高考英语考点09 一般时 15页

1 考点 09 一般时 考点详解 高考频度：★★★★★ 【命题解读】 动词的时态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特点， 注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服 汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。 【命题预测】 预计 2019 年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的 时态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。高考在考查时态的同时，还会兼顾其他语法内容的考查，比如各 种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。 【复习建议】 1. 了解并能正确运用常考的 11 种时态； 2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态； 3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。 动词时态的知识网络(以动词 do 为例) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do / does did shall/will do should/would do 进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing[来源:。网] should/would be doing 完成时 have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did 完成进行 时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com] 2 考向一 一般现在时 1. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。 The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 2. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和 often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday， once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。 My mother works at the same company as my father. 我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。 3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。 Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any. 史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。 Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。 4. 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午 10 点起飞。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。 5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。 I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。 注意： if 条件状语从句中可用 shall 或 will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。 3 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。 【巧学妙记】 一般现在时用法口诀 用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。 基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。 客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。 谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。 主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es 添。 句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。 典例剖析 1.（2018·新课标卷 I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65（than） walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is 2.（2017·新课标卷 II·短文改错）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！ 【答案】将 came 改为 comes 【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将 came 改为 comes。#网 3. （2017·新课标卷 I·语法填空）Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 【答案】is 【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food 的意思是“快餐”，表 示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 is。 4 4. （2017·新课标卷 III·语法填空）Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. 【答案】comes 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知 Sarah 认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现 在时。 5. （2017·北京卷·单项填空） People______ better access to health care than they used to,and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】B 6.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空） He’s been informed that he ____________ for the scholarship because of his academic background. A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying 【答案】 C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth 达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选 C。 考向二 一般过去时 1. 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用 yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day 等作时间状语。 It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。 He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。 2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown 夫妇访问 期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。 3. 用于固定句型中。 It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。 5 I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 4. wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。 5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。 6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般 过去时。常见的此类动词有 know, think, expect 等，表示＂本来认为＂。 I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。 I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。 常见考法： 1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来； 2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况； 3. as if /as though 引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。 【误区提醒】 时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。 【巧学妙记】 一般过去时用法口诀 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。 句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。 否定句，很简单，谓语动词前 didn’t 添。 疑问构成也有法，主语前面 Did 加。 还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。 典例剖析 1. （2018·新课标 I 卷·单项填空）During my last winter holiday, I went to （加 the）countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 【答案】find 改成 found　 6 2. （2018·北京卷·单项填空） —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 3.（2017·新课标卷 I·短文改错）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’ s orders, so（改为 but/yet） once I started the car, my mind goes blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether. 【答案】goes 改为 went 【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的 started 可知时态为一般过去时，故将 goes 改为 went。 4. （2017·新课标卷 II·语法填空）Later, engineers ___68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. 【答案】managed 【解析】考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的情况，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填 managed。 5. （2017·北京卷·单项填空）—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes. They are happy with it. A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？——打了，他们 对产品很满意。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语 yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去时，故选 A。 考向三 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的定义 7 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词 tomorrow, soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如： What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？ We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。 He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。 2. 一般将来时的结构及应用 (1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件 下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如： What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？ Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？ I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。 (2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。 如： We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。 Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想 天要下雨了。 There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。 (3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如： Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？ When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？ The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。 (4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子 不能再用时间状语。如： Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。 Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。 (5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy 等。如： Go ahead, and I’m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。 The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。 8 Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。 (6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如： Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。 The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。 典例剖析 1.—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I___________ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——Dr. Jackson 现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由 later 可知，表示的是 将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选 A。#网 2. More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built 【答案】B 【名师点睛】本题考查时态。英语中的时态是靠动词的变化来体现的，在具体做题时，需要关注的是时间 状语。因此，考生在做本题时，需要先找出时间状语 soon，然后才能准确判断时态是一般将来时。通过观 察选项可知，选项 A 是现在进行时；选项 B 是一般将来时；选项 C 是现在完成时；选项 D 是过去完成时。 故选择 B。 3.As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found 9 【答案】A 【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语， 有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将 会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选 A 【名师点睛】本题旨在考查句子的时态，要求学生明确地掌握各个时态的定义以及它们在时间上的划分段 和用法。“助动词 will 或 shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示 客气的邀请。现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或 状态，共有四种主要用法：一、现在完成时表示影响；二、现在完成时表示持续；三、现在完成时表示重 复；四、现在完成时表示将来。而在此题中 As you go through this book 是一个现在时了，所以后文就 不能出现过去时或过去完成时。虽然在此题中没有明确的时间状语，但从意思上还是可以理解出来的。 4. Unless some extra money________, the theatre will be close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【答案】C 【名师点睛】本题考查一般现在时表将来和被动语态。Unless 引导条件状语从句。表示让步、相似、比例 的从句也必须用一般现在时表将来。如： You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 除非你早点动身，否则你就不能 及时赶到那儿。 I’ll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪儿，我就跟着去哪儿。 Whatever you say, I won’t pay. 无论你说什么，我都不会付钱。 Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 无论我们帮他与否，他都会失败。 The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就会越胖。考生要注意归纳总结。 10 检测训练 题组一 基础过关 单项填空 1. In the Himalayas, large tracks have been discovered which some people say ___________ the Wild Man. A. belonging to B. belong to C. are belonging to D. to belong to 2. Frank ___________ stamps in his spare time. It’s his hobby. A. is collecting B. collects C. collected D. was collecting 3. Honesty ___________ an important role in a child’s ability to succeed in school and later life. A. played B. plays C. had played D. has played 4. The dictionary still ___________ where I ___________ it moment ago. A. lies；lay B. lied；lay C. laid；laid D. lies；laid 5. Different types of teas ___________ by skilled tea-tasters before appearing in the Tea Trade Centre. A. are tasted B. were tasted C. tasted D. have tasted 6. Mary cleverly met the customer’s requirements that you ___________ to deal with, so she won the competition. A. failed B. fail C. may fail D. must fail 7. My TV had just been repaired, so I ___________ to the pub to watch the World Cup final match last night. A. needn’t had gone B. didn’t need to go 11 C. needn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone 8. —My boss went to Beijing on business and ___________ me, a green hand, ___________ the company. —He really believes in you! Don’t let him down. A. left；in the charge of B. had left；in the charge of C. left；in charge of D. had left；in charge of 9. —Hi, Michael, I heard you just came back from a holiday. —Yes, I ___________ for a week in China and 5 days in India. A. stayed B. have stayed C. stay D. would stay 10. —She’s upset for what you said. —I ___________. A. don’t mean any harm B. didn’t mean to hurt her C. don’t mean to hurt her D. didn’t mean hurting her 题组二 能力提升 短文改错 Yesterday was my father ’ s birthday. We made many preparation for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very careful, eventually a warm sweater caught our eye but was purchased. To showing my love for my father, I made a birthday cake under the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate her birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, that made the room alive with the sound of cheering. Then we take a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled in with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness. 题组三 体验真题 1.（2018·全国新课标卷 III·语法填空）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 12 ____69____(mean)me no real harm. 2.I still remember 59 visiting (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 3.（2016·全国新课标卷 III﹒语法填空）Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table. 4.【2016·全国新课标卷 III﹒短文改错）They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 5. （ 2016 · 江 苏 ） More efforts, as reported, ________in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made 6.(2015·湖南卷·单项填空) That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will? A. didn't B. don't C. weren't D. haven't 7.（2015·江苏卷·单项填空）The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 8. （2015·重庆卷·单项填空）—Is Peter coming? —No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute. A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed 答案解析 题组一 基础过关 单项填空 13 2. B 【解析】考查时态。句意：Frank 在他的空闲时间收集邮票。这是他的爱好。根据＂It’s his hobby＂可知，这是 Frank 经常做的事情，用一般现在时，故选 B。 3. B 【解析】考查时态。句意：诚实对于一个孩子能否在学业上和以后的生活中取得成功起着重要的作 用。这句话是客观事实用一般现在时。故选 B。#网 4. D 【解析】考查动词。句意：那本字典仍然在刚才我放的地方。第一空表示＂位于＂，应用动词 lie； 第二空表示＂摆放＂，应用 lay，其过去式是是 laid，故选 D 项。 5. A 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：在出现在茶叶交易中心之前，不同类型的茶叶被品茶师品尝。teas 和 taste 是被动关系，而且这句话表示客观事实，用一般现在时。故选 A。 6. A 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：Mary 聪明地满足了你没有应付得来的顾客的要求，所以她赢得了 比赛。that 引导的是定语从句，不是同位语从句，不能用虚拟语气，根据 Mary cleverly met 可知 用一般过去时。故选 A。 7. B 【解析】考查时态。句意：我的电视已经被修好了，所以昨晚我没有必要去酒吧看世界杯决赛。因 为时间是 last night，这句话的谓语用一般过去时。故选 B。 9. A 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：——你好，Michael，我听说你刚刚度假回来。——是的，我在中 国待了一周，在印度待了五天。根据语境，Michael 度假回来了，在中国一周是过去的事情，用一般 过去时。故选 A。 10. B 【解析】考查动词时态以及动词的用法。句意：——你所说的让她有些难过。——我不是有意伤害 她的。mean to do sth 意为＂打算做某事＂，mean doing sth 意为＂意味着做某事＂；再根据语境 可判断出此处应用一般过去时，故选 B。 题组二 能力提升 Yesterday was my father ’ s birthday. We made many for it. Early in the preparation preparations 14 morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very , eventually a warm sweater caught our eye was purchased. To my love for my father, I made a birthday cake the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate birthday. With candles lit, we sang Happy Birthday out loud and clapped, made the room alive with the sound of cheering. Then we a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness. 第 一 处 ： preparation 改 成 preparations make preparations for 意 为 ＂ 为 … … 做 准 备 ＂ 。 故 把 preparation 改成 preparations。 第二处：在 find 后面加 a gift 是可数名词，这里泛指＂一个礼物＂，用不定冠词，gift 是辅音音素开头 的单词。故在 find 后面加 a。 第三处：careful 改成 carefully 修饰动词 chose 用副词。故把 careful 改成 carefully。 第四处：but 改成 and 由语境可知，这里是递进关系而不是转折关系，故把 but 改成 and。 第五处：showing 改成 show 这里是不定式作目的状语。故把 showing 改成 show。 第六处：under 改成 with with the help of 意为＂在……帮助下＂。故把 under 改成 with。 第七处：her 改成 his 由上文＂my father’s birthday＂可知这是爸爸的生日，用 his。故把 her 改成 his。 第八处：that 改成 which 这里是非限制性定语从句，用 which 指代上文内容，在定语从句中作主语，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。故把 that 改成 which。 第九处：take 改成 took 本文的主体时态是一般过去时。故把 take 改成 took。 第十处：去掉 in be filled with 意为＂充满了＂。故去掉 in。 题组三 体验真题 1.meant 【解析】分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用 meant。 2. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock 的主语是 I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示 a  careful carefully but and showing show under with her his that which take took in 15 过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填 was shocked。 3.were 4.tell → told 【解析】考查时态。短文通篇都是在回忆过去的事情，使用的是一般过去时，故把 tell 改为 told。 5.B 【解析】根据句中的时间状语 in the years ahead＂在未来几年中＂可知，本句应该使用一般将来时的被 动语态。 6.B 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据主句中 another person will 可知，此处隐含将来的动作，但是条件状语 从句中通常用现在时表示将来的动作。故选 B。句意：这就是我为什么为别人的生活增添乐趣。如果你不这 样做的话，天知道还会有谁做。 7.A 8.B 【解析】句意：＂彼得来了吗？＂＂没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。＂根据 at the last minute 在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。#网