【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（5）词义猜测七选五1 11页

词义猜测+七选五1‎ ‎1、    Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guard’s announcements. Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard makes an announcement, whether it’s the recorded message or the guard’s message, few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appeared to be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!‎ ‎    Why was so much attention being paid to this message? As best I can recall, the guard said something along these lines, “Good Morning Ladies, Gentlemen and Children, this is the 7:35 a.m. from Penrith to Central and you’ll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovely morning it is in Sydney today. The sun is shining, birds are singing, and all’s right with the world. I trust you have a great day wherever you’re going. Thanks for catching my train this morning and I hope to see you again soon.”‎ ‎    Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about the guard’s excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this, and then I found the young guard and said “Were you the guard on the 7:35 a.m. from Penrith?” The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying, “Yes, yyyyes.” “Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it.” I said.‎ ‎    There are two messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy in their work it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to the benefits that accumulate from thanking people for something they’ve done, particularly when it’s not expected. Can you imagine the conversation that guard would have when he got home?‎ ‎1.Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements? A.The messages are unattractive. B.The guard’s voice is not clear. C.They usually feel sleepy. D.They are absorbed in books. 2.What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3‎ ‎ mean? A.Patient. B.Cautious. C.Surprised. D.Excited. 3.What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home? A.The beautiful weather. B.The recorded message. C.The train from Penrith. D.The unexpected appreciation. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.An Intelligent Guard. B.A Boring Train Story. C.A Different Train Announcement. D.A Lovely Morning in Sydney.‎ ‎2、In Australia, the bilby (兔耳袋狸) project is seen as an important part in protecting the nation’s wildlife. Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs. They usually sleep during the day, and are awake at night. They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms.‎ For the first time in 2018, bilbies are running wild in Southeastern Australia. The small animals were once widespread across much of Australia, but were last observed in the wild in New South Wales state in 1912. Every year bilby populations continue to decrease. Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby, a small marsupial, could eventually disappear forever, either because of land clearing or fires. Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes, which hunt down and kill bilbies.‎ In northern New South Wales state, environmentalists are celebrating what they are calling a historic moment. Thirty bilbies from a captive breeding program have been released into a large predator-free enclosed area north of Sydney. Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence, experts say the animals probably would not survive.‎ Tim Allard heads the Australian Wildlife Conservancy, which is involved in the project. He says the release of these beloved animals is a big deal. “There are some remaining wild bilby populations, but they get predated upon heavily by feral cats and foxes. Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas.” Allard said the point of doing this project is to return the countryside to ‎ what it used to be before Europeans arrived. “So in the not-too-distant future, you will be able to go inside the fenced areas and it will be like stepping back before Europeans turned up,” he said.‎ ‎1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?‎ A. The shape of the bilby. B. The habit of the bilby.‎ C. The weight of the bilby. D. The characteristics of the bilby.‎ ‎2. The followings are the reasons for Bilbies’ disappearance EXCEPT ________?‎ A. Trees’ clearing. B. Fires’ bursting. C. Cats’ hunting. D. Foxes’ killing.‎ ‎3. What docs the underlined word “enclosed” in paragraph 3 probably mean? ‎ A. Involved. B. Protected. C. Hunted. D. Enlarged.‎ ‎4. From Allard’s words, what do we know?‎ A. The release of bilbies can make much money.‎ B. Cats and foxes cause the decrease of bilbies.‎ C. Nature reserves are needed to protect bilbies.‎ D. Europeans shouldn’t turn up in the countryside.‎ ‎3、A new restaurant in Indonesia is on a mission (使命) to support locals trapped in poverty, many of whom are earning less than $25 a month, by providing them with an alternative way to pay for their food.‎ The Methane Gas Canteen, run by husband and wife team Sarimin and Suyatmi, is located in an unexpected place for an eatery — Jatibarang Landfill. The landfill is a mountain of purifying waste, where poor locals spend their days collecting plastic and glass to sell. Meanwhile, the couple, who spent 40 years collecting waste before opening the restaurant, is busy cooking.‎ What makes the restaurant unusual, aside from its location, is that no cash is required to pay for meals. Poor people have the option to pay for their food with recyclable waste instead of cash. Sarimin weighs the plastic customers bring in, calculates its worth, and then deduct that value from the cost of the meal, giving any extra value back to the customer. The scheme is part of the community’s solution to reduce waste in the landfill and recycle non-degradable plastics.‎ ‎“I think we recycle 1 tonne of plastic waste a day, which is a lot. This way, the plastic waste ‎ doesn’t pile up, drift down the river and cause flooding,” said Saimin. “It benefits everyone.”‎ The restaurant seats about 30 people and serves meals that cost between $0.40 and $0.80 each. Since opening the canteen Sarimin and Suyatmi have seen their daily income more than double to $15 a day.‎ ‎“I’m happy to see our customers enjoying their meals,” Sarimin told NHK World. “The poor must also have the right to enjoy healthy eating. I want to give them that chance as much as possible.”‎ ‎1. What do we know about Jatibarang Landfill?‎ A. It is a good place for people to eat meals B. It is a place where locals collect plastic and glass to sell C. It is a mountain which attracts many tourists D. It is a modem plastic recycling plant.‎ ‎2. What makes the Methane Gas Canteen different?‎ A. Its location and the way to pay for meals.‎ B. The delicious food and the kind-hearted owner.‎ C. Its location and those strange customers.‎ D. Its customers and the way to pay for meal.‎ ‎3. What does the underlined word mean?‎ A. Increase B. Replace C. Remove D. Equal ‎4. Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. Sarimin and Suyatmi recycle plastic waste only to make money.‎ B. The plastic waste may cause flooding.‎ C. The restaurant seats around 30 people at present.‎ D. Sarimin and Suyatmi have seen an increase in their income.‎ ‎4、    With the growing enthusiasm for learning Chinese around the world in recent years, there has been increased understanding of Chinese vocabulary and concepts among foreigners.‎ ‎    According to a report on overseas understanding of Chinese words issued by the China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration on Saturday, the first of its kind, there has been a drastic(激烈的) rise in the popularity of Chinese words among foreigners in the past few years.‎ ‎    The report indicates that most of the top 100 most frequently-said Chinese words by foreigners belong to those related to Chinese traditions or culture,Chinese political and economic terms such as chunjie ( Spring Festival), shaolin,mingyun gongtongti,yi dai yi lu (The Belt and Road), zhongguomeng (Chinese Dream ), renminbi and zhifubao(Alipay) etc.‎ ‎    The rising popularity of such Chinese words in other parts of the world is a result of the fruitful major-country diplomacy initiated(发起)by China in recent years and also a reflection of the increased global influence of China as a result of its fast-growing economy. It is natural for other countries to keep an attentive ear to the voice of an influential and emerging power like China.‎ ‎    That foreigners say Chinese words is to some extent a reflection of their mawStering of some knowledge of China. The country's manufacturing now ranks first in the world. For ordinary people in many foreign countries,goods manufactured in China are an indispensable part of their daily lives, which has helped deepen their understanding of China,‎ ‎    The acceptance of more and more Chinese words by foreigners is also a result of the ever-increasing popularity of Chinese learning in foreign countries. A Chinese-learning fever has been seen in a large number of countries across the world. As an institution to promote Chinese and disseminate(传播) Chinese culture,the Confucius Institute has setup 511 branches and 1 073 classrooms in 140 countries and regions,with 2. 1 million registered students. Chinese companies now employ large numbers of local employees overseas. many of whom work hard to learn Chinese for their work needs.‎ ‎1.Why is the enthuvsiasm for learning Chinese around the world growing? A.The Chinese people are enthusiastic and friendly. B.China’s global influence is increasing. C.The Confucius Institute has set up many branches around the world. D.Foreigners more to China for job opportunities. 2.Which of the following is closest in meaning to “indispensable” underlined in the fifth ‎ paragraph? A.Necessary. B.Attractive. C.Interesting, D.Cheap. 3.What is the best title of the text? A.The Top 100 Chinese Words Said by Foreigners B.China's Influence in the World Is Expanding C.Chinese Increasingly Heard around the World D.Foreigners Pride Themselves on Mastering Chinese ‎5、根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.①__________‎ ‎    One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ②__________ We  know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.‎ ‎    Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ③__________‎ ‎    Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④__________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.‎ ‎    If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.‎ ‎    Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤__________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.‎ A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.‎ B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.‎ C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.‎ D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.‎ E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.‎ F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning,"says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.‎ G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.‎ ‎6、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎    Research has found that people who read regularly report lower levels of stress and depression with stronger feelings of relaxation, compared to watching TV or technology-intensive activities.‎ ‎    Sue Wilkinson MBE, Chief Executive of The Reading Agency, told the Standard, "The healing effects of a good book may not seem like a very revolutionary idea, but many people are still completely unaware of the actual impact. ①__________Reading doesn't only affect your mental health but can also affect physical health as well."‎ ‎    Researchers from Yale University School of Public Health found that adults who read for three and a half hours per week or more are expected to have a longer lifespan than those who do not read books. ②__________, it can lower the risk of neurodegenerative diseases(神经退行性疾病) which can shorten a lifespan. ③__________. A 2013 study by researchers at Rush University Medical Centre in Chicago, US found that reading could help to slow down dementia (痴呆).‎ ‎    A good night's sleep is imperative to our overall health and reading can help you have a more restful sleep. A recent study by the University of Sussex found that reading before you go to sleep can reduce stress levels by as much as 68 percent. ④__________ ,it takes just six minutes of reading to significantly relax your body and mind. So pick up a book before bed—even just for a few minutes—and enjoy a more relaxing sleep.‎ ‎    Developing a daily reading habit can be beneficial for your health, both mentally and physically. ⑤__________‎ A. As Dr. David Lewis, head researcher of the study found B. It is that the proven power of reading has on their ; health C. But in reality, finding the time to read can be tough with work D. All you need to do is put down the phone and pick up a novel E. Because reading can increase connectivity between brain cells F. Reading can also slow cognitive decline to help prevent illnesses like Alzheimer's disease G. People around the UK tell themselves that this will be the year they will read more books ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的few people listen to it, because it’s often quite dull or hard to understand."可知,很少有人听的原因是枯燥难懂,所以选A项。 2.词义猜测题。根据上文的问句“Were you the guard on the 7:35 a. m. from Penrith?” 和回答“Yes,yyyyes.” 可知,一开始值班的人有点吃惊,所以选C项。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的that accumulate from thanking people for something they’ve done,particularly when it’s not expected. ”可知,他可能会和家人谈论得到的意想不到的感谢。 4.主旨大意题。本文一开始说等火车时的通知乏味难懂,没人愿意听。而这一则通知却打动了作者,得到了作者的赞赏。 由此可知C项可作为本文的标题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs. They usually sleep during the day, and are awake at night. They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms.”介绍了兔耳袋狸的体型，体重和生活习惯，这些都是兔耳袋狸的特征。因此第一段的主旨大意是介绍兔耳袋狸的特征，故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一、二句“Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby, a small marsupial, could eventually disappear forever, either because of land clearing or fires. Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes, which hunt down and kill ‎ bilbies.”可知兔耳袋狸消失的原因有土地清理或火灾，和来自猫和狐狸的捕食，没有提及A选项“树木清理”，因此选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段后文“Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence, experts say the animals probably would not survive.”可知如果没有32公里长的围栏的保护，这些动物可能无法生存。故可推测上文兔耳袋狸应当是被放入一个大型“保护”区域当中，故可推测划线部分单词意思为“保护的”，故选B。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Allard的话提到“Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas.”可知Allard提到兔耳袋狸只能在围栏里生存，也就是说要保护兔耳袋狸，建立大自然保护区是必要的，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C 解析：1. 细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段和第四段内容可知,中国在全球的影响力的提高是外国人学习汉语的热情曰益高涨的原因之一。故选B。 2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“ which has helped deepen their understanding of China”可知,中国制造的产品加深了他们对中国的了解,说明他们正在或已经使用过中国制造的产品。由此可推知,此处指中国制造的产品是他们生活中不可或缺的一部分,故画线词应意为 “不可缺少的”,与A项意思相近。故选A。 3.标题概括题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了汉语在世界各地的影响力不断增大,越来越多的外国人开始学习汉语,并分析了这一现象产生的原因。由此可知,C项“在世界各地汉语越来越多地被听到”概括了文章主旨,适合做本文标题。故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; E; F; G; B 解析：‎ 本文为说明文研究表明,睡眠期间脑细跑之间的关联会减弱,从而使大脑为新的记忆腾出空间,但是对于重要的记忆,大脑则会对其加以保护。‎ ‎1. C细节句。上句指出,当不允许实验室的老鼠睡觉时,它们在一个月之内就死去了。本句是上句的延伸,由动物转移到了人类。C项符合语境, 意为“同样,人几天不睡觉的话也会生病"。‎ ‎2. E细节句。上句指出睡眠有助于加强新的记忆,下文对此进行了解释。本句应该是对这个观点的回应,E项“那也就是为什么学生在学习之后如果有机会睡觉的话,他们就会考得更好”符合语境。‎ ‎3. F过渡句。下段首句指出“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是正确的”,由此可知本句应指出某人的观点。结合本段提出的“睡觉期间神经元之间的关联减弱,从而为第二天要形成的新记忆腾出空间”,可以判断F项符合语境。‎ ‎4. G过渡句。下句的synapses以及the mice为关键线索。下文指出T 老鼠在睡完一觉后和睡觉前“synapses”的不同,所以本句应该指出本次试验的内容,故G项符合语境。‎ ‎5. B细节句。上句指出,研究团队发现某些神经突触似乎得到了保护,并未发生变化,这正是对某些重要记忆的保护,故B项正确:‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：B; E; F; A; D 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。多项研究表明,阅读有利于身心健康,因此我们要养成每日阅读的好习惯。‎ ‎1. B ‎【解题思路】空格前提到一本好书的治愈效果似乎并不是一个创新的想法,但很多人都没有意识到阅读带来的切实影响;空格后提到阅读影响人的身心健康。B项“有研究证明.阅读影响人们的健康”承上启下,符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎2. E ‎【解题思路】空格后半句提到它可以降低患能够缩短寿命的神经退化类疾病的风险。由此可知,空格处应是介绍产生这种结果的原因。E项“因为阅读可以加强脑细胞之间的联系”与空格后一句之间是因果关系,符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎3. F ‎【解题思路】空格后提到2013年的一项研究表明阅读可以减缓痴呆。F项“阅读可以减缓认知能力退化,帮助预防像老年痴呆症这类疾病”与后一句相呼应,符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎4. A ‎【解题思路】空格前提到美国近期一项研究表明,睡前读书可以减轻68%的心理压力;空格后提到睡前只读6分钟的书就可以缓解身心压力。由此可知, 空格前后之间是并列关系。A项“正如研究团队首席研究员David Lewis所发现的那样”与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎5. D ‎【解题思路】空格前提到养成每日阅读的习惯有利于身心健康。D项“你所要做的就是放下手机,拿起小说”是一个具体做法,与上文衔接紧密,符合语境。‎ ‎ ‎