间走来走去，在那里他们会遇到更多的产品。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词shelves并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：在一项研究中，瑞典四家超市的294名年龄在18岁至73岁之间的人在整个购物过程中都戴着眼睛跟踪眼镜，以测量他们去了哪里，看了什么。此处为宾语从句，从句中的looked at缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：然后他们的收据被用来评估他们的支出。sth.be used to do表示“某物被用来做……”，故填to assess。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二项针对117‎ 名购物者的研究发现，那些拥有手机的人在商店里呆的时间更长，对货架的关注度更高。“关注货架”这一动作既可理解为与“呆在商店里”同时发生，也可理解为先于“呆在商店里”，所以既可用现在分词的一般式也可用现在分词的完成式作状语，故填having given/giving。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：企业主往往担心手机会分散购物者花钱的注意力，但我们惊奇地发现完全相反的效果。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查动词短语。句意：你在手机上花的时间越多，你花的钱就越多。part with表示“舍得、交出”，故填with。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查祈使句。句意：所以如果你想谨慎花钱的话，把手机放在口袋里。此处为祈使句，用动词原形，故填leave。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查反身代词。句意：不是手机本身导致了更多的购买行为，而是它对我们的注意力的影响。根据“the phone”可知此处指“它本身”，故填itself。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员认为，人们之所以花钱更多，是因为使用手机会分散人们对计划清单的注意力。lists与plan之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填planned。‎ Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Have you ever looked at someone else’s life with envy，just enough envy that you wish for a moment or two (or longer) that you could be them? Are there moments when, if the opportunity to be them were on _____11_____, you might be tempted by it?‎ Would we really want this? And what might we learn about ourselves or how we see our lives if we ____12____ considered it? To be sure, there are ____13____ here. If ‎ you had someone else’s life, who would raise your children or love your spouse or take care of your parents in their old age?‎ In fact, if you were someone else your own children would not have come into existence in the first place. That’s not a happy thought. To ____14____ this, perhaps the best way to cast this is in terms of a trade: If you had their life then they would have yours, and live it exactly as you would have. Your responsibilities would be ____15____, so there would be nothing to feel guilty about.‎ If we think of it this way, then the question of wanting to be someone else is a question of what we might call experience: Is there anybody else whose experience of life you would prefer, ____16____ everything else would be equal? One ____17____ concern about wanting someone else’s experience is that my desire to be someone else is grounded in values and desires that 1 have, and so I have to be me in order to want to be him. However, it’s not clear that that presents any real obstacle to such a desire. The fact is that there would be at least enough overlap (重叠）with them that they are exemplifying my values and desires but have a better experience than I do. So I can still prefer to be them.‎ I think that, on reflection, most of us would not want to ____18____ with another person, no matter how successful or tempting their lives seem. To see why, though, we’ll need to ____19____ our angle of vision. We will have to look at our own experiences rather than at theirs, or perhaps look at our experiences first. What would I be willing to give up to be another? My relationships with everyone — children, spouse, friends —and my whole history. I wouldn’t have ____20____ it. My loss would be that of the whole of my own experience.‎ ‎【答案】11. K 12. D ‎ ‎13. A 14. F ‎ ‎15. H 16. E ‎ ‎17. B 18. G ‎ ‎19. I 20. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了虽然有时我们羡慕别人的生活，但我们不会愿意放弃自己现在的生活去过另一个人的生活。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：如果有机会成为他们，你是否会被诱惑？on offer表示“提供的、供使用的”，故填K。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：如果我们认真考虑的话，我们可以从中学到什么，或者我们如何看待自己的生活？修饰动词considered用副词，根据“Would we really want this? And what might we learn about ourselves or how we see our lives” 可知此处表示“认真地”，故填D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：当然，这里也有复杂的情况。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处缺少名词作表语，根据“If you had someone else’s life, who would raise your children or love your spouse or take care of your parents in their old age?”可知此处表示“难题、复杂的情况”，故填A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，也许最好的方法是用交易的方式来表达：如果你有他们的生活，他们就会拥有你的生活，并且像你一样生活下去。空前的To为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“perhaps the best way to cast this”可知此处表示“解决”，故填F。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：你的责任会被包括在内，所以不会有任何负罪感。前一句说如果你拥有他们的生活，他们就会拥有你的生活，并且像你一样生活下去，此处是说你的责任会被包括在内，因此此处表示“包括”，Your responsibilities与之是被动关系，此处填过去分词，故填H。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：假设其他一切都是平等的，还有谁的生活经历是你更喜欢的吗？assuming that常引导条件状语从句，表示“假如……”，故填E。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：想要别人经历的一个直接问题是，我想要成为别人的愿望是基于我所拥有的价值观和欲望，所以我必须成为我自己，才能成为他。修饰名词concern用形容词，根据“concern about wanting someone else’s experience is that my desire to be someone else is grounded in values and desires that 1 have, and so I have to be me in order ‎ to want to be him.”可知此处表示“直接的”，故填B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我想，经过深思熟虑，我们大多数人都不想和别人做交易，不管他们的生活看起来多么成功或诱人。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，trade with表示“与……做交易”， 故填G。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：不过，要了解原因，我们需要转变视角。空前的to是不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“our angle of vision”可知此处表示“转变”，故填I。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：为了成为另一个人，我愿意放弃什么?我与每个人的关系，孩子，配偶，朋友和我的整个历史，我不会经历这些。此处缺少动词作谓语，空前的have表明此处填过去分词，根据“What would I be willing to give up to be another?”可知此处表示“经历”，故填C。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ It has been one of the deadliest climbing seasons on Everest, with at least 10 deaths. And at least some seem to have been ____21____.‎ The problem hasn’t beenavalanches(雪崩）, blizzards or high winds. Experienced climbers and industry leaders ____22____ too many people on the mountain, in general, and too many inexperienced climbers, in particular.‎ Fly-by-night adventure companies are taking up untrained climbers who pose a risk to everyone on the mountain. And the Nepalese government, ____23____ for every climbing dollar it can get, has issued more permits than Everest can safely ____24____, some experienced mountaineers say.‎ Add to that Everest’s unmatched ____25____ to a growing body of thrill-seekers the world over. And the fact that Nepal, one of Asians poorest nations and the site of most Everest climbs, has a long record of bad regulations and mismanagement.‎ To reach the peak, climbers ____26____ every pound of equipment they can and take with them just enough cans of compressed oxygen to make it to the top and back down. It is hard to think straight at that altitude（海拔）.‎ According to the climbers, some of the deaths this year were caused by people getting held up in the long lines on the last 1,000 feet or so of the climb, unable to get up and down fast enough to ____27____ their oxygen supply. Others were simply not fit enough to be on the mountain ____28____.‎ Nepal has no ____29____ rules about who can climb Everest, and experienced climbers say that is a direct reason for ____30____. “You have to reach certain standards to do the Ironman,” said Alan Arnett, a remarkable Everest climber. “But you don’t have to ____31____ to climb the highest mountain in the world? What’s wrong with this picture?”‎ The last time 10 or more people died on Everest was in 2015, during an avalanche. By some measures, the Everest machine has only gotten more out of ____32____. Last year, experienced climbers, insurance companies and news organizations ____33____ a far-reaching scheme by guides, helicopter companies and hospitals to trick millions of dollars from insurance companies byevacuating(疏散) climbers with ____34____ signs of altitude sickness.‎ Despite all the problems, this year the Nepali government issued a record number of permits, 381, as part of a bigger ____35____ to commercialize the mountain. Climbers say the permit numbers have been going up steadily each year and that this year the traffic jams were heavier than ever.‎ ‎21. A. recognizable B. sustainable C. avoidable D. feasible ‎22. A. burden B. blame C. border D. balance ‎23. A. hungry B. critical C. jealousy D. hesitant ‎24. A. favor B. extend C. grant D. handle ‎25. A. appeal B. adjustment C. adaption D. agreement ‎26 A. catch sight of B. make use of C. get rid of D. take hold ‎ of ‎27. A. remove B. refill C. recycle D. release ‎28. A. for the first time B. at long last C. from time to time D. in the first place ‎29. A. strict B. social C. scientific D. creative ‎30. A. discomfort B. decay C. disadvantage D. disaster ‎31. A. manage B. qualify C. promise D. schedule ‎32. A. contact B. touch C. control D. power ‎33. A. activated B. exposed C. introduced D. dismissed ‎34. A. inferior B. minor C. superior D. major ‎35. A. push B. prospect C. pattern D. patent ‎【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为了赚钱，尼泊尔政府每年都会发放大量的登山许可证，让许多经验不足的人去攀登珠峰，这是造成很多登山者死亡的主要原因。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至少有些是可以避免的。A. recognizable可识别的；B. sustainable可持续的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. feasible可行的。空前说这是珠穆朗玛峰最致命的登山季节之一，至少有10人死亡，下文又说经验丰富的登山者和行业领袖把造成死亡的问题归咎于山上的人太多，尤其是太多经验不足的登山者，因此此处是说至少有一些死亡是可以避免的，故C项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经验丰富的登山者和行业领袖通常会归咎于山上的人太多，尤其是太多经验不足的登山者。A. burden使负担；B. blame归咎于、责备；C. border接近； D. balance平衡。空前说问题不在于天气、暴风雪或大风，此处用“blame”指出问题所在，故B项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些经验丰富的登山者说，尼泊尔政府对每一笔登山收入都如饥如渴，发放的登山许可证超过了珠穆朗玛峰的安全承受能力。A. hungry渴望的；B. critical批评的；C. jealousy 嫉妒；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据空后的“for every climbing dollar it can get, has issued more permits than Everest can safely ____4____,”可知，尼泊尔政府渴望得到每一笔登山收入，故A项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. favor偏袒；B. extend延伸；C. grant同意； D. handle处理、应付。由于尼泊尔政府对每一笔登山收入都如饥如渴，所以为了赚钱它发放了大量的登山许可证，这远远超过了珠穆朗玛峰的安全承受能力，故D项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：再加上珠穆朗玛峰对全世界越来越多寻求刺激者无与伦比的吸引力。A. appeal吸引力；B. adjustment调整；C. adaption适应；D. agreement一致。根据常识可知，珠穆朗玛峰对登山者来说有着巨大的吸引力，每年都会吸引无数的登山者前来攀登，故A项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了到达顶峰，登山者们把他们能携带的每一磅设备都扔掉，随身携带的压缩氧气罐只够让他们到达山顶并返回。A. catch sight of看到；B. make use of利用；C. get rid of 摆脱、去除；D. take hold of握住。根据空前的“To reach the peak,”可知，为了到达顶峰，登山者们把他们能携带的每一磅设备都扔掉以减轻负重，故C项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据登山者说，今年的一些死亡是由于人们在最后1000英尺左右的攀登过程中被排成了长队，无法快速上下攀爬来补充氧气供应。A. remove移除；B. refill再装满；C. recycle回收利用；D. release释放。根据常识可知，在攀登珠峰的过程中，氧气瓶里的氧气用完时要到补给站把氧气瓶再装满，故B项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：其他人一开始根本不适合上山。A. for the first time第一次；B. at long last最后；C. from time to time不时；D. in the first place起初。此处总结致使攀登者死亡原因，说的是一些人最初就不具备攀登珠峰的条件，故D项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尼泊尔对谁能攀登珠穆朗玛峰没有严格的规定，这是造成灾难的直接原因。A. strict严格的；B. social社交的；C. scientific科学的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文说的尼泊尔政府发放了大量的登山许可证可知，尼泊尔对谁能攀登珠峰没有严格的规定，故A项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. discomfort不适；B. decay衰退；C. disadvantage不利；D. disaster灾难。根据上文可知本文主要讲的就是造成很多登山者死亡的原因，此处用“disaster”指上文提到的“很多攀登者的死亡”，故D项正确。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是你不需要有资格去攀登世界上最高的山峰吗?A. manage设法做成；B. qualify有资格、胜任；C. promise承诺；D. schedule计划。空前说要参加铁人三项，你必须达到一定的标准，此处是说要攀登珠峰也要具有一定的资格，言外之意，不是谁都能随随便便攀登的，故B项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某些方面来看，珠峰这台（尼泊尔政府赚钱的）机器只会变得更加失控。A. contact联系；B. touch触碰；C. control控制；D. power力量。根据空后的举例可知此处指“珠峰变得更加失控”，故C项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，有经验的登山者、保险公司和新闻机构披露了导游、直升机公司和医院实施的一项影响深远的计划，目的是通过疏散有轻微高原反应症状的登山者，骗取保险公司的数百万美元。A. activated激活；B. exposed揭露、显示；C. introduced介绍；D. dismissed开除。空后的“a far-reaching scheme by guides, helicopter companies and hospitals to trick millions of dollars from insurance companies byevacuating(疏散) climbers with ____14____ signs of altitude sickness.”是有经验的登山者、保险公司和新闻机构揭露的内幕，故B项正确。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. inferior下等的；B. minor次要的、较小的；C. superior优秀的；D. major主要的。根据空前的“trick millions of dollars from insurance companies”可知，被疏散的登山者只是有轻微的高原反应症状，故B项正确。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在种种问题，尼泊尔政府今年还是发放了创纪录381张许可证，作为加大山区商业化力度的一部分。A. push推动；B. prospect前途；C. pattern模式；D. patent专利权。根据空后的“to commercialize the mountain.”可知，尼泊尔政府此举是为了推动山区商业化，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第11空难度较大，抓住空前的举例是关键，根据空前的“You have to reach certain standards to do the Ironman,”可知，要参加铁人三项，你必须达到一定的标准，此处是说要攀登珠峰也要具有一定的资格，言外之意，不是谁都能随随便便攀登的，因此此处是说“你不需要有一定的资格才能攀登世界上最高的山峰吗?”故B项正确。‎ Section B Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ A family in Edinburgh has discovered that an old chess piece they kept in a drawer for 55 years is a long-lost part of a medieval(中世纪）chess set. The piece was bought by their grandfather for £5 from an antique dealer in Edinburgh in 1964. It is estimated that it could now sell for £ 1 million at auction(拍卖). It is one of five missing pieces from the Lewis Chessmen, a set of medieval chess pieces that were found in a sand hill on the Isle of Lewis, off Scotland’s west coast, in 1831.‎ The piece is 8.8 centimeters tall and made from walrus ivory, a rare material in those days. It is warder, which is a prison guard, with a helmet, shield and sword. This piece would be the same as a rook(车), or castle in a modern chess set.‎ The family, who don’t want to make their name public, explained how their grandfather was unaware of the piece’s importance when he bought it in 1964. After he died, it was looked after by his daughter, who believed that it had magical qualities. They finally realized how important the piece was when it was examined by Alexander Kader, an expert at Sotheby’s auction house in London.‎ The Lewis Chessmen are famous all over the world. The set is split between the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the British Museum in London, attracting ‎ lots of visitors. They are thought to have been made in Trondheim, Norway, between AD 1150 and 1200, and were probably buried on Lewis for safekeeping on their way to being sold in Ireland. Nobody really knows for sure why they were buried there or how they were discovered.‎ The piece will go on display in Edinburgh and then London before its auction on 2 July. It is expected to either be bought by, or loaned to, a museum. Kader says there are still four missing pieces out there, “However, it might take another 150 years for one to show up.”‎ ‎36. Which of the following is TRUE about the Lewis Chessmen?‎ A. It has a history of 55 years. B. It consists of 5 missing chesses.‎ C. It is made from walrus ivory. D. It is the equivalent of a rook.‎ ‎37. People are most likely to see the Lewis Chessmen _________ .‎ A. in a sand hill B. in the museums C. in a family drawer D. at an auction house ‎38. Why did the daughter keep the chess piece for so many years?‎ A. She was honoring her late grandfather’s wish.‎ B. She knew it had certain historical value.‎ C. She didn’t want to make its existence public.‎ D. She thought it had some mysterious power-‎ ‎39. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. Where the chess piece will end up remains to be seen.‎ B. The other four missing pieces will eventually surface.‎ C. The family expects the piece to be sold to the museum.‎ D. The auction will attract many private collectors in Scotland.‎ ‎【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了爱丁堡的一个家庭发现他们放在抽屉里55年的一颗旧棋子竟然是中世纪一套棋子中丢失已久的一颗。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The piece is 8.8 centimeters tall and made from walrus ‎ ivory,”可知，刘易斯旗子是由海象象牙制成的，故C项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Lewis Chessmen are famous all over the world. The set is split between the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, and the British Museum in London, attracting lots of visitors.”可知，刘易斯棋子闻名于世，收藏在爱丁堡的苏格兰国家博物馆和伦敦的大英博物馆内，吸引了很多游客，由此可知，人们可能会在博物馆内看到刘易斯旗子，故B项正确。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After he died, it was looked after by his daughter, who believed that it had magical qualities”可知，祖父死后，这颗棋子由他的女儿照料，她认为它具有神奇的特质，也就是说女儿把棋子保留了这么多年是因为她认为它有种神秘的力量，故D项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It is expected to either be bought by, or loaned to, a museum.”可知，这颗棋子要么被博物馆买下，要么借给博物馆，也就是说它最终会被如何处理还没有定下来，故A项正确。‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎(C)‎ Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds(杂草）killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.‎ Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that the 24-hour rhythms of plants leave them more defenseless to herbicides(除草剂) at different points in their daily 24 hour cycle.‎ They believe the findings could help farmers by reducing crop loss and improving harvests. And gardeners could benefit from knowing which weeds respond better at certain times of the day. In recent years, pesticides and herbicides have been implicated in the decline of important pollinating insects, such as bees.‎ Dr Antony Dodd，senior author of the new study，said: “The research suggests that, in future, we might be able to improve the use of some chemicals that are used ‎ in agriculture by taking advantage of the biological clock in plants.‎ Just like humans, plants have evolved to take advantage of cycles of night and day, with certain biological processes turning on at different times of the day.‎ Scientists have discovered that many drugs work much better in humans if they are given at specific hours. Aspirin, for example, has doubled the impact on thinning the blood if taken at night as opposed to in the morning. The process is known as ‘chronotherapy’ and researchers wanted to find out if the same concept could be applied to plants.‎ Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores(气孔) are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour. At the break of the day, plants are also not busy producing food throughphotosynthesis(光和作用）.The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at dusk.‎ The air is also likely to be stiller at dawn and dusk, meaning that pesticides or herbicides are less likely to be blown away to places where they are not wanted. Pesticide labels often warn against spraying on windy days in case they endanger people or animals. Many insects are active early in the morning and around dusk, also making very early morning and early evening effective times for insecticide.‎ Commenting on the study, Dr. Trevor Dines, Botanical Specialist at the conservation charity Plantlife, said: “This is fascinating research which will be of great interest to many gardeners like me. If anything used to think the opposite was true - that applying herbicides and pesticides late in the day would be better as they’d remain in Vet contact' with the plant for longer in the cool of the night and therefore be taken up or absorbed more effectively. This research knocks that assumption on its head”‎ ‎40. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “implicated in” in the third paragraph?‎ A. restored to B. blamed for C. limited to D. composed of ‎41. According to the research, what are the reasons for using herbicides in the ‎ morning?‎ A. The process of photosynthesis is most active in the morning.‎ B. Insects are more defenseless in the morning than any other time of the day.‎ C. Bigger pores on the plants make herbicides work more effectively.‎ D. The stronger morning wind blows pesticides away to more places.‎ ‎42. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. Gardeners were interested in combining science with gardening.‎ B. A long time had passed before herbicide was applied in farming.‎ C. The old assumption about the use of chemicals proved right.‎ D. Many gardeners used to spray herbicides at the wrong time.‎ ‎43. What is the main idea of this article?‎ A. New chemicals have been found to help kill harmful insects.‎ B. Biological clock of plants could help gardeners use less weed killer.‎ C. Plants’ cycles can be taken advantage of to improve the environment.‎ D. The research on the effects of pesticides has enabled good harvests.‎ ‎【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 43. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究表明园丁可以利用植物的生物钟来减少除草剂的使用量。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“pesticides and herbicides ”可知，杀虫剂和除草剂在杀死害虫和除去杂草的同时还对蜜蜂等重要授粉昆虫产生影响，会导致它们数量的减少，由此可知画线词词义为“归咎于”，故B项正确。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores(气孔) are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour.”及“The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at ‎ dusk.”可知，许多园丁已经知道，植物在早晨喝更多的水，因为它们的毛孔是开放的，可以吸收清晨的露水和水蒸气，开放的毛孔也可能是化学物质在黎明和黄昏时更有效的原因，由此可知，在清晨使用除草剂的原因是植物上更大的毛孔使除草剂更有效地发挥作用，故C项正确。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“that applying herbicides and pesticides late in the day would be better”可知，过去人们认为是在白天晚些时候使用除草剂和杀虫剂会更好，由此可知，许多园丁过去常常在错误的时间喷洒除草剂，故D项正确。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究表明园丁可以利用植物的生物钟来减少除草剂的使用量，故B项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，研究发现类说明文一般开篇即点明主题，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段“Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds(杂草）killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究表明园丁可以利用植物的生物钟来减少除草剂的使用量，故B项正确。‎ Section C Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ Every Little Bit Counts?‎ One of the weapons in the fight against poverty is microcredit also called microlending). Microcredit is the practice of giving very small, short-term loans to poor people.________44________ The loans help the borrowers start or upgrade small businesses. Microcredit organizations assume that poor people can lift themselves out of poverty if they only have access to standard financial services.‎ Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit.________45________ Borrowers often have no steady job no other property, and no one to co-sign on the loan - common requirements for getting a loan elsewhere. Grameen Bank promotes credit as a human right, and with a 98% repayment rate, it seems to have helped its borrowers improve their lives and made a profit through interest in the meantime.‎ Successes like Grameen Bank and others caused governments and NGOs to rush to fund microcredit operations. How wonderful to imagine that the cure for poverty could be profitable! However, recent studies question how effective microcredit really is. Critics say that poor people with enoughentrepreneurial(创业的) drive to get a loan would have succeeded anyway. Those without the drive don't end up in better circumstances after paying back loans，which aren’t always used for businesses. ________46________ And though microcredit is described as a way to empower women，some say the loans aren’t causing any measurable improvement in women’s lives.‎ The ideas behind microcredit are uplifting: that all humans are filled with potentials and that one small bit of assistance can help a whole family live better. ________47________ Time and close study will tell if microcredit is really the miracle it appears to be.‎ A. They also say that without a basic education, poor borrowers aren't equipped to manage the businesses they create. ‎ B. In general, the loans are 100 USD or less, usually paid back within six months. ‎ C. Borrowers need to provide the credit history, which the lenders will use as the criteria when evaluating a loan. ‎ D. They may, however, ignore systematic causes of large-scale poverty. ‎ E. Most microcredit agencies are struggling as the vast majority of loans are not paid back. ‎ F. It has given out more than eight billion dollars in loans to people who could never borrow money otherwise.‎ ‎【答案】44. B 45. F ‎ ‎46. A 47. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了小额信贷的历史以及利与弊。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 空前说小额信贷是向穷人提供非常小的短期贷款的做法，接下来是对这一句的解释说明，故B项（一般来说，贷款额在100美元或以下，通常在六个月内还清）符合语境。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 空前说格拉明银行成立于1976年，是小额信贷的先驱，此处承接上文，讲的是格拉明银行为小额信贷所做的贡献，F项中的It指代的就是Grameen Bank，故F项（它已经向那些再也借不到钱的人发放了80多亿美元的贷款）符合语境。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 空前说那些没有动力的人在偿还贷款后的境况并不会更好，因为贷款并不总是用于企业，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于这些人的想法或做法，故A项（他们还说，没有基础教育，贫穷的借贷者就没有能力管理他们创建的企业）符合语境。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 空前说小额信贷背后的想法令人振奋：所有人都充满了潜力，一点小小的帮助就能帮助整个家庭生活得更好，空后又说时间和深入的研究将告诉我们，小额信贷是否真的是一个奇迹，这说明此处应该会体现出小额信贷存在的问题，故D项（然而，它们可能忽视大规模贫困的系统性原因）符合语境。‎ ‎【点睛】在六选四的解题过程中，被选选项中出现的代词与上文出现的某一名词之间的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第2题，根据空前的“Grameen Bank, started as a project in 1976, is a pioneer of microcredit”可知，格拉明银行成立于1976年，是小额信贷的先驱，此处承接上文，讲的是格拉明银行为小额信贷所做的贡献，F项中的It指代的就是前面出现的Grameen Bank，故F项（它已经向那些再也借不到钱的人发放了80多亿美元的贷款）符合语境。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎48.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ Even without ‘assigned’ seating, it is a little surprising how many people always choose the same seat in a classroom or auditorium. Or the same table in a restaurant. After close observation, psychologists believe they have figured out the reason for this behavior.‎ In one such study, Marco Costa, a psychologist at the University of Bologna in Italy selected two lecture halls for a sample of 47 and 31 students. Costa purposefully chose rooms where there were more seats than students so that they had more freedom to choose where to sit. He set up hidden cameras to record how the students chose ‎ their seats over a period of four weeks. As suspected, most students picked the same scat over and over. But why?‎ Costa calls this habit ''territoriality(领域感).M The word often makes us think of gangs protecting their territory or wolf packs(群) fighting off other packs to control a certain area. In other words, territoriality usually suggests aggression and defense. However, Costa as well as another psychologist, Professor Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, believes that this seat-choosing behavior is designed to keep the peace. “Most of the time，most people claim a space and others quietly agree to it, ” Gifford explained.‎ The phenomenon of classroom seating selection perhaps shows an even deeper truth. Life can be messy and unpredictable. The reason students go to school is to study. Going to class and knowing where you will sit is just one less thing to distract a student from this greater purpose. In short, sitting in the same place sets students up for a psychologically more comfortable learning environment and makes it easier for them to concentrate on the lecture at hand.‎ ‎【答案】Psychologists are trying to explain why people tend to choose the same seat. A one-month-long study observed students’ seating behavior and found most students chose the same seats despite having more choices. Psychologists call this seat-choosing habit ,territoriality,. Though it suggests aggression, it actually increases peaceful interaction. Besides, choosing the same seat can reduce psychological stress. (56)‎ After observing the seating behavior of two groups of students for one month, Costa the psychologist confirmed the phenomenon of seating selection existed. Calling it "territoriality”，Costa thinks it helps maintain peace by clarifying space among people. Besides, it relieves people of the burden to choose where to sit, thus psychologically enabling concentration and ease of mind. (57)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括在观察两组学生一个月的就座行为后，心理学家科斯塔证实了座位选择存在的现象——“领土主义”，并且他认为这有助于通过澄清人们之间的空间来维护和平，它还减轻了人们选择坐在哪里的负担，从而在心理上使人们能够集中注意力和放松心情，注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。‎ ‎【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。‎ ‎2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。‎ ‎3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。‎ ‎4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。‎ V. Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎49. 新的路标似乎杜绝了可能发生的交通事故。（seem)‎ ‎50. 七十周年阅兵式壮观的景象将永远铭刻在我的脑海里。（impress)‎ ‎51. 由某些如软塑料或金属等材料制成的容器，不适合用微波炉加热食物，这是 常识。（It)‎ ‎52. 不管我们多么强烈地不认同他人观点，尊重其表达的权利和宽容他们的想法 是学校应该鼓励和提倡的价值观。（no matter)‎ ‎【答案】49. The new road sign seemed/seems to be preventing/stop possible car accidents (from happening) ‎ ‎50. The grand sight of the 70 anniversary military parade will be forever impressed on my mind. ‎ ‎51. It is common sense that containers made of/from certain materials, such as soft plastic or metal, are not appropriate for heating up food in the microwave. ‎ ‎52. No matter how strongly we (may) disagree with others’ viewpoints，respect for their right to express themselves and tolerance for/of their ideas are the values schools should encourage and promote.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查翻译句子，注意按括号内的提示词翻译。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查固定句式。seem to do表示“似乎、好像”，并没有明显的时间状语，既可用一般现在时，也可用一般过去时，注意主语为new road sign，使用一般现在时时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故翻译为：The new road sign seemed/seems to be preventing/stop possible car ‎ accidents (from happening)‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查impress的用法。be impressed on one's mind表示“铭记于心/脑海”，语境表明用一般将来时，故翻译为：The grand sight of the 70 anniversary military parade will be forever impressed on my mind.‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查形式主语和同位语从句。be made of/from表示“由……制成”，根据提示词可知本句用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的同位语从句，解释说明common sense的内容，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is common sense that containers made of/from certain materials, such as soft plastic or metal, are not appropriate for heating up food in the microwave.‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查让步状语从句和非谓语动词。根据句意可知本句使用No matter how引导让步状语从句，表示“不管怎样、无论如何”，disagree with表示“不认同”，respect for表示“尊重”，right后用不定式作后置定语，表示“……的权利”，故翻译为：No matter how strongly we (may) disagree with others’ viewpoints，respect for their right to express themselves and tolerance for/of their ideas are the values schools should encourage and promote.‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎53.Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 最近，在一本英文旅游杂志上刊登了国际空间站(TSS-- International Space Station)将在2020年对游客开放的信息（见下表)。如果有可能（具备足够的时间和金钱)，你是否会去争取成为第一批游客。请谈谈你的理由。‎ Information About the Trip to ISS Number of visitors 2 every year Length of stay 30 days (at most)‎ Cost $ 27000 per night (stay)‎ ‎$ 40 million (transport)‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】I am extremely excited to read the news in a travel magazine that the International Space Station will be open to tourists in 2020, and I can't wait to be one of the first space tourists.‎ First of all, I have been interested in aerospace since I was very young. Being an astronaut is my childhood dream. Since given such an opportunity, I have no reason to give up this precious opportunity to realize my dream Secondly, I always enjoy trying new things. I will take space travel as a challenge, which will give me a sense of achievement.‎ Lastly, it's obvious that many people are afraid to have a try because they are worried about the safety of space travel. As I have absolute confidence in today's space technology, I don't think it's necessary to worry about it. ‎ In a word, I'm ready for a space tour.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是开放性作文，要求就你是否想成为第一批去太空旅游的游客谈谈理由。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求就你是否想成为第一批去太空旅游的游客谈谈理由：最近，在一本英文旅游杂志上刊登了国际空间站(TSS-- International Space Station)将在2020年对游客开放的信息（见下表)。如果有可能（具备足够的时间和金钱)，你是否会去争取成为第一批游客。请谈谈你的理由。时态应为一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； International Space Station（国际空间站），space travel（太空旅游），astronaut（宇航员），aerospace（航空航天）， realize（实现）及technology（技术）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be interested in（对……感兴趣），can't wait to do（迫不及待要做……），give up (放弃)，be open to（对……开放），hava confidence in（对……有信心），take…as…（把……视为……）以及be ready for（准备好……），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“I will take space travel as a challenge, which will give me a sense of achievement.”，状语从句“Since given such an opportunity, I have no reason to give up this precious opportunity to realize my dream”，同位语从句“I am extremely excited to read the news in a travel magazine that the International Space Station will be open to tourists in 2020”，形式主语“Lastly, it's obvious that many people are afraid to have a try because they are worried about the safety of space travel.”，非谓语动词“Being an astronaut is my childhood dream.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎ ‎ ‎