新课标2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业123-2Healthyeating 人教版必修3 10页

课时作业12 3-2 Healthy eating Ⅰ.阅读下列各句，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的适当形式。‎ ‎1．No one could do any ________ (well)．‎ ‎2．It is not what he said ________ the way he said it that annoyed me.‎ ‎3．It's very important to have a ________ (balance) diet for us.‎ ‎4．I have only a ________ (limit) knowledge of this subject.‎ ‎5．The ability to keep calm is one of his ________ (strong)．‎ ‎6．It is known to all that fresh air and good food are ________ (benefit) to the health.‎ ‎7．On arriving home, they found two of the three windows ________ (break)．‎ ‎8．Mistakes don't just happen, but they occur for a reason. What we ought ________ (do) is find out the reason and then making the mistakes worthwhile.‎ ‎9．Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose ________ (weigh) quickly.‎ ‎10．The letter was not addressed to me, but I opened it out of ________ (curious)．‎ ‎11．The driver should be punished! He shouldn't get away ________ running red lights.‎ ‎12．While young people are making efforts to take more exercise and eat healthily, they are still putting ________ weight.‎ ‎13．Valuable orders have been won ________ from our competitors.‎ ‎14．The old man earns a good ________ (live) by growing tomatoes.‎ ‎15．I'm heavily ________ debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.‎ ‎16．It's bad manners to spy ________ others or glare ________ others.‎ ‎17．He could not have the murderer ________ (get) away with killing those innocent people.‎ ‎18．Affected by the financial crisis, Tom's business is not as good as ‎ 10‎ before, so he has to cut ________ the expenses of his company.‎ ‎19．I am working in the Marketing Department, but I will work in the Sales Department before ________. ‎ ‎20．You could see from his face that he was ________ (lie)．‎ 答案 ‎1．better　2.but　3.balanced　4.limited ‎5. strengths　6.beneficial　7.broken　8.to do ‎9．weight　10.curiosity　11.with　12.on　13.back ‎14．living　15.in　16.on；at　17.getting　18.down ‎19．long　20.lying Ⅱ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎(2019年内蒙古赤峰二中高三第三次月考)‎ Why you shouldn't punish your kids for lying Getting your children to stop lying is challenging. There are many influences (TV, movies, video games and some great books) in which lies are common. Children see parents lie to others, if only to be polite. Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, or to lessen fears. __1__‎ The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and punishment.__2__ Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead.‎ PRAISE: You could ask your child to say something that happened at school that is true. When your child obeys, praise him enthusiastically. Be specific: __3__ and give your child a hug or a high five. Aim for one or two interactions (互动) like this a day. If you happen to “catch” your child in a lie, say something like, “That is not true and could get you in trouble outside of the home.”‎ MODEL: Explicitly tell the truth. This could be about something that happened when you were a child or something that happened during the day. It need not be dramatic. Another option is to play a game at dinner. Each person tells one thing ‎ 10‎ that was true that day. Again, give a little praise to the child who normally lies if she plays along.‎ DECREASE PUNISHMENT AND MORALIZING: They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want.__4__ Rather, use very mild punishment (light scolding, short loss of privilege, a brief timeout). More severe punishments (shouting, taking away something for a week, hitting) are not more effective in actually changing the frequency of lying.‎ ‎__5__ Usually they can be dropped by then. It is unlikely that lying will be completely removed, but with the right encouragement, it can be dramatically lessened.‎ A．It is not what that is, but about practice.‎ B．As ways of changing behavior, these are ineffective.‎ C．That does not mean ignoring, lying or letting it go.‎ D．“That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow！”‎ E．Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.‎ F．“You did a good job, but what you said was not what I'd like to know！”‎ G．Parents do this out of love, but for some children, lying can become a problem.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇议论文。让你的孩子停止撒谎是具有挑战性的，孩子的撒谎有很多原因，不应该一味惩罚孩子。本文介绍了由研究支持的三个更好的解决方法。‎ ‎1．G　根据上文提示Most parents add to that with tales about the lives and activities of Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, or to lessen fears.(大多数父母都是用关于圣诞老人或牙仙的生活和活动的故事来补充的，或者是减轻恐惧。)承接上文，G项Parents do this out of love, but for some children, lying can become a problem.(父母这样做是出于爱，但对一些孩子来说，撒谎会成为一个问题。)切题。G项中的Parents do this与上文中的Most parents add to that吻合。‎ ‎2．B　根据上文提示The most common reactions to children who lie are explaining why it is wrong and 10‎ ‎ punishment.(对说谎的孩子最常见的反应是解释为什么它是错误的和受惩罚的。)，再根据下文Here are three better tools supported by research to use instead.(这里有三个更好的得到研究支持的工具使用)，故B项As ways of changing behavior, these are ineffective.(作为改变行为的方式，这些都是无效的。)指出上文那些解释都是无效的，下面有更好的方式。‎ ‎3．D　根据上文提示When your child obeys, praise him enthusiastically.(当你的孩子顺从时，热情地赞美他。)，再根据下文提示give your child a hug or a high five.(给你的孩子一个拥抱或者一个击掌。)，D项“That was great! You told me what happened just like I asked. Wow！”“(那是太好了！你告诉我发生了什么，就像我问的那样。)就是给孩子的表扬或赞美。故选D。‎ ‎4．C　根据上文提示They are unlikely to change behavior or develop the conduct you want.(他们不太可能改变你的行为或发展你想要的行为。)，再根据下文Rather, use very mild punishment (light scolding, short loss of privilege, a brief timeout)．(相反，使用非常温和的惩罚(轻斥责，短暂的特权丧失，短暂的暂停)，C项That does not mean ignoring, lying or letting it go.(这并不意味着忽视、说谎或放弃。)承上启下，故选C。‎ ‎5．E　上文介绍了由研究支持的三个更好的解决孩子撒谎的方法。承接上文内容，E项Try these procedures for two to three weeks and see where you are.(试试这些程序两到三周，看看你会如何。)切题。同时该项中的for two to three weeks与下文Usually they can be dropped by then.(通常他们可以在那时候被抛弃。)中的by then对应。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2019年内蒙古赤峰二中高三第三次月考)‎ Learning a second language fuels children's intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. __1__ the fact is, in U．S.A, as in many other English speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the __2__. Eightyfour percent of US people are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who __3__ to speak two or more languages.‎ No matter how proud people are of their cultural roots, to speak anything __4__ English is a marker of difference here. That's why fourteenyearold Umar is __5__ when people comment on the fact that he is able to speak Arabic. Umar's mother points ‎ 10‎ out: ―In U．S.A, it's not __6__ for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in U．S.A, it is thought that you are not helping them to __7__ society.‎ But in fact, the general __8__ among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals—people who speak __9__ languages—have a clear learning advantage __10__ their monolingual schoolmates. This __11__ on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, __12__ they are learning Arabic, French, Chinese or any other language.‎ Vinss Millon, a professor of Foreign Language Training, says: ―A lot of studies have __13__ that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more __14__， but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects. The view is that there is a(n) __15__ from the effort of learning another language. A few other __16__ agree that “Bilinguals tend to use language better as a whole. They also __17__ greater creativity and problemsolving ability, and they learn further languages more easily”．‎ With all of the benefits, why do we not show more __18__ for learning other languages? Parents and teachers __19__ in bilingual education say it is pressure from friends at school, general __20__ to other languages in Englishspeaking countries, and problems in the school system that are to blame.‎ ‎1．A.And B．So C．But D．Thus ‎2．A.minimum B．maximum C．minority D．majority ‎3．A.claim B．pretend C．decide D．plan ‎4．A.more than B．less than C．rather than D．other than ‎5．A.excited B．embarrassed C．disappointed D．appreciated ‎6．A.common B．unusual 10‎ C．unique D．general ‎7．A.fit in B．build up C．contribute to D．figure out ‎8．A.distinction B．commission C．announcement D．agreement ‎9．A.one B．two C．three D．more ‎10．A.beneath B．beyond C．over D．of ‎11．A.determines B．focuses C．comments D．depends ‎12．A.if B．whether C．when D．because ‎13．A.rejected B．released C．revealed D．reminded ‎14．A.slowly B．rapidly C．easily D．efficiently ‎15．A.outcome B．improvement C．advantage D．tendency ‎16．A.parents B．learners C．schoolmates D．professors ‎17．A.display B．produce C．inspire D．discover ‎18．A.concern B．respect C．enthusiasm D．intelligence ‎19．A.involved B．impressed C．competing D．replacing ‎20．A.opinions B．obstacles C．senses D．attitudes 答案与解析 10‎ 本文是一篇议论文。学习第二语言会为孩子的智力发展提供养分，使他们的职业前景更光明，然而会双语的小孩却很少。通过摆出事实，列举专家学者的观点，证明双语教育的孩子跟只用一种语言的孩子相比，有很大优势。‎ ‎1．C　考查连词的用法及语境理解。文章第一句：学习一门第二语言会为孩子的智力发展提供养分，使他们的职业前景更光明。而下一句说事实却是怎样的，由此可知上下句之间是转折关系，因此选C。‎ ‎2．C　考查名词的用法及语境理解。A.minimum 最小量；B.maximum最大量；C.minority少数；D.majority 大多数。从but 可以看出会说两种或者多种语言的是少数人。可知C正确。‎ ‎3．A　考查动词的用法及语境理解。A.claim 要求，需要；B.pretend 假装；C.decide决定；D.plan 计划。句意：这就导致了一小部分人要求学两门或多门语言。由此可知A 正确。‎ ‎4．D　考查短语意思及语境理解。 A．more than不仅仅，多于；B.less than少于；C.rather than而不是；D.other than 除了……之外。句意：会说除了英语以外的语言，就都让人感觉不同。因此D 正确。‎ ‎5．B　考查形容词意思及语境理解。A.excited 兴奋的；B.embarrassed 尴尬的；C.disappointed失望的；D.appreciated 感激的。句意：这就是为什么当人们评论他能说阿拉伯语的事实时，十四岁的Umar感觉很尴尬的原因了。所以B项正确。‎ ‎6．B　考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。A.common普遍的，常见的；B.unusual不普通，不平常；C.unique独一无二的；D.general 一般，总体。根据上句，大家看到男孩会阿拉伯语很吃惊，因此男孩的母亲说，在美国，孩子学双语并不常见。可知选B。‎ ‎7．A　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。A.fit in与……相协调，相适应； B．build up建立，增强；C.contribute to为……做贡献；D.figure out 计算出。句意：在美国，如果你跟孩子说另一种语言，那么你会被认为不是在帮他们融入社会。可知选A。‎ ‎8．D　考查名词词义及语境理解。A.distinction区别，差别； B．commission任务，行动；C.announcement布告，通知；D.agreement 同意。句意：事实上，专家们普遍同意的就是：学习一门第二语言对孩子是有好处的。故选D。‎ ‎9．B　考查数词词义语境理解。A.one 一种；B.two 两种；C.three 三种； D．more 更多。根据前半句中的bilinguals(双语教育)可知是会两种语言的人。故选B。‎ ‎10．C　考查动词短语搭配及语境理解。have an advantage over 与……相比有优势。‎ 10‎ ‎ 句意：双语教育的孩子跟只用一种语言的孩子相比，有很大优势。由此可知C正确。‎ ‎11．D　考查动词短语搭配及语境理解。A.determines 决定，及物动词；B.focuses注意力集中于；C.comments 评价；D.depend on 取决于；依赖。句意：这取决于他们每种语言能说多少。故选D。‎ ‎12．B　考查名词性从句的连接词。on 为介词，后面宾语从句中，意思是：是否，必须用whether。句意： 不是取决于他们是否学习阿拉伯语、法语、汉语或其他任何语言。故选B。‎ ‎13．C　考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 A．rejected拒绝；B.released释放；C.revealed揭示，揭露； D．reminded 提醒，使某人想起。句意：很多研究已经证明说多种语言的孩子有时候学一种语言比较慢，但是最后他们还是会比学一门语言的同学学得更好，在其他学科也是如此。可知选C。‎ ‎14．A　考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。A.slowly慢地；B.rapidly 迅速地； C．easily轻易地； D．efficiently 有效地。很多研究已经证明说多种语言的孩子有时候学一种语言比较慢，但是最后他们还是会比学一门语言的同学更好，在其他学科也是如此。 可知选A。‎ ‎15．B　考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A.outcome结果；B.improvement改善，提高； C．advantage优势；D.tendency 倾向。句意：学习另一种语言(所做出)的努力会使其有所提高。可知选B。‎ ‎16．D　考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。从句中other一词可以看出，与本段首句提到professor形成照应，因此应为其他的教授。句意：少数的其他教授同意双语倾向于作为一个整体来使用语言。故选D。‎ ‎17．A　考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A.display展示，发挥；B.produce 生产；C.inspire鼓舞，激励；D.discover 发现。句意：他们也展示出更大的创造力和解决问题的能力。故选A。‎ ‎18．C　考查名词的词义及语境理解。A.concern 关注；B.respect 尊重； C．enthusiasm 热情；D.intelligence 智力。句意：我们为什么不表现出更高的热情来学习其他的语言？故选C。‎ ‎19．A　考查非谓语动词短语辨析及语境理解。 A．involved 涉及，牵连；B.impressed 给人印象深刻的；C.competing竞争的；D.replacing代替。句意：涉及到双语教育的父母和老师们说：是在学校来自于朋友的压力，说英语国家对于其他语言的态度，学校系统中的问题，应该对此负有责任。故选A。‎ 10‎ ‎20．D　考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A.opinions观点；B.obstacles障碍；C.senses 感觉； D．attitudes态度。对于其他语言的态度，而且名词attitude可以与介词towards/to连用，根据句意和搭配可知D 正确。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ My mother and my brother were taking a trip to Washington, D．C.. They came back with the most __1__(amaze) story I have ever heard!‎ When they passed by New York, their train failed to work __2__(proper), the conductors asked everyone to move forward to another train. When everyone __3__ (seat), my mother realized she didn't have her handbag, in __4__ was her money, tickets, credit card and license. She rushed to a conductor. “Excuse me, I left my bag on the other train. Can you stop the train？” The conductor replied, “Oh, I'm sorry, __5__ we cannot let you off.” My mom quickly picked up her cellphone, __6__ only thing she had, and started calling someone for help but __7__ vain.‎ Luckily，when the train finally stopped in Delaware, a man left the train and handed my mom $112. My mother thanked him and felt grateful for his __8__(kind). She got the man's address and promised __9__(find) a way to pay him back. My mother and my brother finally arrived in Washington, D．C., but did not get to do all the things as __10__(plan). They got to take a few like rides, buy souvenirs, and more. They made the best of the worst vacation!‎ 答案与解析 作者讲述了自己的妈妈和哥哥去华盛顿旅行所经历的一次令人惊奇的故事。‎ ‎1．amazing　考查形容词。此处意为我听过的最令人惊奇的故事，故填amazing。‎ ‎2．properly　考查副词。此处是副词修饰动词，故填properly。‎ ‎3．was seated　考查时态语态。seat是使役动词，使就坐，作谓语时用被动语态，但是不表示被动意思，此处是用过去时间描述，故填was seated。‎ ‎4．which　考查连词。此处是非限制性定语从句，指代前面的handbag，故用which。‎ ‎5．but　考查连词。此处前后是转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎6．the　考查冠词。此处是特指，唯一的事情，故用the。‎ ‎7．in　考查介词。此处是固定短语，in vain徒劳。‎ 10‎ ‎8．kindness　考查名词。空前是形容词性的物主代词，后接名词，感激他的善良，故填kindness。‎ ‎9．to find　考查动词不定式。此处是固定用法：promise to do承诺做某事。‎ ‎10．planned　考查非谓语动词。此处是指我妈妈和哥哥并没有按计划做完所有的事情，事情是被计划的，故用过去分词planned。‎ 10‎