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Unit 17 Laughter
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．anecdote n． 轶事，趣闻
2．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的，可笑的
3．politician n. 政治家
4．agency n. 代理处，经销处
5．forgetful adj. 健忘的
6．mature adj. 成熟的
7．counter n. 柜台
8．queue vi. 排队
9．swiftly adv. 迅速地
10．border n. 国界，边境
11．figure n. 人物
12．tension n. 紧张，焦虑
13．purely adv. 完全地，仅仅
14．partly adv. 部分地
15．rarely adv. 很少，难得
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．response n. 回答
2．withdraw vt. 提取；撤退
3．overlook vt. 忽视
4．clarify vt. 澄清，讲清楚
5．delay n. 延误，延期
6．acknowledge vt. 认可，承认
7．scratch n. 痕迹或划伤
vt. 划(破)
8．scold vt. 骂，责骂
9．forbid vt. 禁止，不准
10．universal adj. 通用的，普遍的；全世界的
11．desperate adj. 不顾一切的
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12．obtain vt. 得到，获得
13．compensate vt. 补偿，赔偿
14．component n. 成分，组成部分
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．amuse vt.逗乐，使(某人)笑→amusement n．娱乐，消遣；快乐的事，娱乐品→amused adj.娱乐的，觉得好笑的→amusing adj.逗人笑的，好笑的
2．harmony n．协调，和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的，和睦的
3．scared adj.惊恐的，担惊受怕的→scare vt.使恐惧→scary adj.可怕的，引起恐慌的
4．resist vt.抵抗，抵制→resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的→resistance n．抵制，抵抗
5．caution n．谨慎，小心→cautious adj.谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地
6．astonish vt.使惊讶，使惊骇→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.惊讶的→astonishment n．惊奇
7．disgusting adj.厌恶的→disgust n．厌恶，厌烦 v．使人厌烦→disgusted adj.感到恶心的，厌烦的
8．convince vt.使相信→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.相信的，信任的
9．starve vi.挨饿，饿死→starvation n．挨饿，饿死
10．tough adj.艰难的；不幸的；强壮的，强健的→toughly adv.坚硬地
11．accomplish vt.取得(成功)，完成(任务)→accomplishment n．功绩，成就
12．depth n．深(度)，纵深→deep adj.深的→deeply adv. 深深地→deepen vt.加深
13．profession n．职业，专业→professional adj.专业的
14．unbelievable adj.不可置信的，极其惊人的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信
1.“金融”词汇荟萃
①account n． 账目；账户
②budget n. 预算(案)
③capital n. 资金；资本
④cheque n. 支票
⑤interest n. 利息
⑥withdraw vt. 提取
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⑦financial crisis 金融危机
⑧financial market 金融市场
2.“推迟，耽搁”词汇小聚
①delay
②hold up
③postpone
④put off
⑤defer
⑥lay over
⑦detain
⑧stop over
3.由“figure”想到的
①VIP 重要人物
②a historical figure 历史人物
③a heroic figure 英雄人物
④a typical character 典型人物
⑤a big shot/a somebody 大人物
⑥a small potato/a nobody 小人物
⑦biography 人物传记
⑧legendary personage 传说人物
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．burst__out__laughing 突然笑起来
2．cash__a__cheque 兑现支票
3．wait__in__line 排队
4．get__rid__of 处理掉，摆脱
5．fool__around 胡闹，瞎弄
6．from__time__to__time 不时地
7．result__in 导致，造成
8．run__into 撞上
9．put__on 假装；穿上；上映
10．turn__sb.off 令人讨厌
11．regardless__of 不管，不顾
12．pull__faces 做鬼脸
13．thanks__to 多亏；由于
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14．do__sb.good 对某人有益
15．play__around 四处游戏
1.“有时”词语知多少
①from time to time 有时
②at times 间或
③now and then 偶尔
④once in a while 偶尔地
⑤sometimes 有时
2.“引起；导致”词语大荟萃
①contribute to 导致；造成
②lead to 引起，导致，造成
③result in 导致，造成
④bring about 引起，导致
⑤cause 引起，造成
3.“v.＋on”短语集锦
①touch on 涉及
②take on 雇用；呈现；承担
③put on 假装；穿上；上映
④hold on 不挂断电话
⑤focus on 专注于
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
Have you ever had__trouble__trying to spell a word？
你曾经在拼写一个单词时有过困难吗？
句型2：so...that...引导结果状语从句
He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him...
最后他不顾一切，甚至把一些(生肉)藏在坐在旁边的一位女士的钱包里……
句型3：while引导时间状语从句，从句省略了主语和be
While__still__at__primary__school,__Rowan had already shown admirable acting talent.
当上小学时，罗恩就已经表现出令人赞叹的表演天赋。
句型4：of the same
I felt at least forty more of__the__same__kind
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kind是“of＋名词”结构，它在句中常可用作表语、定语或宾语补足语
following the first.
跟着第一个，我又感觉到了至少四十个同样的人。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging(认可) that in many ways.
2．Overlooked(俯视) from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful at night.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As you know, to acquire(获得) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.
4．Jack and Mike were found cheating in the exam, and are being scolded(责骂) by their teacher at the moment.
5．There has been no response(回应) to his remarks from the government.
6．The street is always busy with heavy traffic, so extreme caution(cautious) is needed when you cross it.
7．A true friend is not scared(scare) to tell you what you are doing is wrong.
8．(2019·北京卷)Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(accomplish) in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.
9．Hearing the amusing(amuse) news, all the people in the room burst into laughter.
10．I find it unbelievable(believe) that people can accept this sort of behaviour.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The new rule isn’t practical, so there is a lot of resistance to it.Some people who are resistant to any form of change are resisting it.(resist)
2．I was disgusted to see the disgusting pictures and other people all looked at the pictures with disgust,__too.(disgust)
3．He showed me some convincing evidence to convince me that the story was true.At last I was convinced of what he said.(convince)
4．When I turned around, she was staring at the note on the wall in astonishment．She seemed astonished to see the note, for it was about an astonishing achievement.(astonish)
5．She was very cautious and placed the vase on the table with caution and then
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opened the door cautiously．(cautious)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
fool around; run into; wait in line; from time to time; thanks to; get rid of
As we all know, riding a bike is good for our health. However, I’d like to buy a new car 1.from__time__to__time. My parents thought that I 2.fooled__around. Although they disagreed, I bought a new car by taking out a loan.Unluckily, I almost 3.ran__into another car the first time I drove it.Now I often 4.wait__in__line on the road because of traffic jams. 5.Thanks__to my parents, they bought me a new bike.Sometimes I can 6.get__rid__of a lot of difficulties by bike.
turn out; regardless of; result in; run after; convince sb.of; do sb.good
On seeing my friends who had bought new iPhones, I was desperate to buy a new one. 7.Regardless__of my parents’ disagreement, I bought a new iPhone. But it 8.turned__out that I spent too much time playing it, which 9.resulted__in my failure in exams. My father 10.convinced__me__of the fact that children shouldn’t spend too much money and time on phones.Instead, reading books and studying 11.do__us__good．Finally, I realized that we shouldn’t 12.run__after new fashion.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．学汉语有困难时不要担心，慢慢来。
Don’t worry if you have__any__trouble__(in)__studying__Chinese,__and just take your time.
2．昨天天气很好，我们去野餐了。
The weather was so fine yesterday that we went out for a picnic.
3．站在山顶上时，他看到了那个小村庄。
While__standing__on__the__top__of__the__hill,__he saw the small village.
4．这酒与我们去年买的不一样。
The wine is not of__the__same__kind as the one we bought last year.
amuse vt.逗乐，使(某人)笑
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We can find something to amuse ourselves with until you get here.
②We were greatly amused to__hear(hear) about him sitting on the wet paint.
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③To the audience’s amusement,__the actor’s amusing performance really amused them and they all felt amused．(amuse)
④However amusing(amuse) the story is, I have to put it away and focus on my paper now.
⑤To be honest, I don’t find the host’s jokes amusing(amuse) at all.
⑥The young man often makes up some funny stories to keep us amused(amuse)．
⑦Amused by his adventure story in Africa, all of us stopped our work.
(1)amuse sb.with sth. 用某事使某人开心/高兴
(2)amusing adj. 有趣的，逗乐的
(3)amused adj. 感到快乐的
be amused at/by... 以……为乐
be amused to do sth. 做某事来取乐
(4)amusement n. 消遣；娱乐
to one’s amusement 让人感到愉快(有趣)的是
[佳句背诵] ①Someone might be amused when they understand a joke.
当听懂一个笑话时，他们可能会很开心。
②To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉下来了。
delay n．& v．延误，延期，耽搁
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To wait for him to come, we delayed getting(get) on board as long as we could.
②There is little time left, so I hope that discussion will take place without delay.
③Unfortunately, the flight was__delayed(delay) because of the heavy fog.
④When the delayed(delay) flight will take off depends much on the weather.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(天津卷)我们拖延得越久，我们会感到越累。
And the__longer__we__delay__it,__the more tired we feel.
⑥最后他们同意推迟做出最终的决定。
At last they agreed to delay__the__final__decision．
⑦(福建卷)Michael通知我们他的延误以防我们担心，他真是考虑周全。
It was considerate of Michael to inform__us__of__his__delay in case we got
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worried.
(1)delay doing sth. 延迟做某事
be delayed by... 因……而延误
(2)without delay 立即，立刻，毫不耽搁
(3)delayed adj. 延时的；拖延的
[佳句背诵] ①But it’s a bad habit to delay doing things. Don’t put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
但是做事拖拖拉拉不是个好习惯。不要把今天能做的事情留到明天。
②We shall be grateful if you will look into the matter and let us have a reply without delay.
如能调查此事并及时给予答复，我们将很感激。
acknowledge v．承认；认为；告知(收到)；确认；(公开)感谢
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have finally been__acknowledged(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
b．Generally acknowledged(acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country, he still lives a lowprofile life.
②a.With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the lady’s purse.
b．He acknowledged being__defeated(defeat) publicly by his friend in the game, which made us surprised.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③It__is__universally__acknowledged__that(大家公认) we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.
(1)acknowledge doing sth. 承认做了某事
acknowledge sth./＋that从句 承认……
acknowledge sb.as.../to be... 认为……是……(常用于被动语态)
(2)It is widely/universally acknowledged that...
大家公认……
[佳句背诵] Frequent travelling is widely acknowledged to be/as the easiest way to broaden our mental horizons.
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大家公认，经常旅游是开阔我们视野的最简单的方法。
[词块助记]
acknowledge my error 承认我的错误
acknowledge the greeting with a nod 点头回应了问候
resist v．抗拒；对抗；反抗；抵抗；忍住(一般用于否定式)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist taking(take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.
②a.(2017·北京卷)The resistance(resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.
b．Many young girls aren’t resistant(resist) to some delicious food, so they become fat.
[能力提升]——一句多译
购物时，人们常常忍不住买一些根本不需要的东西。
③When shopping, people often can’t__resist__buying something they don’t really need.(resist)
④When shopping, people often can’t__help__buying something they don’t really need.(help)
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can’t resist doing sth.＝can’t help doing sth.
无法抗拒做某事；
忍不住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；反抗的，抗拒的
resistance n. 抵抗；反对
[佳句背诵] We should resist the temptation of junk food.
我们应该抵制垃圾食品的诱惑。
[名师点津] resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can’t/can hardly/be not able to 连用；resist 后接v.ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。
forbid vt.(forbad/forbade，forbidden)禁止；不许
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is__forbidden(forbid), especially if you are a woman.
②a.You can’t smoke here. Regulations forbid smoking(smoke) in this room.
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b．The patients are forbidden, even if they have recovered, to__drink(drink) in the hospital.
[能力提升]——一句多译
禁止孩子们过度玩手机是父母的责任。
③It is their parents’ duty to forbid__the__children__to__play mobile phones excessively.
④It is their parents’ duty to forbid__the__children__from__playing mobile phones excessively.
forbid (doing) sth. 禁止 (做) 某事
forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.
禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事
[名师点津]
(1)forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式。
(2)与forbid用法类似的动词还有allow, advise, permit等。
[词块助记]
the Forbidden City 紫禁城
astonished adj.吃惊的，惊讶的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The old man was astonished to__see(see) so many people standing outside the gate.
②(2017·江苏卷)Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing(astonish) ways.
[能力提升]——一句多译
让我们感到非常惊讶的是，这个漂亮的女孩竟然是小偷。
③To__our__great__astonishment,__the beautiful girl is a thief.
④What__made__us__astonished__most__was__that the beautiful girl is a thief.(主语从句)
⑤We__were__astonished____at/by____the__fact that the beautiful girl turned out to be a thief.
(1)be astonished at/by sth. 对某事感到惊讶
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be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
(2)astonish vt. 使惊讶，使惊骇
It astonishes sb.that... 让某人惊讶的是……
(3)astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
(4)astonishment n. 惊讶，惊异
to one’s astonishment 让人吃惊的是
in/with astonishment 吃惊地
[名师点津] 表情绪变化的一些动词，如interest，excite，astonish，surprise等，它们的ed形式常用来修饰人，意为“感到……”；它们的ing形式常修饰事物，表示“令人感到……”。
convince vt.使信服；使相信
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Our football team is firmly convinced of its victory over the visiting team.
②I’m afraid that I can’t accept your argument, for you haven’t offered enough convincing(convince) evidence.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)我是一名中国的大学生，专业是艺术，我现在在伦敦学习，所以我相信我可以成为一名有奉献精神的志愿者。
I’m a Chinese college student majoring in art and I’m studying in London now, so I am__convinced__that__I__can__be__a__devoted__volunteer．
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人信服某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that... 使某人确信……
(2)convinced adj. 确信的；深信的
be convinced of/that... 确信……
(3)convincing adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
[佳句背诵] The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student. 这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个好学生更重要。
accomplish vt.取得(成功)；完成(任务)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is such a man who will never give up unless he accomplishes(accomplish) his
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aim.
②China has achieved great accomplishments(accomplish) in space science and technology in recent years.
③Lang Lang is one of the most accomplished(accomplish) pianists in the world.
④(上海卷)Youth sport has the potential to__accomplish(accomplish) three important objectives in children’s development.
(1)accomplish one’s aim 达到目的
accomplish a task 完成任务
(2)accomplishment n. 才艺，才能；实现；成就
(3)accomplished adj. 熟练的；有才艺的
[佳句背诵] This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. 这会给你做好下午工作所需要的自信，让你感到很有成就感地下班。(全国卷Ⅱ)
result in 导致
[基础练习]——对比填空(result in；result from；as a result；as a result of)
①There is more and more noise pollution. As__a__result,__many species are dying out.
②As__a__result__of more and more noise pollution, many species are dying out.
③More and more noise pollution has resulted__in many species dying out.
④The fact that many species are dying out results__from more and more noise pollution.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。
Misunderstandings resulting__from__lack__of__social__communication,__if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.(分词作定语)
(1)result from 由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果
as a result of 由于……的结果
without result 没有结果；白费
[佳句背诵] As a result, in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to
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apply for the job. 结果，为了丰富我的社会经验，我决定申请这份工作。
[名师点津]
(1)result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；
(2)result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”；
(3)表示“导致”的词语还有cause, lead to, contribute to等。
regardless of 不管；不顾
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) ...whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
[能力提升]——完成句子
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Despite/In__spite__of__the__rain(尽管下雨), we can still take part in physical activities in the stadium.
③(江苏卷)除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间上变得容易、方便了。
In addition, the Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient, regardless__of__time__and__space．
(1)regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
(2)despite＝in spite of 尽管；不管；虽然
(后常接名词，不接从句)
(3)with regard to 关于；至于
[佳句背诵] You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless of other people’s feelings.
如果你想说什么就说什么，而不管别人怎么想，你会伤害别人的。
thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
[能力提升]——完成句子
①(江苏卷)由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。
Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks__to__the__comfortable__climate for business creation.
②由于她的努力，她成功通过了考试。
Owing__to/Because__of__her__hard__work,__she succeeded in passing the exam.
③他失误的原因是年轻没有经验。
His mistake was due__to__youth__and__inexperience．
表示“由于，因为”意思的短语还有due to, as a result of, because of, owing to
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等。
[佳句背诵] ①Thanks to this treatment，the injured in the explosion were gradually picking up. 多亏了这种疗法，在爆炸中受伤的人正在逐渐地恢复中。
②At college I developed an eating disorder and began to feel quite anxious as a result of the diet pills I was taking. 在大学的时候，我得了饮食性疾病，然后因为服用控制饮食的药物而开始感到非常焦虑。
so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P24)He becomes so desperate in the end that he even hides some inside the purse of a woman sitting near him...
最后他不顾一切，甚至把一些(生肉)藏在坐在旁边的一位女士的钱包里……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Beijing is so attractive a place that lots of tourists from home and abroad visit the city every year.
②It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.
③(2018·江苏卷)Everyone is faced with such wonderful goods every day that they find they are difficult to choose from.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The volleyball match is so significant that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
(高级表达)So__significant__is__the__volleyball__match__that everyone should arrive at our school stadium ahead of schedule.(倒装)
(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：
(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：
(3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。
[佳句背诵] Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you.
每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。
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while引导时间状语从句，从句省略了主语和be
(教材P25)While still at primary school, Rowan had already shown admirable acting talent.
当上小学时，罗恩就已经表现出令人赞叹的表演天赋。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中while的含义
①Could you look after the children while I cook lunch？当……时
②The south of the country grows richer, while the north grows poorer.而，可是
③While I agree with you, I don’t believe that your way is the best.虽然
[能力提升]——句型转换
④While he was playing with the local children, he picked up some French.
→While__playing__with the local children, he picked up some French.
(1)句中While后省略了he was。当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
(2)while的用法归纳：
①引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”“在……期间”。
②引导让步状语从句，常放在句首，意为“尽管”“虽然”。
③连接并列句，表示对比，意为“而”“可是”。
[佳句背诵] While walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
当她沿着河岸散步时，她正在唱一首流行歌曲。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(天津卷)I got my next lesson from rock climbing.It was a fun thing but I was scared(scare) from the start.
2．When she saw a car coming，she tried desperately(desperate) to push the boy away.
3．(2018·江苏卷)These people earn a living wage for their professional(profession) knowledge and skills.
4．We were astonished to__find(find) the temple still in its original condition.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)It’s partly(part) true that Dickens’ style of writing
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attracted audiences from all walks of life.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.
2．While lying on the grass，the boy heard someone calling for help.
3．Michelle told me my picture showed joy, pride and a sense of accomplishment.
4．Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can result in bullying.
5．He went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．Unlike traditional amusement parks，theme parks often teach visitors something.消遣；娱乐
2．It is for these reasons that I am firmly convinced that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.使信服；使相信
3．It is universally acknowledged that wealth doesn’t necessarily mean happiness.认为
4．She is overweight, but she can’t resist eating more delicious food.抵抗
5．Our school is a nonsmoking school.So smoking is forbidden here.禁止
6．(2019·江苏卷) It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions.However，they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.导致
7．At our hotel, services are available to all, regardless of income or social status. 不管；不顾
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
It is generally 1.acknowledged(acknowledge) that laughter is beneficial to our health. It can result 2.in relaxed mind, help us get rid of bad moods and make 3.us(we) forget about misfortunes. Scientists convince people that laughter is very important in our life through experiments and it can help us live in harmony with each other even 4.if/though we run into some trouble. Therefore, no one can resist its charm.
As we know, comedians’ job is 5.to__amuse(amuse) the audience through humorous
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words and a series of simple and funny acts. My favourite comedian is Chen Peisi. While 6.watching(watch) his performances, the audience will burst into laughter from time to time. Even when his performances 7.are__delayed(delay), the audience never turn him off. I think no 8.accomplishment(accomplish) can be achieved in a short time, and 9.success(succeed) asks for continuous work and efforts. I am 10.rarely(rare) crazy about someone, but I do like Mr. Chen.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①查理·卓别林被公认为是电影史上最有名的喜剧演员之一。
Charlie Chaplin is__acknowledged__as one of the most outstanding comedians in__the__history__of the cinema.
②他最早的电影的魅力使大多数人无法抗拒。
His earliest films were__hard__to__resist for most people.
③在舞台上他想出了很多办法让观众开怀大笑。
On the stage he came__up__with many ways and could make people burst__into__laughter．
④他有能力让世人感到开心，他获得了许多成就。
He has__the__ability__to__amuse__people all over the world. He accomplished__many__achievements．
⑤他的表演使人们相信，应该积极地生活。
His performance convinced__people__that__they__should__lead__an__active__life．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用不定式作目的状语升级句③
On__the__stage__he__came__up__with__many__ways__to__make__people__burst__into__laughter.
⑦用so引导结果状语从句升级句④
He__has__the__ability__to__amuse__people__all__over__the__world,__so__he__accomplished__many__achievements.
3．衔接成美文
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One possible version：
Charlie Chaplin is acknowledged as one of the most outstanding comedians in the history of the cinema. His earliest films were hard to resist for most people. On the stage he came up with many ways to make people burst into laughter. He has the ability to amuse people all over the world, so he accomplished many achievements. His performance convinced people that they should lead an active life.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形＋1篇应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥第二次质检)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being
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out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
1．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious的意思为“迅速影响其他人”。
2．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability.
B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor.
D．Happiness and trust.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness...and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
3．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“However, what we often forget is that
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it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
B
(2020·安徽省示范高中模拟) “Joe? Is that you？” The woman speaking to me at the baseball game looked a little familiar. “Marci？” I asked. “It is you！” she cried out, smiling broadly. “It’s good to see you again！”
It was good to see Marci, too. Off and on during the past few decades, I’ve wondered about her. I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci. So meeting her at the baseball game was really a surprise.
We spent a few minutes talking about our lives—the good old and bad old days. Then Marci grew quiet for a moment. “You know, Joe，” she said, “I’ve always wanted to tell you how...how...sorry I am for the way I treated you. You must have been hurt both physically and mentally.” It was a little embarrassed. I turned and looked at her. “It’s OK，” I said, “No big deal！” “But I was such a jerk，” she continued. “Yes, you were，” I thought. “We were both pretty young，” I smiled. “I know，” she said. “It’s just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you. And I’ve wanted to tell you that I’m sorry.” The expression on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief. “OK，” I said. “Apology accepted！” Overcome by the sweetness of the moment, I reached an arm around her and gave her a quick hug. Just then, the crowd erupted with a huge cheer, and Marci and I both returned our attention to the game. By the time I looked over to where she had been and she was gone. But the warm, wonderful
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feeling of our brief exchange was still there, and continues to this day whenever I think about it.
It isn’t enough to just say “I’m sorry” and “You’re forgiven”. But when those words are truly felt and sincerely expressed, they can open the door to miracles of the heart. Forgiveness can bring peace to an injured soul—even years after the fact. Even at a baseball game.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在棒球赛场见到了多年未见的朋友Marci。她见到“我”后为以前那样对待“我”向“我”真诚地道歉，“我”立刻原谅了她。之后“我们”都感到温暖和愉快。
5．What kind of life did Marci live during the late 20th century according to the passage?
A．Happy. B．Busy.
C．Hard. D．Simple.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“I almost tried to search for her a few years ago after talking to a friend who had indicated that the 1990s had been pretty rough for Marci.”可知，在20世纪90年代Marci生活得很艰难，故C项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “jerk” in the third paragraph mean?
A．A humorous person. B．A cruel person.
C．A careless person. D．An honest person.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文中的“It’s just always bothered me, remembering how mean I was to you.”可知，当时她对“我”很刻薄，这件事一直困扰着她，再结合画线词所在句可知，她认为自己是一个刻薄的人；据此可知，画线词与B项含义相近，故B项正确。
7．Why did Marci look in relief after talking with the author?
A．Because her favorite team won the game.
B．Because she learned Joe was living a good life.
C．Because she made an apology to the author.
D．Because she found she was not mean any longer.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“‘...And I’ve wanted to tell you that I’m sorry.’ The expression on her face was warm and sincere. And there was something in her eyes—it looked a lot like relief.”可知，由于Marci向“我”真诚地道了歉，所以她的眼里露出了轻松，故C项正确。
8．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Excitement of a Baseball Game
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B．Mental Burden of a Woman
C．Miracles of Forgiveness
D．Relief of Finding a Friend
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章最后两句为全文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，本文通过讲述“我”接受朋友Marci的真诚道歉，体会到原谅可以抚慰受伤的心灵的故事，说明了原谅创造的奇迹，故C项最适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·兰州高三诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery(射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you’ve ever __2__ a mountain, you know it’s a physical challenge, __3__when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.
“How much farther is it？”
“I can’t go any further.”
“My __5__ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”
The reply of the __6__was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __7__ near the point of __8__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I don’t __12__ a single camper complaining at the __13__ of the mountain.
There are two ways to deal with an __14__ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you’re getting that __15__ energy out, but you’re probably not going to cause a positive change. It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the __16__ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They’re __17__ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life __18__ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own __19__， to move past it and focus on a __20__， it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A.experience B．behaviour
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C．occasion D．situation
A 解析：根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
C 解析：根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。
3．A.especially B．normally
C．obviously D．naturally
A 解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shocked
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。
5．A.food B．water
C．shelter D．backpack
D 解析：根据上文中的“when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。
6．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
B 解析：根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
7．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．nowhere D．everywhere
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。
8．A.camp B．exhaustion
C．mountain D．destination
B 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
A 解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。
10．A.shared B．understood
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C．suffered D．overcame
D 解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。
11．A.couldn’t help B．ended up
C．insisted on D．gave up
B 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。
12．A.recall B．forget
C．disturb D．forgive
A 解析：根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。
13．A.foot B．top
C．back D．base
B 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
D 解析：根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。
15．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．potential
C 解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。
16．A.dislike B．respect
C．sympathy D．enthusiasm
A 解析：根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。
17．A.amazing B．shocking
C．worrying D．annoying
D 解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。
18．A.poorer B．harder
C．easier D．better
B 解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。
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19．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
C 解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。
20．A.trip B．plan
C．solution D．dream
C 解析：参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你校成功举办了校园文化秀(the Campus Culture Show)。现在，请你按照以下要点给英国网友Wilson写一封邮件，分享这次活动。
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动内容；
3．活动感受。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Wilson，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Wilson，
I’m writing to share our school’s Campus Culture Show held last Friday on the second floor of our school’s art center.
The event was meant to enrich students’ life. Art works including photography and calligraphy were exhibited, from which we could appreciate the beauty of our life and experience the attraction of Chinese characters. What impressed us most
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was the folk dance and local operas performed by students. Through these activities, we not only got relaxed but also exposed ourselves to traditional Chinese culture.
Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Yours，
Li__Hua
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋
1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·昆明诊断测试)The world can be a scary place when you’re young. It can be even scarier when you’re a young little blue penguin(企鹅), the tiniest of the penguin species. Luckily, there are some humans willing to help. They stepped in to protect Billy, a blue penguin that appeared on a beach in Christchurch, New Zealand.
Spotted on November 29 at the slipway at Moncks Bay, near Sumner, in Christchurch, the little penguin immediately attracted a small crowd. Jeff Mein Smith saw the crowd while he was bicycling that afternoon, and he biked home to get his camera. When he returned to the scene, he found that the penguin had received a little sign, one that read “Hi, I’m waiting for my mum to come back. DOC(Department of Conservation) knows I’m here. Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away. Thanks, Billy the baby blue penguin.”
Billy didn’t move away from the sign. The DOC arrived later that afternoon to pick up Billy, though they were surprised to see it on the beach. “It’s unusual for a blue penguin to be out in the open on the beach during the day，” Anita Spencer, a DOC senior ranger, told Stuff.
Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach. Volunteers believe the bird may actually be a female penguin, and is around 2 months old. The chick weighs a mere 550 grams, less than a standard basketball. A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age. Most little penguins grow up to weigh 1 kilogram.
The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice, before it’s set free into the ocean.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了一只小蓝企鹅在人们的帮助下最终得救的故事。
1．Why can the world be frightening to a young penguin?
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A．It is a rare species.
B．It faces potential danger.
C．It is surrounded by the crowd.
D．It is threatened by dogs.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段，尤其是倒数第二、三句“Please leave me alone. Keep your dog away.”可知，当时有人在那只小蓝企鹅旁边竖立了一个牌子警示人们不要打扰它，不要让狗靠近它。由此可推知，对于那只小蓝企鹅来讲，这个世界是可怕的，因为它面临着一些潜在的危险。故B项正确。
2．It can be inferred from the text that Billy________．
A．is a female penguin
B．has expressed its thanks
C．weighs less for its age
D．prefers living on the beach
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The chick weighs a mere 550 grams, less than a standard basketball. A blue penguin should weigh around 900 grams at this age.”可知，这只小蓝企鹅体重只有550克，而处于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重应达到900克左右。由此可推知，这只小蓝企鹅的体重低于它这个年龄的小蓝企鹅的体重。故C项正确。
3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “retrieved” in Paragraph 4?
A．Ignored. B．Cured.
C．Given away. D．Brought back.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“Billy was taken to the Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation Center after being retrieved from the beach.”可知，这只小蓝企鹅是从沙滩上被带到克赖斯特彻奇的一个企鹅康复中心的。由此可推知，画线词与brought back “带回”意思相近。故D项正确。
4．What will happen to Billy in the center?
A．It will be reported to Stuff.
B．It will be visited by the locals.
C．It will be taken good care of.
D．It will be fed with fruit juice.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The center will help the little penguin gain some weight by feeding it fish juice, before it’s set free into the ocean.”可知，在这只小蓝企鹅被放回海洋之前，康复中心会帮助它增加一些体重。由此可推知，在那个企鹅康复中心里，这只小蓝企鹅会得到很好的照顾。故C项正确。
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B
(2020·佛山高三调研)I was selfish as a teenager. I usually spent my time thinking about myself and taking care of my own needs. I let my older brother do most of the work around the house until he left for college. I let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems while I read books, played, and lost myself in my own imagination. This didn’t change even when I went to college either. I studied hard but only to make my own life better. Even when I started to explore my faith, it was only to increase my own happiness.
I married after graduation and decided to start a family. Of course, I had no idea what hard knocks reality had in store for my selfish soul. Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people. In fact, all of the struggles I was going through were beating the selfishness slowly out of me.
Still, I didn’t give up on happiness, I knew that there must be a way to find it. I finally realized, however, that it had to include more than just my own needs, wants, and desires. The answer began to make itself clear one night shortly after my baby boy was born. I got a bottle and held him in my arms. As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.
Carolyn Arends wrote：“The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.” So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述作者由一个自私的人成长为一个心中对他人有爱的人，也明白了“爱他人即幸福”的道理的经历。
5．What do we know about the author form the first paragraph?
A．He often helped his brother with housework.
B．He studied hard for his family.
C．He put his own needs above others’．
D．He was concerned about his family.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“let my older brother do most of the work” “let my mom and dad worry about our bills and problems” “This didn’t change even
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when I went to college either” “I studied hard but only to make my own life better.”和“it was only to increase my own happiness” 的描述可推知，作者在青少年时期较为自私，行为处事总是只考虑自己，几乎不为家人考虑，即他把自己的需要放在别人的需要之上。故选C项。
6．What did the author realize after he suffered in life?
A．Spoiled people can’t survive the hardship of life.
B．Life is cruel to spoiled people.
C．Spoiled people are never happy in life.
D．Selfishness is helpful.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Soon I found myself unemployed, deeply in debt, and with a new baby on the way. I found out that life has little sympathy for spoiled people.”可知，作者在经历了人生的失意后，终于发现生活对被宠坏的人是残酷的。
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The author loved kids.
B．The author often fed his baby.
C．The author realized the importance of happiness.
D．When caring for his baby, the author got inspired.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As I was feeding him I looked down and saw his big, innocent, trusting eyes. I smiled and talked to him. Then he smiled and I could feel my heart growing, expanding with love. I felt such peace and joy. At that moment I had a hint of the truth: It is by growing our hearts with love that we find our happiness.”可推知，作者在照料孩子的过程中领悟到了通往幸福的途径。
8．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Loving Others, a Way to Happiness
B．The Elder One Grows, the More He Gets
C．Help Others, Help Oneself
D．Keep Growing to Live a Happy Life
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“‘The more people you let into your heart, the bigger your heart gets. The more love you get, the more love you have to give. It just keeps growing.’ So, keep loving, keep living and keep caring. Keep growing your heart today, tomorrow, and always.”的描述可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“爱他人即幸福”。
Ⅱ.七选五
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(2020·洛阳第二次统考)Can creativity be taught? That’s a question without a simple yes or no answer. Creativity may not be able to be taught directly, but what you can get better at is frequently targeting at the circumstances of life which bring the greatest chances for true creative expression. 1.________， but more like something which manifests(显现) itself inside those who learn to develop it and create the right conditions for it.
Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital. 2.________. You’ll be sharper than someone who merely fights with a larger set of tools.
Learn how to be resourceful. 3.________. Creativity is not just about creating something new but making old things work better as well. Think of crazy possibilities as well as practical ones. You might find inspiration for a workable solution in one of your ideas.
Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path. The problem of asking for feedback is that the feedback will be given according to the person’s past experience. Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best. 4.________. Just don’t let criticism destroy your creativity during the creative process.
5．________. Routines are positive if they strengthen a healthy creative consciousness and negative if they destroy that. The key is to discover a creative routine that puts you in a more creative mindset.
A．Creativity is not like a lightning strike
B．Having a routine is actually not a bad idea
C．You can literally do anything you like with them
D．Resourcefulness is about making the most of what you have to work with
E．The more limited your set of tools is, the more creative the output will be
F．This is done with good intentions, but it actually hurts your natural creativity
G．While breaking your routine once in a while to force new ways of thinking is good
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养创造力的一些方法。
1．A 解析：根据空后的“but more like something which...conditions for it”可知，空处和后面的句子构成一个“not...but...”句型。故选A项。
2．E 解析：由空前一句“Limit your selection of tools to only the most vital.”可知，E项符合语境，承接上文。故选E项。
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3．D 解析：空前一句“Learn how to be resourceful.”中的“resourceful”和D项中的“Resourcefulness”相呼应。故选D项。
4．F 解析：根据该段的主题句“Don’t listen to feedback(反馈) and keep following your own path.”并结合空前一句“Others will unconsciously push you in a direction that they see as the best.”可知，其他人的反馈意图是好的，但会伤害你的创造力。故选F项。
5．B 解析：根据文章的结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句。本段主要讲的是有一个固定的程序实际上不是一个坏主意。故选B项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)People use the word “friend” in a 1.____________(various) of ways. A friend can mean anything from an acquaintance(泛泛之交) to someone you’ve known. Whoever they are, friends are an important part of life at every stage.
For some people, making friends is easy. For others, it can be 2.____________ struggle. It’s easy for people who know how to connect with others. But you don’t need to be clever or 3.____________(charm) to make friends. People who make friends easily know how to be 4.____________(they). There’s an old saying：“A friend is someone who knows you well—and 5.____________(like) you anyway.”
There are three simple things you can do to make friends. First, you have to like yourself. Make a list of your 6.____________(strong), talents and achievements. That way, when you meet new people, you’ll know 7.____________you have to share. Next, learn how to listen. To succeed in friendships, you need to show an interest 8.____________ others. Ask questions about other people. Finally, it’s a good idea 9.____________(join) a club or take a class. That way, you can meet people who have similar interests. Good friends 10.____________(usual) like the same things.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了交朋友的三个简单步骤。
1．variety 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：人们用各种各样的方式使用“朋友”这个词。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。句意：对其他人来说，它可能是一种挣扎。此处struggle为可数名词，表示“挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用冠词a。
3．charming 解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的“clever or”并结合句意可知，此处应用形容词。
4．themselves 解析：考查代词。句意：交朋友的人很容易明白如何做自己。根据句意和主语People可知，此处应用themselves。
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5．likes 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，且此处和knows并列作谓语，故填likes。
6．strengths 解析：考查名词。根据后面的“talents and achievements”并结合句意可知，此处应用名词，且strength作“优点”讲时为可数名词，所以用strengths。
7．what 解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该宾语从句。
8．in 解析：考查介词。此处表示你需要对他人表现出兴趣。show an interest in...意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定用法。
9．to join 解析：考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知，此处是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to join。
10．usually 解析：考查副词。句意：好朋友通常喜欢相同的东西。空处修饰空后的动词like，故用副词usually。
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