【英语】山东省菏泽市2020届高三一模英语试题（解析版） 21页

山东省菏泽市2020届高三一模英语试题 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A Best Wine Club Gifts Here are the best wine club gifts that you can give to yourself or your beloved ones this month.‎ Vinebox Club: for the person that’s scared of commitment To get started with Vinebox, you’ll just take a quiz on your favorite flavors and tastes. Then Vinebox will select 3 or 6 different brands of wines and send them straight to your door. Enjoy their surprise!‎ Cost: $ ‎27 a box ‎ Winc Choice: for the new wine drinker Just note that when you’re gifting a Winc subscription, the gift receiver isn’t going to get a box. Instead, it will be a Winc gift card that offers him a variety of choices.‎ Cost: You choose the amount that you want to gift.‎ Cellars Wine Club: for the picky wine drinker From international to local wines, and all the way from sweets to 90+ point offerings, there’s an amazing wine club out there. For lovers of sweet wines, its Sweet Club series, which offers sweeter wines, like moscato d’asti and rieslings, is perfect.‎ Cost: $29-$‎79 a month.‎ Blend (混酿酒) Club: for the on-the-go wine drinker You can choose between a red blend, a white blend, a rosé blend, or all three in their variety pack subscription.‎ Cost: Get the first 3 blends at only $27 for subscription, or $12 per blend.‎ ‎1. What is special about Winc Choice?‎ A. It offers a variety of colorful sweet wines.‎ B. It only sells wines to the registered members.‎ C. The gift receiver will get a card to choose his favorite wines.‎ D. The gift receiver needs to take a test on his favorite flavors.‎ ‎2. How much will you pay if you just buy a white blend?‎ A. $9. B. $12.‎ C. $27. D. $39.‎ ‎3. Which club requires its customers to make monthly subscriptions?‎ A. Vinebox Club. B. Cellars Wine Club.‎ C. Blend Club. D. Winc Choice.‎ B It is a well accepted assumption that students come to colleges to get good grades and that they are usually too busy to do anything else. ‎ But Connie Snyder Mick, an academic director of the Center for Social Concerns at the University of Notre Dame, says it is just half of the truth. There are many volunteering centers like hers at the colleges and universities in the United States. Mick says these centers help students seek an experience that may not be directly related to a student’s academic progress, but that is still important. ‎ Volunteering is not uncommon in higher education. Many college groups organize volunteer events for different causes. Officials in charge of student housing often organize such events to help build a sense of community. Participation in these kinds of activities is good for students, Mick says. For example, the busy nature of college life can create a lot of stress for students. Doing something completely unrelated to a student’s studies can help calm them by putting their mind on other things. ‎ For a more meaningful addition to their college experience. Mick urges students to visit centers like the one she heads. She says these centers exist to create volunteer opportunities that are more complex and meaningful than just a day spent cleaning a local park or raising money, for example. ‎ Such volunteering centers often partner with local organizations that serve the people of the nearby communities. Even for students with little interest in building a connection with the local communities, there is still value in what volunteer centers have to offer, Mick says. She notes some opportunities can push students to use what they are learning in the classroom out in the real ‎ world and having that kind of experience can make a student appealing to employers in the years to come.‎ ‎4. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Academic progress.‎ B. College education.‎ C. Volunteering experience.‎ D. Center for Social Concerns.‎ ‎5. What is the housing officials’ main purpose in organizing those events?‎ A. To give students good part-time jobs.‎ B. To raise money for different celebrations.‎ C. To help build a closer bond among the students.‎ D. To improve the living conditions for the students.‎ ‎6. How can these centers’ activities benefit the students according to Mick?‎ A. By helping them focus on their study.‎ B. By offering chances to test their knowledge.‎ C. By protecting them from the local communities.‎ D. By increasing their competitiveness in the job market.‎ ‎7. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Colorful College Life in the USA B. Guidelines for Volunteering Center Selection C Volunteering: a Meaningful Addition to College Life D. A Valuable Platform: Mick’s Center for Social Concerns C A research paper recently reported that the Chinese paddlefish (中华鲟) — one of the world’s largest freshwater fish — has been declared extinct.‎ Scientists say the Chinese paddlefish and its close relatives have been around for at least 200 million years. The species, reaching up to seven meters in length, survived unimaginable changes, such as the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs. But there’s one phenomenon this ancient species, sometimes called the “panda of the Yangtze”, could not survive humans.‎ Their huge size and plentiful flesh made them a popular target for fishermen and a welcome ‎ addition to inner tables in China. In the 1970s, 25 tons of paddlefish were harvested per year on average. ‎ But the construction of the Gezhouba Dam on the Yangtze forever changed the Yangtze River habitat of paddlefish, because it was constructed without a fish ladder or sideway and cut off the paddlefish from their only breeding (繁殖) grounds upstream. Populations of the fish continued to decrease after the completion of the dam in 1981, but nobody had yet figured out how terrible the situation was. As is often the case, there can be a significant delay between major disturbances and their consequence. The researchers say the fish had become functionally extinct by 1993, meaning there were not enough fish to meaningfully reproduce.‎ Pan Wenjing is an ocean expert with Greenpeace East Asia. She told The Associated Press the extinction of the Chinese paddlefish was “a huge loss” for nature. She said the development confirms that the Yangtze River is experiencing major environmental damage.‎ ‎“The ecosystem of the Yangtze River is close to its breaking point due to human activity in past decades.” Pan said. “The paddlefish’s extinction should serve as a wake-up call to protect other freshwater species. Moving forward, we need to balance the needs of humans with the needs of life in rivers and seas. Humans should not live alone on this planet.”‎ ‎8. What can we say about the Chinese paddlefish?‎ A. It is the largest fish.‎ B. It appeared earlier than dinosaurs.‎ C. It is a kind of ancient fish.‎ D. It was a welcome dish for the fishermen.‎ ‎9. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?‎ A. The design problems of the Gezhouba Dam.‎ B. The worsening ecosystem in the Yangtze River.‎ C. The population development of the Chinese paddlefish.‎ D. The main reason for the dying out of the Chinese paddlefish.‎ ‎10. How does Pan Wenjing feel about the extinction of the Chinese paddlefish?‎ A. Angry. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Worried. D. Unconcerned.‎ ‎11. In which section of The Associated Press may this text most probably appear?‎ A. Environment. B. Science.‎ C. Culture. D. Tourism D Thousands of teenagers face rising lack of sleep and the number of admissions to hospitals has been increasing over the past six years. Rating it just behind obesity (肥胖症), anxiety and mental health, experts have described it the fourth hidden health disaster for teenagers.‎ Data from NHS Digital show that admissions with sleep disorders among those aged 19 and under have risen from ‎605,200 in 2013 to ‎940,290 in 2019, although sleep disorders in the other age groups have fallen noticeably at the same period of time. Mandy Gurney from Millpond Sleep Clinic, a private children’s sleep clinic in London, said that there was a 30% rise in sleep-related disorders among teenagers last year. ‎ ‎“It is a very worrying increase, especially if this rate keeps going up,” Gurney said. She added that prescriptions for melatonin, a hormone (荷尔蒙) the body produces naturally in reaction to darkness and helps prepare us for sleep, had also risen. “We feel that the rise in sleep problems is very much based on anxiety — school pressure, peer pressure and, in particular, social media addiction.”‎ Vicki Dawson, founder of the Children’s Sleep Charity, said her organization was flooded by families’ calls seeking help. She said the rise in sleep disorders was partly due to the blue light from screens that suppresses the production of melatonin. “We are increasingly seeing families where both parents are out working, which means that traditional bedtime routines may be rushed or abandoned all together,” she said. “More often than not, children are left to the company of screens.”‎ ‎12. What can we learn from Mandy Gurney’s words?‎ A. Melatonin is an effective cure for sleep disorders.‎ B. Sleep problems are becoming the most serious health crisis.‎ C. It is the social media that lead to the sleep disorders among the students.‎ D She is particularly concerned about the fast rise of sleep disorders among teenagers.‎ ‎13. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “suppresses” in paragraph 4?‎ A. Multiply. B. Changes.‎ C. Reduces. D. Monitors.‎ ‎14. Where can you find the data that best support “sleep disorders are on the rise among teenagers”?‎ A. In paragraph 1. B. In paragraph 2.‎ C. In paragraph 3. D. In paragraph 4.‎ ‎15. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The serious consequences of lack of sleep.‎ B. The measures to improve school children’s sleep.‎ C. The relationship between screen time and mental health.‎ D. The sleep problem among the teenagers and the causes.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ New Virus Details Show Challenge for Outbreak Control At first, scientists were relieved that the new virus, COVID-19, wasn’t as dangerous as those that caused SARS. Ebola or some other recent infectious diseases.____16____. Here are some of the challenges.‎ Multiplying infections According to the existing data, the infection rate for SARS is 3 while the ordinary flu’s infection rate is about 1.1. Now, based on the first 425 confirmed COVID-19 cases, each infection led to 2.2 more infections on average.____17____. Yet we don’t know whether the new virus is weakening or is still learning what it can do.‎ Varying incubation periods (潜伏期)‎ Scientists estimated the average incubation period was roughly five days but said it could last up to two weeks.____18____. People can move away from where they got it and not even remember places where they may have been exposed. ‎ Spreading in stealth Another big worry is that one person with no symptoms can also infect others. On Thursday, scientists reported that a woman who was not ill at the time spread the virus to a man in Germany during a business trip there.____19____.‎ Testing gaps ‎____20____. At present, a few types of test kits (工具包) have been developed. But they are not accurate enough. Scientists are not sure how many false alarms or missed cases each might give at any point in time. That leaves a key gap.‎ Although scientists are still faced with so many challenges, they are confident that the new virus will be put under control soon.‎ A. More testing equipment should be provided at once B. It’s still a struggle to determine who is or is not infected C. Such a long potential incubation period can be a problem D. The rate is a bit lower than SARS but much higher than ordinary flu E. That is a very low infection rate compared with that of SARS and Ebola F. Then he infected several other coworkers before showing any symptoms G. However, new details show how challenging it could be to control this outbreak 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Vanessa Bryant made her first public comment Wednesday since the helicopter crash that killed her husband Kobe Bryant and one of their daughters.‎ ‎“We are completely devastated (摧毁) by the____21____loss of my adoring husband, Kobe-the amazing father of our children; and my beautiful, sweet Gianna — a loving, thoughtful and wonderful daughter, and amazing____22____to Natalia, Bianka and Capri,” Vanessa Bryant wrote. ‎ The Bryants would have____23____their 19th wedding anniversary this April. They had four daughters including Natalia, Bianka, Capri and the 13-year-old Gianna who died in the crash. ‎ ‎“There aren’t____24____words to describe our pain right now,” Vanessa Bryant wrote. “I take____25____in knowing that Kobe and Gigi both knew that they were so deeply loved. We were so fortunate to have them in our____26____. I wish they were here with us____27____. They were our beautiful blessings____28____from us too soon.”‎ ‎“I’m not sure what our lives hold____29____today, and it’s impossible to_____30_____life without them,” Vanessa Bryant continued, “But we wake up each day,_____31_____to go ahead ‎ because Kobe, and our baby girl, Gigi, are shining on us to_____32_____the way. Our love for them is_____33_____. I just wish I could hug them, kiss them and have them here with us right now.”‎ There has been no_____34_____on funeral or memorial plans yet for Kobe and Gianna Bryant. Vanessa Bryant asked for continued_____35_____of her family’s privacy as it is “going through this new reality”.‎ ‎21. A. gradual B. eventual C. obvious D. sudden ‎22. A. sister B. mother C. wife D. daughter ‎23. A. congratulated B. celebrated C. prepared D. attended ‎24. A. natural B. special C. enough D. satisfactory ‎25. A. comfort B. pride C. delight D. interest ‎26. A. dreams B. lives C. houses D. pictures ‎27. A. ever B. forever C. yet D. sometimes ‎28. A. divided B. freed C. taken D. kept ‎29. A. before B. until C. through D. beyond ‎30. A. balance B. save C. imagine D. survive ‎31. A. trying B. forgetting C. regretting D. pretending ‎32. A. block B. shelter C. construct D. light ‎33. A. limited B. endless C. complex D. poisonous ‎34. A. advertisement B. guidance C. expression D. announcement ‎35. A. service B. help C. respect D. approach 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Bullying (霸凌) among elementary, middle and high school students has become____36____increasingly talked-about subject in Japan, with many parents and educators____37____(struggle) to find the best way to deal with the problem. ‎ ‎____38____(deal) with the bullying in schools, a bully insurance company, Yell, was set up in Tokyo.‎ Japan. Parents____39____want to buy bully insurance can consult with its lawyers, free____40____charge, if they feel____41____(they) children are faced with the threat of being ‎ bullied.‎ Bully insurance____42____(cost) 2,640 yen a month. Medical fees____43____(cover), both for injuries the child have suffered at the hands of a bully, and for injuries caused by the child’s fighting back. ‎ While still others may hold that the best way to deal with bullying is a swift fist in the face, the Japanese____44____(general) don’t go for violent problem-solving methods, and it is likely that Yell’s service is going to be a very _____45_____(attract) solution to the Japanese parents. ‎ What do you think? Please send your comments to us.‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（满分15分）‎ ‎46.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Eric来信询问你的近况。请你给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 简要介绍近况，如受到新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）影响，如何做好居家防疫或“宅”家上网课的情形等；‎ ‎2. 谈谈真实的感受。‎ 注意：‎ l. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 开头和结束语已为你写好。‎ Dear Eric,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ Growing up, we didn’t have much money. Actually, we had very little. We lived in a small ‎ house with holes in the floor. We wore old clothes and had little food. With three little mouths to feed, my daddy worked as a gatekeeper in a middle school and then farmed our own small field until dark. Daddy provided the best he could for us and mama made our clothes on her old sewing machine. We could have easily applied for welfare, but my parents wouldn’t think of it. Our family was full of love and proud of hard work ‎ Then I was in the third grade, in Mrs. Harper’s class. One day, Mrs. Harper brought a huge box of toys to school to give to “poor” children. Everyone was invited to bring some of his or her own toys from home to put in the box. Needless to say. I had hardly any toys of my own to offer. ‎ My eyes got big the next day when I looked into that box. It was like a dream world to me — so many colorful toys! Clearly, Mrs. Harper saw the curious look on my face, and although I never asked with a smile, she let me pick out two toys for myself from the box. I was so thankful and thought that I was the luckiest girl in the whole world!‎ When I got home. I couldn’t wait to show mama what I brought from the school. She admired the toys and asked where I got them. I told her about the box for the poor children and that Mrs. Harper had let me pick two toys from the box！Mama thought for a few seconds and said in a very sweet way, “No…no, You can’t keep these two toys.”‎ Paragraph 1:‎ Mama explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children. _______________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2: ‎ Mrs. Harper said she understood what mama meant. ________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案解析】‎ 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一则广告。文章主要介绍了四个富有特色的酒庄。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Winc Choice: for the new wine drinker中的Instead, it will be a Winc gift card that offers him a variety of choices.可知，相反，这将是一张Winc礼品卡，为他提供多种选择。由此可知，收受礼物的人有机会自己挑酒。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Blend (混酿酒) Club: for the on-the-go wine drinker中的Cost: Get the first 3 blends at only $27 for subscription, or $12 per blend.可知，费用：以27美元的价格购买前三种混酿酒，或者每一种混酿酒12美元。由此可知，如果你仅买一瓶混合白葡萄酒，你需要支付12美元。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Cellars Wine Club: for the picky wine drinker中的Cost: $29-$‎79 a month.可知，费用：每月29到79美元。由此可知，Cellars Wine Club要求顾客按月订购。故选B。‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。圣母大学社会问题中心的学术主任康妮·施耐德·米克介绍了美国大学中的各类志愿者中心对学生成长的重要性并鼓励学生们积极参与志愿者活动。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句Mick says these centers help students seek an experience that may not be directly related to a student’s academic progress, but that is still important.可知，米克说，这些中心帮助学生寻求一种体验，这种体验可能与学生的学业进步没有直接关系，但那仍然很重要。由此可知，that指代的是“通过志愿活动中心获得的体验”。故选C。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Officials in charge of student housing often organize such ‎ events to help build a sense of community.可知，负责学生宿舍的官员经常组织这样的活动来帮助建立社区意识。由此可知，宿管人员希望借助这些志愿活动增强学生之间的联系。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的She notes some opportunities can push students to use what they are learning in the classroom out in the real world and having that kind of experience can make a student appealing to employers in the years to come.可知，她指出，一些机会可以促使学生将课堂上学到的知识运用到现实世界中，拥有这样的经验可以让学生在未来吸引雇主。由此可知，这些活动有助于提高学生的就业竞争力。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，圣母大学社会问题中心的学术主任康妮·施耐德·米克介绍了美国大学中的各类志愿者中心对学生成长的重要性并鼓励学生们积极参与志愿者活动。由此可知，C. Volunteering: a Meaningful Addition to College Life(志愿活动：大学生活中有意义的一部分)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了素有“长江熊猫”之称的中华鲟灭绝的原因。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Scientists say the Chinese paddlefish and its close relatives have been around for at least 200 million years.可知，科学家说中国白鲟和它的近亲已经存在了至少2亿年。以及But there’s one phenomenon this ancient species, sometimes called the “panda of the Yangtze”, could not survive humans.可知，但是有一种现象，这种古老的物种，有时被称为“长江熊猫”，无法在人类的生活中存活下来。由此可知，中华鲟是一个古老的物种。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。阅读第四段内容可知，本段介绍了导致中华鲟最终灭绝的主要原因：葛洲坝阻断了中华鲟的迁徙之路，导致其无法正常繁殖。故选D。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The paddlefish’s extinction should serve as a wake-up call ‎ to protect other freshwater species. Moving forward, we need to balance the needs of humans with the needs of life in rivers and seas. Humans should not live alone on this planet.可知，白鲟的灭绝应该为保护其他淡水物种敲响警钟。向前迈进，我们需要平衡人类的需要与河流和海洋的生命的需要。人类不应该独自生活在这个星球上。由此可推断，Pan Wenjing对中国白鲟的灭绝感到担忧。故选C。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要聚焦于“人为的环境破坏导致中华鲟的灭绝”。由此可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在美联社的环境版面。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude, indicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题，根据最后一段中的The paddlefish’s extinction should serve as a wake-up call to protect other freshwater species. Moving forward, we need to balance the needs of humans with the needs of life in rivers and seas. Humans should not live alone on this planet.可知，白鲟的灭绝应该为保护其他淡水物种敲响警钟。向前迈进，我们需要平衡人类的需要与河流和海洋的生命的需要。人类不应该独自生活在这个星球上。由此可推断，Pan Wenjing对中国白鲟的灭绝感到担忧。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年中普遍存在的睡眠障碍及原因。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It is a very worrying increase, especially if this rate keeps going up,” Gurney said.可知，“这是一个非常令人担忧的增长，尤其是如果这个比率继续上升，”Gurney说。由此可知，Mandy Gurney特别担心的是睡眠障碍在青少年中蔓延的速度。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的She added that prescriptions for melatonin, a hormone (荷尔蒙) the body produces naturally in reaction to darkness and helps prepare us for sleep, had also ‎ risen.可知，她补充说，褪黑素的处方数量也有所增加。褪黑素是人体对黑暗做出自然反应时产生的一种激素，有助于我们入睡。及第四段中的She said the rise in sleep disorders was partly due to the blue light from screens that suppresses the production of melatonin.可知，她说，睡眠障碍增加的部分原因是屏幕发出的蓝光suppresses了褪黑素的分泌。可推断，睡眠障碍是由于褪黑素的分泌受到了屏幕蓝光的抑制而导致的。由此可知，划线词意为“抑制，减少”。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Data from NHS Digital show that admissions with sleep disorders among those aged 19 and under have risen from ‎605,200 in 2013 to ‎940,290 in 2019, although sleep disorders in the other age groups have fallen noticeably at the same period of time.(英国国家医疗服务系统的数据显示，19岁及以下的青少年因睡眠障碍入院的人数从2013年的605200人增加到2019年的940290人，而其他年龄段的睡眠障碍人数同期明显下降)可知，在第二段可以找到支持“睡眠障碍正呈上升趋势”的数据。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了儿童睡眠缺乏症普遍存在的现象及原因。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】做词义猜测题时利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。尤其是抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容推断划线词义。本题第2小题，根据第三段中的She added that prescriptions for melatonin, a hormone (荷尔蒙) the body produces naturally in reaction to darkness and helps prepare us for sleep, had also risen.可知，她补充说，褪黑素的处方数量也有所增加。褪黑素是人体对黑暗做出自然反应时产生的一种激素，有助于我们入睡。及第四段中的She said the rise in sleep disorders was partly due to the blue light from screens that suppresses the production of melatonin.可知，她说，睡眠障碍增加的部分原因是屏幕发出的蓝光suppresses了褪黑素的分泌。可推断，睡眠障碍是由于褪黑素的分泌受到了屏幕蓝光的抑制而导致的。由此可知，划线词意为“抑制，减少”。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. D 18. C 19. F 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新型冠状病毒疫情难于防控的原因。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据全文标题及空前“一开始，我们感到宽慰的是，新型冠状病毒并不像那些引起SARS、埃博拉或其他近期爆发的传染病病毒那样危险”可推断，下文很可能会出现转折，由此可知，G项“然而，新披露的细节却表明控制这次病毒的爆发可能十分困难”符合题意。故选G。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 通过比较SARS、普通流感及新型冠状病毒的传染率可推断，由此可知，D项“这个传染比率比非典略小，但又远高于普通流感”符合题意。故选D。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据空前“科学家估计平均潜伏期约为5天，但可能持续长达两周”可知，C项“如此长的潜伏期是个大问题”符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据本小节的标题及上文“周四，科学家报告说，一名当时没有患病的女性在德国出差期间将病毒传染给了一名男性”可知，F项“然后在出现症状前，他又传染了几个同事”符合题意。故选F。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 本节主要介绍目前新病毒检测中存在的困难，如测试结果不可靠导致误报及漏报，由此可知，B项“确定一个人是否被感染还有困难”适合作本段主题句。故选B。‎ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ ‎【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。瓦妮莎·布莱恩特在文中表达了对丈夫科比及女儿吉安娜的无限哀思。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“突然失去我敬爱的丈夫科比——我们孩子的了不起的父亲，我们感到非常悲痛；还有我美丽、甜美的Gianna——一个可爱、体贴、很棒的女儿，也是Natalia、Bianka和Capri的好妹妹，”瓦妮莎-布莱恩特写道。A. gradual逐渐的；B. eventual最后的；C. obvious显而易见的；D. sudden突然的。听到丈夫科比及女儿吉安娜直升机失事的死讯时，身为妻子及母亲的布莱恩特当然会感到很突然（sudden）。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“突然失去我敬爱的丈夫科比——我们孩子的了不起的父亲，我们感到非常悲痛；还有我美丽、甜美的Gianna——一个可爱、体贴、很棒的女儿，也是Natalia、Bianka和Capri的好妹妹，”瓦妮莎-布莱恩特写道。A. sister姐妹；B. mother母亲；C. wife妻子；D. daughter女儿。根据下文They had four daughters including Natalia, Bianka, Capri and the13-year-old Gianna who died in the crash.可知，Gianna是她们的姐妹（sister）。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年4月，布莱恩特夫妇将庆祝他们结婚19周年纪念日。A. congratulated祝贺；B. celebrated庆祝；C. prepared准备；D. attended参加。科比夫妇原本计划在四月庆祝（celebrated）他们第十九个结婚纪念日。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“没有足够的语言来描述我们现在的痛苦，” 瓦妮莎-布莱恩特写道。A. natural自然的；B. special特殊的；C. enough足够的；D. satisfactory满意的。此时没有足够的（enough）语言可以描述她一家人心中的痛苦。故选C。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很欣慰的知道科比和吉吉都知道他们是如此的深爱。A. comfort欣慰，舒适；B. pride自豪；C. delight高兴；D. interest兴趣。令她感到欣慰（comfort）的是，科比和吉安娜知道一家人都深深地爱着他俩。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很幸运生活中有他们。A. dreams梦想；B. lives生命；C. houses房子；D. pictures图画。她们感到很幸运能在自己的生命（lives）中曾经拥有他们。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们永远和我们在一起。A. ever曾经；B. forever永远；C. yet然而；D. sometimes有时候。根据第27空前的I wish they were here with us可知，宾语从句是虚拟语气，她希望永远（forever）和他们在一起。故选B。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们是我们美好的祝福，却过早地从我们身边夺走。A. divided分开；B. freed使自由；C. taken拿走；D. kept保持。固定搭配：take…from“从……带走”。此处指她们的生命中被夺走（taken）了。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查介词词义辨析。句意：“我不确定我们的生活在今天之后还能有什么，也无法想象没有他们的生活，”瓦妮莎-布莱恩特继续说道。A. before在……之前；B. until直到……为止；C. through穿过；D. beyond超过，晚于。她不确定她们的生活在今天之后还能有什么。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我不确定我们的生活在今天之后还能有什么，也无法想象没有他们的生活，”瓦妮莎-布莱恩特继续说道。A. balance使平衡；B. save挽救；C. imagine想象；D. survive幸存。真的很难想象（imagine）没有他们的日子会是什么样子。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们每天醒来，都努力向前，因为科比和我们的宝贝女儿吉吉，正照耀着我们，照亮着我们前进的道路。A. trying尝试；B. forgetting忘记；C. regretting遗憾；D. pretending假装。她们每天醒来都会努力（trying）向前，因为科比和吉安娜都在照亮（light）着她们未来的路。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们每天醒来，都努力向前，因为科比和我们的宝贝女儿吉吉，正照耀着我们，照亮着我们前进的道路。A. block阻止；B. shelter庇护；C. construct建造；D. light照亮。她们每天醒来都会努力（trying）向前，因为科比和吉安娜都在照亮（light）着她们未来的路。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对他们的爱是无尽的。A. limited有限的；B. endless无止境的；C. complex复杂的；D. poisonous有毒的。她们对科比及吉安娜的爱无穷无尽（endless）。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前还没有关于科比和吉安娜·布莱恩特的葬礼或纪念计划的公告。A. advertisement广告；B. guidance指导；C. expression表达；D. announcement公告。根据第34空前后的内容There has been no和on funeral or memorial plans yet for Kobe and Gianna Bryan可知，关于科比及吉安娜葬礼和追思的公告（announcement）还没发布。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：瓦妮莎·布莱恩特要求继续尊重她的家庭隐私，因为这是“‎ 正在经历的新现实”。A. service服务；B. help帮助；C. respect尊重；D. approach方法。科比遗孀请求继续尊重（respect）她的家庭隐私。故选C。‎ ‎【答案】36. an 37. struggling 38. To deal 39. who/that 40. of 41. their ‎ ‎42. costs 43. are covered 44. generally 45. attractive ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在日本中小学中日益严重的霸凌问题及对策。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，subject为可数名词单数，表示泛指，应该用不定冠词限定；另外空后的increasingly为元音音素开头的单词。故填an。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个“介词+宾语+补语”的独立结构，在句中作状语；且parents与struggle之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系，应该用所给词的现在分词。故填struggling。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，该空在此处作目的状语，应该用所给词的不定式。故填To deal。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parents；且引导词在从句中做主语，故填who或that。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查介词。free of charge意为“免费”，为固定短语。故填of。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词children。故填their。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查动词时态及主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，所填词是本句的谓语动词；主语为单数名词，且与动词构成主动关系；另外，这是日常报价，应该用所给词的一般现在时第三人称单数。故填costs。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词时态及语态。分析句子成分可知，主语与所填动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用所给动词的被动语态。另外，根据句意可知，这是保险合同的一般条款，应该用一般现在时。故填are covered。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查副词。分析句子成分可知，应填词在句中修饰谓语动词，作状语，应该用所给词的副词。故填generally。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，空后为名词，此处应填所给词的形容词，作定语修饰名词。故填attractive。‎ ‎【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第4小题中先行词为名词parents，再分析先行词parents在限定性定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词parents带到从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关系词为who或that。‎ 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 ‎【答案】‎ Dear Eric,‎ I’m really glad to hear from you at this moment when my school has been shut down in a response to the COVID-19 disease. Now I have to spend most of my days at home taking on-line classes, completing more schoolwork assigned by my worried teachers and parents! ‎ Although I’ve started to adjust well to my life at home, I really miss the familiar rhythm of school life. I hope that the outbreak will soon come to an end so I can study with my friends again rather than being holed up in my room all the day.‎ Best wishes! ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封回信：假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Eric 来信询问你的近况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.简要介绍近况，如受到新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）影响，如何做好居家防疫或“宅”家上网课的情形等；2.谈谈真实的感受。人称使用第一人称，时态使用一般现在时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词(组)，如：shut down in a response to the COVID-19 disease(为应对2019冠状病毒病而停工)；spend most of my days at home taking on-line classes(我大部分时间都在家里上在线课程)；completing more schoolwork assigned by my worried teachers and parents(完成老师和家长布置的更多作业)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I’m really glad to hear from you at this moment when my school has been shut down in a response to the COVID-19 disease.句中使用when引导的定语从句；Now I have to spend most of my days at home taking on-line classes, completing more schoolwork assigned by my worried teachers and parents! 现在分词作伴随状语，且过去分词作后置定语；Although I’ve started to adjust well to my life at home, I really miss the familiar rhythm of school life.句中Although引导让步状语从句。‎ 第二节 ‎【答案】Mama explained to me that those toys were for "poor" children. She took me by the hand and showed me around our house and said that we had a house to live in and that we had enough to eat. Above all, we had a family and we loved each other. We were not poor at all. But there were many children who didn’t. They were the people who really needed the toys. Eventually she asked me to take the two toys back to school and put them in Mrs. Harper’s box.‎ Mrs. Harper said she understood chat mama meant. And after school, she took me and some of my classmates to the street to hand out those toys. When I saw the smiles on the faces of those homeless children, I began to understand what mama had told me. Mama was long gone. But her words have stayed with me all the time.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写。‎ ‎【详解】1.第一段给出的首句是Mama explained to me that those toys were for “poor” children.这一句是故事发展的转折点。可以从“她拉着我的手，带我参观了我们的房子，说我们有房子住，我们有足够的食物。”入手扩展开去，——无论从何角度拓展，需注意与续写第二段首句呼应。‎ ‎2.第二段所给首句Mrs. Harper said she understood what mama meant.这一句呼应前文，紧接着可以从“放学后，她带我和我的一些同学到街上分发那些玩具。”入手续写。‎ ‎【点睛】这篇续写，段落衔接紧密，语句环环相扣，层次清晰，文中使用高级句子。She took me by the hand and showed me around our house and said that we had a house to live in and that we had enough to eat.句中使用并列的宾语从句；But there were many children who didn’t.定语从句用在句中；When I saw the smiles on the faces of those homeless children, I began to understand what mama had told me.句中使用when引导的时间状语从句和what引导的宾语从句。‎