上海市崇明区2021届高三一模英语试题（含听力） Word版含解析 36页

崇明区 2021 届第一次高考模拟考试试卷 英语 （考试时间 120 分钟，满分 140 分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When was the original boarding time? A. At 5:50 p.m. B. At 5:40 p.m. C. At 6:30 p.m. D. At 7:20 p.m. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Excuse me. Do you have any information about Northeast flight? W: Yes, the flight is delayed by 50 minutes. Boarding is now at 6:30 p.m. Q: When was the original boarding time? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a bank. B. In a cinema. C. In a snack bar. D. In a grocery store. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: See that guy over there in the corner? He comes in every day and just sits there for hours. W: It’s odd, but there is not much we can do as long as he orders something to eat or drink. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man imply? A. The coffee used to taste better. B. He’d rather drink something different. C. The coffee tastes the same as before. D. He’s surprised the woman drinks coffee. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Oh, coffee in this restaurant has really improved. They must have changed suppliers. M: Really? You can taste a difference? Q: What does the man imply? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will the speakers most probably do then? A. Look for more information. B. Ask for more time to finish their plan. C. Leave their plan unfinished. D. Finish their plan with the material available. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I don’t think we’ve got enough information for our plan. But as it’s due tomorrow, I guess there isn’t much we can do about it. M: At this point, we’ll just have to make do with what we have got. Q: What will the speakers most probably do then? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man imply the woman should do next year? A. Stay in the dormitory. B. Ask for a cut in her rent. C. Move into an apartment. D. Pay more attention to her privacy. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy. M: I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first. Q: What does the man imply the woman should do next year? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean? A. The man saw Emma wearing the sweater. B. The sweater is very common. C. She seldom borrows clothes from Emma. D. She did wear the sweater yesterday. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Your sweater is so unusual, but it looks familiar. Did I see you wearing it yesterday? W: Well, not me. The sweater belongs to my roommate Emma. She’s in your chemistry class. Q: What does the woman mean? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. The people to attend the meeting. B. The procedures for the meeting. C. The time to hold the meeting. D. The place for the meeting. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I think we should hold our first meeting in the library now. So far, eight of us plan to come. M: Oh, if there weren’t more than four, my office could be a good choice. But now I have to take your suggestion. Q: What are the speakers mainly discussing? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. The concert has already begun. B. The woman needn’t go to the box office. C. He’s already got a ticket for the woman. D. The newspaper has no information on the tickets. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m heading over to the theatre box office to get the tickets for the weekend concert before they’re all gone. M: But from what I’ve read in the newspaper, you’re already too late. Q: What does the man mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean? A. She will drive John’s car to the airport. B. John can give her a ride to the airport. C. She has cancelled her flight on Tuesday. D. John can attend the meeting on Tuesday. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I know I promised to drive you to the airport next Tuesday. But they’ve called a special meeting. W: No big deal. John said he would be available as a substitute. Q: What does the woman mean? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man imply? A. He went to see the dentist a week ago. B. The woman’s toothache will go away by itself. C. The dentist was fully occupied last week. D. The woman should have seen the dentist by now. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: This toothache is killing me! I was hoping it would just go away but it’s getting worse. What did you say the name of your dentist was? M: I told you last week to make that appointment. Q: What does the man imply? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. A dance teacher. B. A TV program. C. A ballet company. D. A summer camp. 12. Which group of people is one of the targets of the program? A. Dance teachers. B. Poor young people. C. Talented dancers. D. Creative young people. 13. What can be gained from the program? A. Training skills. B. Learning methods. C. Self-confidence. D. Financial knowledge. 【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C 【解析】 【原文】Anna is in the eighth grade. This summer, she took part in a summer dance program called AileyCamp. It was created in 1989 in Kansas City, Missouri by a world-famous dancer and director, Alvin Ailey. About 1,000 students in 10 U.S. states take part in AileyCamp every year. It’s a free, six-week program aimed at young people in financial need or who have school, social or family difficulties. In addition to dance, the camp introduces students to visual arts, creative writing and other communication skills. It also teaches them how to eat well, solve conflicts and become leaders. When the camp is over, the city’s professional ballet company offers 10 students a full-tuition scholarship for a year of training. The scholarship can be renewed. Kameron Davis received one of those scholarships when he was a young man. He trained with the ballet company for three years. Then he became a dance teacher. Davis said he does not think his mother could have paid for dance classes without the scholarship. Davis said children at school made fun of him when he began dancing. AileyCamp, he said, offered him a safe place and increased his confidence. Today, he enjoys giving back to the program by helping new campers build their confidence, too. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What is the passage mainly about? A. Lego’s plan to rent bricks out. B. Lego’s plan to produce less complex sets. C. Lego’s plan to invest in a new field. D. Lego’s plan to develop sustainable materials. 15. What’s the big problem Lego may meet with in carrying out the plan? A. Dealing with lost bricks. B. Finding enough raw materials. C. Reducing carbon emissions. D. Employing suitable technicians. 16. What can be learned about Lego’s plan? A. It’s complex and unrealistic. B. It can appeal to more children. C. It’s eco-friendly but challenging. D. It can promote non-plastic bricks. 【答案】14. A 15. A 16. C 【解析】 【原 文】Lego, the Danish toymaker, has promised to make all of its bricks from sustainable sources by 2030. Now, it is considering a brick rental plan in order to cut down on plastic waste. Tim Brooks, vice-president of the company, said it was “totally open” to the idea of a product rental plan. But he also thought that lost pieces could give rise to a big problem. He admitted that there were some “technical barriers”. For example, some Lego sets are extremely complex, many of which contain thousands of pieces. “What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again?” Brooks added. “There’s a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done. We’re right at the beginning of that.” Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. It produces 19 billion pieces per year—36,000 a minute—that are mostly made of plastic. The company reportedly emits around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year. About three-quarters come from raw materials that go into factories. Lego has already invested more than 100 million pounds to research and develop non-plastic materials. The company introduced its first plant-based bricks in 2018. But as for the brick rental plan, Lego admits that the idea is still in the testing stage. It’s now waiting to see how the plan develops. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What are the two speakers mainly discussing? A. A suitable location for a party. B. The safety rules for swimming. C. A good means of swimming safely. D. The activities for the birthday party. 18. What makes the man disagree to hold the party at the beach? A. Aggressive swimmers. B. Lack of lifeguards. C. Uninteresting activities. D. Potential bad weather. 19. What might the speakers remind their friends before and at the party? A. To bring some alcohol. B. Not to swim alone. C. To spend longer in water. D. Not to eat before swimming. 20. What can be concluded from the conversation? A. Swimming can be totally safe with full consideration. B. The man gives priority to safety when making plans. C. The party will be cancelled due to certain factors. D. The woman is better at swimming than the man. 【答案】17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Since we’ve decided to go swimming to celebrate your birthday, shall we go to the beach? We can swim and play beach volleyball. It would be so much fun! M: Yes, but there can be scary tides. W: Relax, Tim. We’ll swim in an area protected by lifeguards. M: That’s good. But what if a typhoon is coming? That will make conditions at the beach very dangerous. W: We’ll check the weather report on the day of the party. If there’s a typhoon, we’ll postpone the party or have an alternative plan. M: Then why don’t we go to a lake instead? We can swim and have a barbecue. It would be safer. W: Not necessarily. You know, not all lakes are safe for swimming. We need to check the currents, and be sure the water isn’t too cold. We should also be alert to afternoon thunderstorms. M: That’s a lot to worry about. Let’s go to a swimming pool and have a safe poolside party. W: Well, swimming pools aren’t completely safe. Accidents can also happen if people are too aggressive in the water. M: That’s true. Thankfully, we won’t have any alcohol at the party. Swimming is extremely dangerous when you’ve been drinking. W: It is. We also have to remind our friends not to stay in the water for too long. And everyone needs a swimming partner. M: You’re right. They’re important to remember wherever we swim. W: No place is completely safe. But if we choose carefully and follow the water safety guidelines, we can have a fun party. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Geography Makes a Silent Return In many ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of students ___21___ (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true. Before the internet, the world was a mysterious place. In many cases, people didn’t really know ___22___ existed a few miles from home. Studying geography offered people a way to learn about the world. Geography, ___23___ (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. In the days before satellites, mapmaking required years of dangerous and difficult work. But mapping also meant a chance at adventure and fame. Geography became the subject of explorers. People were eager to hear about the new things and places ___24___ geographers had studied. National Geographic is a great example of this interest. For more than a hundred years, the magazine’s stories and pictures ___25___ (tell) people about our exciting world. Technology has changed the way people think about geography. Travel is now easy. The internet makes information simple ___26___ (find). We trust our phones to take us ___27___ we want to go. Even National Geographic has expanded beyond traditional geography, but that doesn’t mean geography has become ___28___ (important). While some apps are obvious examples of modern geography in action, geography remains important in more subtle (不易察觉的) ways, too. Geography, which helps house hunters, solves public health issues, and determines good locations for new businesses,___29___ (use) to plan communities as well. Like traditional geographers, modern geographers study many different topics. That makes them well-suited for many different jobs and industries. Today, geographers often have titles like “urban planner” or “data analyst”. And the world is noticing ___30___ number of graduates with degrees in geography is also growing. Maybe it’s time for you to discover the forgotten science again. 【答案】21. labelling / labeling 22. what 23. defined 24. that / which 25. have told / have been telling 26. to find 27. where / wherever 28. less important 29. is used 30. the 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在许多方面，地理是一门被遗忘的科学，但在互联网出现之 前，世界是一个神秘的地方，学习地理为人们了解世界提供了一条途径。除此之外，地理还 在许多方面发挥着重要的作用。所以世界上越来越多人和组织重视地理的作用，学习和研究 地理的人数也增加了，这表示地理正在默默地回归。 【21 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至“地理”这个词也会让人联想到学生在社会研究课上给地图贴 标签。分析句子可知谓语动词为 tends to，所以动词 label(贴标签)应使用非谓语动词形式作 宾补，与 label 逻辑主语 students 之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词表主动，label 的现在分 词为 labeling/labelling，故填 labeling/labelling。 【22 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：在很多情况下，人们并不真正知道离家几英里的地方有什么。分析句 子结构可知此处包含一个宾语从句，且从句缺少主语，由句意可知是“什么”存在于离家几 公里外，所以应用 what 引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填 what。 【23 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学被定义为对地球的研究，一直以来都把重点放在地图上。分 析句子可知谓语动词为 has had，所以 define 应使用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知 define 和逻辑主语 Geography 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，结合介词 as 可知此处是固定搭配 defined as 表示“被定义为”，故填 defined。 【24 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：人们渴望听到地理学家研究过的新事物和新地方。分析句子结构可知 此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为 the new things and places(新事物和新地方)，指事物，所 以应使用 that 或 which 引导该从句，代替先行词作从句的宾语，故填 that/which。 【25 题详解】 考查时态。句意：一百多年来，杂志的故事和图片一直在向人们讲述我们这个激动人心的世 界。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语，结合状语 For more than a hundred years(一百 多年来)及句意可知应使用现在完成时(have/has done)或现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)，表示动作“一直”进行，主语 the magazine’s stories and pictures(杂志的故事和图片) 为复数，故填 have told / have been telling。 【26 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网使信息易于查找。分析句子结构可知谓语为 makes，所以 find 应用非谓语动词形式，make sth. + adj.+ to do 可视为固定结构，意为“让某事做起来......”。 故填 to find。 【27 题详解】 考查地点状语从句。句意：我们相信我们的手机可以将我们带到我们想去的任何地方。分析 句子结合句子可知此处包含一个地点状语从句，所以应使用 where 或 wherever 引导该从句， 故填 where / wherever。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：《国家地理》甚至也已超越了传统地理学，但这并不意味着地理 学已变得不那么重要。根据句意“《国家地理》甚至也已超越了传统地理学”以及 but 表示 的转折关系可知，此处应表示这不意味着传统地理学不那么重要，形容词使用比较级形式， “不那么重要”表达为 less important。故填 less important。 【29 题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：地理，帮助寻找房屋，解决公共卫生问题，确定新企业的好地点，也 被用来规划社区。根据 as well(和，也)可知这是一个并列复合句，动词 use(使用，用于)与主 语 which 之间为被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动结构 be done，由语境以及 helps 可知时态为 一般现在时，故填 is used。 【30 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：全世界都注意到，拥有地理专业学位的毕业生人数也在增加。根据句意可 知，此处考查短语 the number of“……的数量”。故填 the。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. customary B. distinguish C. elimination D. equally E. exhaust F. fierce G. focus H. glory I. happily J. junior K. notable A Tennis Tournament (锦标赛) with Tradition Today, July 2nd kicks off tennis’s major event: The Championships, Wimbledon, more commonly known as just Wimbledon. Held in London at the All England Club, it is the oldest tennis tournament in the world. Over its long history, the tournament has developed traditions which help to ___31___ it among sports events. During the tournament, players must follow a dress code and compete wearing all-white clothing. This allows the competitors to stand out ___32___ among those dressed in the tennis club’s official colors of dark green and purple. Wimbledon’s most ___33___ tradition, however, is that all matches are played on outdoor grass courts. In fact, Wimbledon is the only major tennis tournament still played on grass. Several of the courts at the All England Club are only used for two weeks a year, during the championships. For Wimbledon players, it’s the honor of a lifetime to play the game they love on the tennis world’s center stage. In addition to the ___34___ and recognition for the winners is the annually increasing prize money the champions take home. Wimbledon consists of five main events with several ___35___ events and invitation events. Men and women, or gentlemen and ladies as they’re called at Wimbledon, compete in singles and doubles matches. There is also mixed doubles, where one man and one woman make up a team. Events are mostly single ___36___ tournaments. Only the gentlemen’s, senior gentlemen’s and ladies’ invitation doubles are round-robin (循环赛) tournaments. During the 14 days of ___37___ competition, nearly 500,000 people will attend the event, including members of the royal family. On occasion this has included the Prince of Wales and Her majesty the Queen. One of Wimbledon’s past traditions required players to bow toward the tournament’s honored guests. Some players still ___38___ observe the tradition even though the players are no longer required to do so. As the players compete, the tennis fans also participate in another tournament tradition by consuming the ___39___ strawberries and cream. With the tennis world’s ____40____ now set on Wimbledon, don’t miss the opportunity to catch this much-loved sporting event. 【答案】31. B 32. D 33. K 34. H 35. J 36. C 37. F 38. I 39. A 40. G 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统的网球比赛——温布尔登锦标赛，呼吁抓住观看这个备受 喜爱的体育赛事的机会。 【31 题详解】 考查动词。句意：在其漫长的历史中，这项比赛形成了有助于将其与其他体育项目区分开来 的传统。根据 help to 可知此处要用动词，distinguish“区分”符合题意。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查副词。句意：这使得参赛者在那些身着网球俱乐部官方颜色的深绿色和紫色的选手中同 样脱颖而出。根据 stand out 可知此处要用副词，equally“同样地”符合题意。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：不过，温布尔登最引人注目的传统是，所有比赛都在室外草地球场进行。 根据 tradition 可知此处要用形容词，且由 Wimbledon’s most 可知是形容词的最高级， notable“显著的，引人注目的”符合题意。故选 K。 【34 题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了对获奖者的荣誉和认可外，冠军还将获得每年递增的奖金。根据冠词 the 和 and recognition 可知此处要用名词，glory“荣誉”符合题意。故选 H。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：温布尔登网球公开赛由五个主要项目组成，包括一些初级项目和邀请赛。 根据 events 可知此处要用形容词，junior“初级的”符合题意。故选 J。 【36 题详解】 考查名词。句意：比赛项目大多是单人淘汰赛。根据 single 可知此处要用名词，elimination “淘 汰”符合题意。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在为期 14 天的激烈比赛中，包括王室成员在内的近 50 万人将参加这一 盛事。根据 competition 可知此处要用形容词，根据“nearly 500,000 people will attend the event”可知，fierce“激烈的”符合题意。故选 F。 【38 题详解】 考查副词。句意：有些球员仍然愉快地遵守传统，即使球员不再被要求这样做。根据 observe 可知此处要用副词，happily“快乐地，愉快地”符合题意。故选 I。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当运动员们在比赛时，网球迷们也参加了另一项比赛传统，即食用传统 的草莓和奶油。根据 strawberries and cream 可知此处要用形容词，customary“通常的，习惯 的”符合题意。故选 A。 【40 题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着网球世界的焦点现在都集中在温布尔登，不要错过抓住这个备受喜爱 的体育赛事的机会。根据 the tennis world’s 可知此处要用名词， focus“焦点”符合题意。 故选 G。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general ___41___ trend in the number of accidents per departure. Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) ___42___. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to ___43___. Here are two of them. Teach people to speak up—and to listen A common error during airplane accidents used to be the ___44___ of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went ___45___. All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the ___46___ not just of the cockpit (机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a ___47___ issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer ___48___ to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement. The lesson isn’t simply that people lower down in the ___49___ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace ___50___ isn’t hardwired in our personality or cultural background; it’s a skill we can learn. Learn from small failures and close calls In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, it’s a point of ___51___ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can ___52___, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter, Callback. Here, too, there is a ___53___ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might ___54___ in our system. Mistakes shouldn’t be ___55___. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn. 41. A. similar B. steady C. long-term D. downward 42. A. example B. exception C. symbol D. alternative 43. A. assessment B. management C. competition D. contribution 44. A. failure B. effort C. pressure D. convenience 45. A. predictable B. imaginary C. unchecked D. unforgiven 46. A. performance B. structure C. culture D. standard 47. A. team B. state C. side D. policy 48. A. immoral B. unrewarding C. disrespectful D. inconvenient 49. A. age B. position C. salary D. attractiveness 50. A. excitement B. discomfort C. respect D. disagreement 51. A. pride B. sacrifice C. entertainment D. literacy 52. A. create B. afford C. analyze D. access 53. A. broader B. clearer C. more bitter D. more costly 54. A. break out B. go wrong C. take shape D. slow down 55. A. obstacles B. failures C. experiments D. secrets 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。在美国，自 2013 年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故。事实上，几十年来， 事故数量总体呈下降趋势。在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法，文章 主要介绍了其中两个航空领域的管理办法。 【41 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次起飞的事故数量总体呈下降趋势。A. similar 相似的；B. steady 稳定的；C. long-term 长期的；D. downward 向下的、下降的。结合 上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”可知，在美国，自 2013 年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故，说明航空事故呈下降趋 势。故选 D。 【42 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。A. example 例子；B. exception 例外；C. symbol 标志；D. alternative 选择。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”以及“Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation seems to be an”可知，美 国的航空自 2013 年以来没有人死于航空事故，说明虽然复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商 业航空似乎是个例外。故选 B。 【43 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法。A. assessment 评价；B. management 管理；C. competition 竞争；D. contribution 贡献。结合后文 提 到 的 “All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM).”可知后文主要说明的是两个航空业的管理办法。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出 质疑。A. failure 失败；B. effort 努力；C. pressure 压力；D. convenience 方便。结合前后文语 境“A common error during airplane accidents used to be the … of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions.”可知，飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定 提出质疑，be the failure of sb.此处理解为某人未能做成某事。故选 A。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被挑战，他的错误没有得到遏制。 A. predictable 可预测的；B. imaginary 虚构的；C. unchecked 未经检查的；D. unforgiven 不可 饶恕的。结合上文“When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went”可知，以前的机长在飞机上拥有绝对权威，因此他的错误很难得到遏制，go unchecked 此处表示“放任不管”。故选 C。 【46 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目不仅彻底改变了驾驶舱文化，也改变了整个行业的文化。 A. performance 表演；B. structure 结构；C. culture 文化；D. standard 标准。结合后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”提到了机组人员地位更加平等，可知该项目改变了驾驶 舱的文化。故选 C。 【47 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加 平等的地位。A. team 队伍；B. state 州；C. side 方面；D. policy 政策。根据后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”可知该项目将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组 人员处于更加平等的地位。故选 A。 【48 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重，而是必需的。A. immoral 不道 德的；B. unrewarding 无报酬的；C. disrespectful 无礼的；D. inconvenient 不方便的。结合后 文“to question the decisions of a superior”以及常识，质疑上级的决定是不尊重的表现。故 选 C。 【49 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个教训并不简单地告诉我们，职位较低的人应该大声发言，高 层应该倾听。A. age 年龄；B. position 职位，位置；C. salary 工资；D. attractiveness 吸引力。 结合后文“should speak up and higher-ups should listen”可知此处指飞机上高低职位的人。故 选 B。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达和接受不同意见的能力并不是我们的个性或文化背景所固有 的，这是一种我们可以学习的技能。A. excitement 激动；B. discomfort 不安；C. respect 尊重； D. disagreement 不 同 意 。 对 应 上 文 中 “And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.”指接受不同意见。故选 D。 【51 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了为错误获得豁免权，飞行员提交 ASRS 报告也是一件值得骄 傲的事。A. pride 自豪；B. sacrifice 牺牲；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. literacy 读写能力。结合 后文“They know the reports make air travel safer.”可知飞行员认为提交 ASRS 报告也是一件 值得骄傲的事，因为这让飞行更安全。故选 A。 【52 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家 航空航天局在其每月通讯《回叫》中强调了安全趋势。A. create 创造；B. afford 买得起；C. analyze 分析；D. access 访问，接近。结合上文“The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can”可知指任何人都可以访问数据库应用 access。故选 D。 【53 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里也有一个更广泛的教训。A. broader 更广泛的；B. clearer 更清楚的；C. more bitter 更苦涩的；D. more costly 更昂贵的。结合后文提到的错误不应该是 秘密，而是可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，可推知这其中蕴含了一个更为广泛的经验教训。 故选 A。 【54 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。 A. break out 爆发；B. go wrong 出毛病；C. take shape 形成；D. slow down 减速。结合上文 “Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might”可知小错误和 差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。go wrong 表示“出错，出毛病”符 合语境。故选 B。 【55 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：错误不应该是秘密。A. obstacles 障碍；B. failures 失败；C. experiments 实验；D. secrets 秘密。根据后文“By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.”可知通过公开地分享失败和濒临失败 的故事，我们可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，所以错误不应该是秘密。故选 D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Disneyland’s opening day, July 17, 1955, was a terrible experience. Rides broke down. Restaurants ran out of food and drink and drinking fountains were in short supply… All in front of a national audience of 90 million, then the largest live broadcast in television history on a day that would be known in Disney history as Black Sunday. But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees. He thought he could do better. In 1939 he asked two animators (动画片制作者) at his movie studio to work on a plan for an amusement park. By 1952 the idea had expanded into a $1.5 million amusement park proposal that he presented to Burbank. The City Council, which feared such a project would create a carnival (嘉年华) atmosphere, rejected the proposal. Disney counted the rejection as a fortunate setback. By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank. He searched locations throughout Southern California. A 160-acre orange garden, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon selected. The ABC television network offered $5 million in loans and investments if Disney agreed to produce and host a one-hour weekly show called "Disneyland". The deal amounted to months of free advertising for the park and allowed Disney to introduce TV audiences, particularly kids, to the park. Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. Over sixty years later, Disneyland’s popularity continues to grow, with total overall attendance topping 700 million and showing no signs of slowing down. 56. What mainly led to Walt Disney’s plan to build his own amusement park? A. His ambition to expand beyond the movie industry. B. His animators’ suggestion on an entertainment plan. C. His wish to create a better place for family recreation. D. His daughters’ unpleasant experience in the Griffith Park. 57. By "Disney counted the rejection as a fortunate setback"in paragraph 3, the author means the rejection _____. A. brought good luck to Disney and his park B. contributed to the difficulty of opening the park C. was viewed as a financial obstacle to the design of the park D. presented Disney with a favorable opportunity to rethink his plan 58. What can be learned about Disneyland from the passage? A. Everything went on smoothly before it opened. B. It spent $5 million on advertising for its opening. C. People’s enthusiasm for it increased despite criticism. D. Only invited guests could get into it on its opening day. 59. Which is the best title for the passage? A. Disneyland: How It All Began B. Disneyland: An Overnight Success C. Disneyland: How It Developed D. Disneyland: A Park with a Long History 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. C 59. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要叙述了迪士尼建造发展迪士尼公园的历程和辉煌的成功。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中句子“ On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.”（20 世纪 30 年代和 40 年代的周六，迪斯尼会带着他的两个女儿去格里菲斯公园(Griffith Park)玩旋转木 马时，他坐在长椅上梦想着可以和家人一起开心玩的方法。但是迪士尼不喜欢他们经常去的 游乐园，认为它们是由粗鲁的员工经营的肮脏、缺乏想象力的地方。）和第三段第一句“He thought he could do better. ”（他认为他能做得更好。）可知，迪士尼带着女儿们在其他游乐园 的不愉快的经历使迪士尼想出了建造公园的主意，希望能为家庭创造一个更好的娱乐场所。 故选 C 项。 【57 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank.”（到目前为止，他对主题公园的梦想已经超出了伯班克现有的 空间。）可知，在市议会拒绝了迪士尼的提议后，他并没有因此放弃，而是更大胆的想象自 己的主题公园，可推测，这次拒绝给了迪斯尼一个重新考虑他的计划的好机会。故选 D 项。 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中句子“ After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. But the public didn’t listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.”（在疯狂的开幕日之后，迪斯尼和他的新公园受到了 媒体的批评。但公众不听。大批游客蜂拥而至，迪斯尼乐园在几周内就大获成功。）可知， 尽管受到了批评，人们对它的热情还是高涨了起来。故选 C 项。 【59 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中句子“But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". ”（但实际上，迪士尼的故事始于 20 年前沃尔 特·迪士尼所谓的“爸爸节”。）和倒数第二段第一句“Disneyland opened then.”迪士尼开业了可 知，整篇文章都在写迪士尼是如何开始并建成的故事。所以短文的最佳标题为“迪士尼乐园: 一切是如何开始的”。故选 A 项。 (B) TV VOICE PRO AIR $299 USD Hearing Specialists Develop New Ultra-Lightweight (超轻的) TV Listening Earbuds (耳塞): At just Half an Ounce, they Weigh 90% Less than Traditional TV Headphones! HAVING TROUBLE HEARING THE TV CLEARLY? Get ready to clarify TV dialogue like never before, with our new Ultra-Lightweight Wireless TV Listening Technology. Big and heavy TV headphones are now a thing of the past, thanks to Hearing Specialists who have developed new ultra-lightweight wireless TV earbuds, which enable the wearer to hear the speech and dialogue on any TV show with clarity. The unique speech clarification audio works for those with any level of hearing loss, and has been proven to outperform even the most advanced digital hearing aids for TV clarity. TV VOICE PRO AUTOMATICALLY CLARIFIES TELEVISION DIALOGUE Revolutionary TV speech enhancement technology made simple Speech enhancement technique based upon clinical hearing assessments of over 1,000 people with varying levels of hearing loss and proven TV listening difficulty Connects to any TV in under 2 minutes FEATURES WITH THE TV VOICE PRO AIR SYSTEM Listen at your own volume without altering the TV audio for others in the room Uses state-of-the-art Bluetooth technology for uninterrupted listening up to 35 feet from your TV. Simple volume control located on the earphones, with additional loud volume range to suit those with even severe hearing loss. Sit back, lie down, or move around. So comfortable to use, you can watch TV any way you like. Is guaranteed to work with any TV, new or old. As a special offer, Readers Digest readers can use Gift Voucher (礼券) Code READERSDIGEST at the TV Voice Pro website checkout for $50 OFF the purchase price, and free shipping available until December 31, 2020. Visit www.TvVoicePro.com to order online or over the phone on 415 277-2026. 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE 60. TV VOICE PRO AIR is aimed at _____. A. TV designers B. people with hearing difficulty C. hearing specialists D. wearers of digital hearing aids 61. According to the advertisement, TV VOICE PRO AIR enables the wearer to _____. A. enjoy TV even over 35 feet from his/her house B. improve his/her hearing ability in daily life C. listen to TV clearly at whatever volume D. watch more TV programs 62. What can be learned about TV VOICE PRO AIR from the advertisement? A. You can get a refund within 30 days if dissatisfied with it. B. You need to pay $50 for its shipping if you buy it in 2021. C. You can get a discount as long as you use Gift Voucher Code. D. You need to place a special order for it if you have severe hearing loss. 【答案】60. B 61. C 62. A 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款名为 TV VOICE PRO AIR 的耳机，可以帮助有听力障碍 的人听清电视节目中的讲话和对话。介绍了其产品特色和功能等情况。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“Speech enhancement technique based upon clinical hearing assessments of over 1,000 people with varying levels of hearing loss and proven TV listening difficulty(根据 对超过 1000 名不同程度的听力损失者进行临床听力评估，并证明了电视听力的困难性，采 用了语音增强技术)”以及“Simple volume control located on the earphones, with additional loud volume range to suit those with even severe hearing loss.(耳机里有简单的音量控制，以及 额外大声的音量范围，以适应那些甚至听力严重受损的人)”可推知，TV VOICE PRO AIR 针对的是有听力障碍的人。故选 B。 【61 题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Big and heavy TV headphones are now a thing of the past, thanks to Hearing Specialists who have developed new ultra-lightweight wireless TV earbuds, which enable the wearer to hear the speech and dialogue on any TV show with clarity. The unique speech clarification audio works for those with any level of hearing loss, and has been proven to outperform even the most advanced digital hearing aids for TV clarity.(现在又大又重的电视耳机 已经成为过去，这要归功于听力专家们研发出了一种新型的超轻无线电视耳机，它能让佩戴 者在任何电视节目中听到清晰的讲话和对话。独特的语音清晰度音频适用于任何程度的听力 损失者，并已被证明甚至优于最先进的数字助听器的电视清晰度)”可知，广告中说，TV VOICE PRO AIR 能让佩戴者在任何音量下都能清晰地收听电视。故选 C。 【62 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE(30 天退款保证)” 可知，如果不满意 TV VOICE PRO AIR 产品，30 天内可以退款。故选 A。 (C) A new study suggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition. More than 400,000 Apple Watch users volunteered for the study. It was a project of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Apple, the American technology company, provided money for the study. Results were recently presented at a major conference on heart health in New Orleans, Louisiana. The researchers looked for signs of atrial fibrillation, also called “a-fib”, the most common form of irregular heartbeat. Some people with a-fib feel changes in their heartbeat, while others do not. Because of this, many people do not know they have the condition. People with untreated a-fib are about five times more likely to suffer a stroke. In the United States, a-fib causes an estimated 130,000 deaths and 750,000 hospitalizations each year. People taking part in the study wore the Apple Watch for extended periods. The devices contain an app that continuously gathers information without users having to do anything. It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat. The researchers said that out of those taking part, about 2,000 subjects received a warning from the device that they might have a problem. Those individuals were then asked to contact a doctor, who decided whether they should receive more close watch for a possible irregular heartbeat. Lloyd Minor, head of Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future. “This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said. But some health researchers warned against making any general judgements based on the Apple-financed study. They have called for much more research to measure the effectiveness of wearable devices to identify signs of disease. Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said. Other experts agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended. 63. What does the new study mainly find out? A. Apple Watch can warn of heart problems. B. Apple Watch can protect people against a-fib. C. Abnormal heart rates can cause a stroke. D. Heart problems can be identified and cured. 64. Apple Watch identifies irregular heartbeats by _____. A. measuring the wearer’s heart rates B. sending information to the wearer through an app C. extending the time of wearing it D. monitoring the wearer’s bloodstream 65. Which of the following might be what Lloyd Minor means in his statement? A. It’s difficult for doctors to predict and prevent disease now. B. A-fib is just one example of a condition that causes heart problems. C. Wearable technologies might identify and treat any disease one day. D. There are more possibilities of development in wearable technology. 66. It can be concluded from the passage that _____. A. wearable technologies are developing fast but shouldn’t be applied to medicine B. the study results are inspiring but more proofs are needed to ensure the accuracy C. the study is sponsored by a commercial company so the results are a little unfair D. device-based health observation systems are convenient and should be widely used 【答案】63. A 64. D 65. D 66. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，苹果手表能够识别与严重心脏疾病有关的异常心率。 文章介绍了这项研究的开展过程，苹果手表能够识别不规则心跳的技术原理以及专家对此的 看法。 【63 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study suggests the Apple Watch was able to identify abnormal heart rates that could be linked to a serious heart condition.(一项新的研究表明，苹果手表能够识 别可能与严重心脏疾病有关的异常心率)”可知，这项新研究发现苹果手表可以警告心脏问 题。故选 A。 【64 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“It uses the watch’s light sensor technology to measure blood flow. The system is designed to identify changes that might show an irregular heartbeat.(它使用手表的 光传感器技术来检测血流。该系统被设计用来识别可能显示不规则心跳的变化)”可知，苹 果手表通过监测佩戴者的血流来识别不规则的心跳。故选 D。 【65 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Lloyd Minor, head of Stanford’s School of Medicine, said in a statement that the results show great promise in using technology to create “more predictive and preventive health care”. Doctor Minor added that a-fib is just one example of a condition devices can help identify in the future. “This study opens the door to further research into wearable technologies and how they might be used to prevent disease before it strikes,” he said.(斯坦福大 学医学院院长 Lloyd Minor 在一份声明中表示，研究结果显示，利用科技创造“更具预见性 和预防性的医疗保健”具有巨大前景。迈纳博士补充说，心房纤颤只是未来设备可以帮助识 别病情的一个例子。他说:“这项研究为进一步研究可穿戴技术，以及如何利用它们预防疾 病打开了大门。”)”可知，Lloyd Minor 的声明的意思是可穿戴技术发展有更多的可能性。 故选 D。 【66 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Richard Kovacs, who was with the American College of Cardiology and was not involved with the study, told the Associated Press that despite the results, the Apple Watch system “is not perfect.” He noted that since the study did not have a comparison group getting regular ECG measurements, there is no way of knowing if the device missed heartbeat problems. This could give users a false sense of security, he said.( 美国心脏病学会的 Richard Kovacs 没有参与这项研究，他告诉美联社，尽管有这些结果，苹果手表系统“并不 完美”。他指出，由于该研究没有让对照组定期进行心电图测量，因此无法知道设备是否漏 掉了心跳问题。他说，这可能会给用户一种虚假的安全感)”以及最后一段“Other experts agreed that more studies are needed before similar device-based health observation systems are widely recommended.(其他专家一致认为，在广泛推荐类似的基于设备的健康观察系统之前， 还需要进行更多的研究)”可推知，研究结果令人鼓舞，但需要更多的证据来确保准确性。 故选 B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Sculpture with a Life of Its Own There is a new type of animal that has been walking along the beaches since the 1990s. They are called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beach beast. _____67_____ They are creations of Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can move themselves using nothing more than the power of the wind. Jansen has even created a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizing bottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching! The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs. ____68____ Jansen’s kinetic sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like (像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach. _____69_____ He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms. _____70_____ There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, they all have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art! A. But these beasts are mainly made of plastic tubes. B. Jansen’s designs also work with heavier structures. C. Kinetic art isn’t just about making large sculptures move. D. His “Strandbeests” walk along the coastline of Holland, feeding on wind and fleeing from water. E. These moving sculptures aren’t that common, especially since it takes a lot of time to plan and build them. F. His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without human interaction. 【答案】67. A 68. F 69. B 70. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为 Strandbeest的作品，可以借助风力在海滩上移动， 他们是荷兰艺术家 Theo Jansen 的创作。文章介绍了这种作品的一些特色以及 Jansen 对这一 作品的一些看法。 【67 题详解】 根 据 上 文 “They are called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beach beast.( 它 们 被 称 为 Strandbeest，在荷兰语中是海滩野兽的意思)”以及后文“They are creations of Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can move themselves using nothing more than the power of the wind.(它们 是荷兰艺术家 Theo Jansen 的作品，仅靠风力就能自行移动)”可知，上文提到了 Strandbeest 这种作品，后文则提到了它的作家等情况，可推知本句与后文并列，也是在介绍 Strandbeest 的信息，且 A 选项中 beasts 对应上文中 beach beast。故 A 选项“但是这些野兽主要是由塑 料管制成的”符合语境，故选 A。 【68 题详解】 根据上文“The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs.(这些创造物的 美妙之处在于它们没有电子部件，但它们有一个基本的逻辑系统，帮助它们在它们的栖息地 行走。Jansen 的作品看起来很有活力，因为它们在坚硬的沙地上以稳定、均匀的动作移动。 每年，他都改进他的设计)”可知，上文提到了 Jansen 创作的这种作品的特色，且 Jansen 每 年都在改进设计，可推知本句承接上文继续说明 Jansen 对他作品的一些看法，及期望。F 选项中 he 指代上文 Jansen。故 F 选项“他希望有一天他能创造出一群在海滩上‘生活’的 野兽，不需要人类互动就能生存”符合语境，故选 F。 【69 题详解】 根据后文“He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms.(他创造了一个名为 Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus 的怪兽，由 木头制成，重达 250 公斤)”可知，后文提到 Jansen 用木头制作作品，可推知他的作品也适 用于较重的材质。故 B 选项“Jansen 的设计也适用于较重的结构”符合语境，故选 B。 【70 题详解】 根据后文“There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, they all have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art!(有许多艺术家使用动作来创造壮观的 视觉效果。有些是大的作品，但许多可以放在桌子上或挂在墙上。然而，他们都有一个共同 点：你无法欣赏他们的艺术性，除非你看到他们移动。Jansen 还出售他的一些动物的迷你版 本。它们装在盒子里，不需要任何特殊工具就可以组装起来。你也可以尝试亲手创造动态艺 术！)”可知，后文提到了其他艺术家创作的作品可以放在桌子上或挂在墙上，但是无法让 人欣赏他们的艺术性，以及文章最后一句提到了创造动态艺术，可推知，本句作为本段主旨 句，总起后文，指出动态艺术不仅仅是让大型雕塑移动，且后文中kinetic art与C选项中kinetic art 相对应。故 C 选项“动态艺术不仅仅是让大型雕塑移动”符合语境，故选 C。 IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Train Your Brain When was the last time something important slipped your mind? Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice. When students want to prepare for a test, they often try to study by simply reading over the material again, copying notes, etc. But these methods of remembering are not always effective. People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. One great way to do this is to test yourself on the material. Come up with questions about the topic, and try to answer them without looking at your notes. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways. For example, you could write your own outline or study guide. The more you use the information, the more likely you are to remember it. My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The same goes for remembering information. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it. A psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, made an important discovery about memory and forgetting. He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern. They forget the most information shortly after learning it. The rate at which they forget then slows down over time. Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more. So it is essential to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them. Over time, you can review them less and less frequently. Applying these strategies will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you learn whenever you need it. 【答案】Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the learning. (49 words) 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，如果训练和练习得当，你的记忆力会提高。首先，不要被 动地接受你所学的东西，而是积极地、频繁地以各种方式使用它，这有助于你更好地记住它。 其次，每次花更少的时间复习，但要更频繁地复习。最后，在学习后很快复习。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Fortunately, memory can be improved. People’s ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practice. ②People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways. ③My music instructor said that it’s better to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it. ④Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of it—which means they remember more. 2.缜密构思 将第 1 个要点进行总说，将第 2、3、4 三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the learning. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Your memory can improve if properly trained and practiced. (运用了一个 状语从句的省略对原文第一段进行了概括) [高分句型 2] Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. (运用了主从复合句对原文第二段进行了 概括，其中运用了 what 引导宾语从句和 which 引导非限制性定语从句) V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 足不出户，你就可以在网上逛遍全球各大博物馆。(without)(汉译英) 【答案】You can visit all the major museums around the world online without even leaving your home. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。分析汉语句意可知，本句需用 you“你”作主语，谓语动词 为 can visit“能参观”，其后接宾语 all the major museums“各大博物馆”，around the world 全 球，作状语，online 网上，作地点状语， without 没有，其后接动名词作宾语，leaving your home 足不出户，动名词作介词 without 的宾语，even 加强语气，句首单词首字母需大写。 再结合其它提示。故翻译为 You can visit all the major museums around the world online without even leaving your home. 73. 多亏了社会各界人士的慷慨解囊，这个孤儿院才得以在今年年初办了起来。(found) (汉 译英) 【答案】Thanks to the generous donation made by people from all walks of life, the orphanage was founded early this year. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态语态和非谓语动词。根据句意“多亏了”可知短语为 thanks to； 表示“社会各界人士”短语为 all walks of life；表示“慷慨解囊”短语为 the generous donation，后跟过去分词短语作后置定语；表示“孤儿院”应用单数名词 orphanage 作主语， 表示“建立，创办”应用动词 found 作谓语，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，事情发生在 过去，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故翻译为 Thanks to the generous donation made by people from all walks of life, the orphanage was founded early this year. 74. 消防队员们不仅营救了事故现场的工人，还成功阻止了有毒气体的蔓延。(Not only) (汉 译英) 【答案】Not only did the firefighters save the workers at the scene of the accident, but also they successfully prevented the poisonous gas from spreading. 【解析】 【详解】考查连词，倒装和时态。根据汉语提示可知，本句需用并列连词 not only…but also…“不但......而且......”，not only 引导并列句置于句首时用部分倒装，因为表示过去发 生的事情，所以此处需用助动词 did，其后接主语 the firefighters“消防队员”， save “营 救”，作谓语，at the scene of the accident“在事故现场”，介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词 workers（save 的宾语）；but also 连接的并列句的主语是 they，指代消防队员，谓语动词为 prevented，该词相关短语 prevent…from doing sth.“阻止......做某事......”；successfully“成 功地”，副词作状语修饰动词 prevented，the poisonous gas“有毒气体”，作 prevented 的宾 语，介词 from 后需接 spread“蔓延”的动名词形式作宾语。再结合其他汉语提示，故答案 为 Not only did the firefighters save the workers at the scene of the accident, but also they successfully prevented the poisonous gas from spreading. 75. 各国应基于大会上所达成的共识，加强全球合作，共同应对人类面临的挑战。(base) (汉 译英) 【答案】All the countries should boost global cooperation to jointly address the challenges facing mankind, based on the agreement reached at the conference. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和过去分词。表达“加强”应用动词 boost；表达“全球合作”应用名 词 global cooperation，做宾语；表达“共同应对人类面临的挑战”应用动词不定式，to jointly address the challenges facing mankind，表目的；表达“基于”应用过去分词，based on，作状语。 故 翻 译 为 All the countries should boost global cooperation to jointly address the challenges facing mankind, based on the agreement reached at the conference。 VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环保意识，你打算在学校运动 会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。为此，你向校长写一封申 请信，内容包括： 社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等； 需要学校给予的支持。 注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。 【答案】One possible version Dear Mr. Lee, I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association. In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it. As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics. The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m. For the success of this activity, we need some supports from school. First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days. Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support. Best wishes. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours, LiHua. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是中华中学的环保社团团长王敏，为了提升学校师生的环 保意识，你打算在学校运动会期间，开展一次“减塑”社团活动，倡导全校师生减少塑料污染。 要求考生根据要求，向校长写一封开展本次活动的申请信。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 社团活动的主题、目的、时间、地点等； 需要学校给予的支持。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） president; the Environment Protection Association; in order to; raise the awareness of; ; decide; apply for ; permission ; support; As we know; plastics; damage; contribute to; urgency; cut down ; success; First; posters; Besides; funds; protester; prepare; consider; request ; offer. 第三步：连词成句 1.I am Wangmin ,the president of the Environment Protection Association. 2.In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it. 3.As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics. 4.The “Less Plastics” activity will be help during our sports meeting days along the school path on the left side of the school playground from 10a.m. to 12a.m. 5.For the success of this activity, we need some support from school. 6.First, we want to have some posters written the information about this activity on the school walls in these days. 7.Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. 8.I am hoping that you could consider my request for holding the activity and offer us the needy support. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表举例说明关系：First, Besides. 2.表并列补充关系：Additionally, moreover. (供参考) 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but. (供参考) 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result(供参考) 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型 1] In order to raise the awareness of protecting the environment among the teachers and students in our school, our association has decided to hold a “Less Plastics” activity during the sports meeting, so I am writing to apply for the permission and support for it. (使用 so 引导结果状语从句。) [高分句型 2] As we know, using plastics has made great damages to our environment, which contributes to the urgency of improving the awareness of cutting down the usage of plastics.. (使 用 which 引导定语从句。) [高分句型 3] Besides, we still need 200yuan funds because we plan to make an environment protection protester and prepare some markers. (使用 because 引导原因状语从句。)