2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Lifeinthefuture课后达标检测 人教版必修5 9页

Unit 3 Life in the future ‎(建议用时：50分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·河南适应性测试)Every year between May and September, all 54 employees of Basecamp, a Chicagobased web application company, have a short work week: just four days—a total of 32 hours. Also, they usually work five days a week for the rest of the year.‎ ‎“That’s plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect and all we want from people，” says Jason Fried, a cofounder. “Working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”‎ The company’s summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr.Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter week—to recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interests—would be undone.‎ His new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees’ physical and mental health. It is also the intensity(强度) of work. Moreover, it suggests that intense work harms career prospects. That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.‎ The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”．‎ The research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Basecamp’s fourday work week?‎ A．It lasts nearly half a year.‎ 9‎ B．The work pressure is too high.‎ C．There are some management problems.‎ D．Employees work more than 8 hours a day.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有4天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间，故选A项。‎ ‎2．What does Mr.Fried intend to say in paragraph 2?‎ A．Given plenty of time, people can do more.‎ B．To get work done well needs plenty of time.‎ C．People can do a job very well in a short work week.‎ D．A long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作50几个小时，60几个小时，甚至70几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，管理上是有问题的。由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。‎ ‎3．What does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?‎ A．Getting much more rest.‎ B．Improving work quality.‎ C．Refusing a fiveday work week.‎ D．Avoiding working too intensely.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的the research可定位到文章的第四至六段，通读这几段，尤其是第四段可知，这项新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工的身心健康有害，工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量，第五、六两段进一步说明了长时间和高强度工作的坏处，由此可以推知，该研究建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。‎ ‎4．What can be the best title for this passage?‎ A．More Work, More Profits B．Less Work, Less Benefits C．Shorter Week, Better Reward D．Longer Hours, Higher Intensity C　解析：标题归纳题。文章第一、二段以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。第三段介绍了较短的工作周的好处。第四至六段介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，‎ 9‎ 更进一步印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。由此可知C项最能概括全文内容。‎ B ‎(2020·济南高三质检)Nearly every week, we hear news about the latest successes and failures in driverless vehicles. But we hear little about how other industries are developing this same kind of technology. One industry heavily involved in researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture. Companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals.‎ One of the companies is ecoRobotix of Switzerland. It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm. The robot has four wheels to carry it through the fields in search of weeds. Computercontrolled arms then lower and spray the weeds with small amounts of herbicide(除草剂)．Company officials say the robot can fully operate on its own for up to 12 hours a day while being powered by the sun. It uses the same kind of sensor and positioning technology used to guide driverless vehicles. A farmer can also control the equipment through a smartphone.‎ The cofounder of ecoRobotix, Aurélien Demaurex, says the farm robot can kill weeds with 20 times less herbicide than traditional methods. This is because the system uses exactly the right amount of chemical in the exact place required to kill the weeds. Currently, farmers spread weed killers over massive areas to destroy unwanted plants.‎ Another company developing farm robotics is Californiabased Blue River Technology. The company has a system called “See & Spray”， which it claims was the world’s first smart sprayer. The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds. It can also spray chemicals on wanted plants to help them grow. Ben Chostner, vicepresident of business development for Blue River Technology, explains in a company video that See & Spray technology uses the same deep learning methods used in facial recognition. “The first time the machine saw a pigweed, it didn’t know what kind of plant it was. But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it’s an expert in pigweed.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　研究者们正在试验农业方面的人工智能高科技工具，这些工具可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。‎ ‎5．How will AI benefit agriculture?‎ A．It will fund agriculture research.‎ 9‎ B．It contributes to lowcost farming.‎ C．It can avoid harmful chemicals.‎ D．It frees all farmers from field work.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Companies are experimenting with hightech tools that can help farmers save time and money, while reducing environmentharming chemicals.”可知，人工智能可以帮助农民节省时间和金钱，同时减少使用对环境有害的化学物质。故选B。文章没有提到人工智能会资助农业研究，故A项错误；根据文章第二、三段内容可知，人工智能可以进行精准喷洒小剂量除草剂等，而不是避免有害化学物质，故C项错误；此外，本文没有提到使所有的农民从农田劳作中解放出来，故D项错误。‎ ‎6．What do the products of the two companies have in common?‎ A．They use recognition technology.‎ B．They are powered by solar energy.‎ C．They are connected with smartphones.‎ D．They can help wanted plants grow rapidly.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It created a robot equipped with AI and cameras to identify all plants on a farm.”以及第四段第三句“The system—which is connected to the back of a tractor—is also equipped with AI to identify and chemically kill only the weeds.”可知，两个公司的产品的共同点就是它们都使用了识别技术，故选A。‎ ‎7．What do Ben Chostner’s words suggest about the robot?‎ A．It is environmentally friendly.‎ B．It is good at selfimproving.‎ C．It has the learning ability.‎ D．It can track various plants.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“But we taught it—by giving it tens of thousands of examples of that pigweed—and now it’s an expert in pigweed.”可知，通过给它成千上万的例子来教它，这个机器现在在识别苋方面是一个专家。由此可推知，Ben Chostner意在表明该机器人有学习能力。故选C。‎ ‎8．What is mainly talked about in the text?‎ A．The experiment in farming robots.‎ B．New trend in artificial intelligence.‎ C．Modern See & Spray technology.‎ D．Artificial intelligence in agriculture.‎ D　解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“One industry heavily involved in ‎ 9‎ researching and developing artificial intelligence, or AI, is agriculture.”可知，农业是研究和开发人工智能(AI)的重要行业之一；然后文章第二至四段介绍了两个公司的人工智能产品是如何帮助农业生产的。由此可知，本文的主旨是介绍人工智能在农业中的应用。故选D。文章第二至四段列举了两个公司是如何将人工智能应用到农业中去的，其中提到了机器人实验以及产品的名称及功能等，但这些都是为了说明人工智能是如何在农业中应用的，故A、C两项错误；此外，文章没有重点讲述人工智能新的发展趋势，故B项错误。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·石家庄模拟)One day, I was driving with my threeyearold granddaughter, Madison, when I saw a __1__ reading “Friendly Upholstery(家具装饰品)”. It was a small __2__．‎ When I parked my car and walked inside, the gentleman was __3__， so I began to __4__ Madison what they built in such a place. As we were walking around, I __5__ to tell him to take his __6__ as I was in no hurry.‎ When he __7__ his call, I began to __8__ I had a wooden shelf in my home office that extended out from my desk and that __9__ my granddaughter would strike her head. I needed something soft to __10__ the shelf to protect her.‎ ‎“She’s a pretty little thing，” he said __11__， reaching out to make her laugh.‎ I stood watching as he headed off to a back room. Minutes later, he returned __12__ a piece of leather. I took it and __13__ how much it would be. “How much do I __14__ you？” “Don’t worry about it，” he told me, as he waved his hand __15__．‎ After thanking him, we drove home, where I covered the shelf with the leather. It was less than an hour later when Madison slipped off my desk, hitting her face directly on the side of the shelf. A bit scared, she got up, __16__．‎ I was inspired by that gentleman’s __17__ for someone else’s safety, rather than the money that he could have gotten from me, a(n) __18__ from out of nowhere.‎ Last week, one year later, I returned to his small shop and __19__ him once again. I wanted him to know that kindness is __20__ appreciated by some, even in this day and age, and that I will forever remember it.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者带着3岁的孙女在家具装饰品店购买东西时，店主善意相助，作者对此非常感激的故事。‎ ‎1．A.notice　　　　　　　　　 B．sign C．warning D．title B 9‎ ‎　解析：notice意为“通知”；sign意为“招牌”；warning意为“警告”；title意为“标题”。此处表示“我”正开车带着“我”3岁的孙女行驶在路上，这时“我”看见了一个招牌，上面写着“友好家具装饰品”。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.market B．garage C．shop D．buffet C　解析：garage意为“车库”；buffet意为“快餐部，自助餐”。根据下文中的“I returned to his small shop”可知，选C。‎ ‎3．A.in trouble B．on leave C．in the queue D．on the phone D　解析：in trouble意为“陷入困境”；on leave意为“休假”；in the queue意为“排队”；on the phone意为“打电话”。根据下文中的“When he ______ his call”可知，店主正在打电话。故选D。‎ ‎4．A.show B．teach C．offer D．award A　解析：根据下文中的“As we were walking around”可知，店主在打电话，所以“我”开始带着孙女在店里四处看看。故选A。‎ ‎5．A.glanced B．yelled C．gestured D．bowed C　解析：店主在打电话，所以“我”做手势告诉他慢慢打电话，因为“我”不着急，故选C。‎ ‎6．A.time B．order C．turn D．seat A　解析：参见上题解析。take one’s time表示“不着急，慢慢来”，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.answered B．canceled C．returned D．completed D　解析：根据下文“我”开始跟他解释“我”需要买的东西可知，此处表示“当他打完电话”。故选D。‎ ‎8．A.argue B．explain C．conclude D．condemn B　解析：参见上题解析。argue意为“争论”；explain意为“解释”；conclude意为“得出结论”；condemn意为“谴责”。故选B。‎ ‎9．A.frequently B．permanently C．casually D．deliberately A　解析：frequently意为“频繁地”；permanently意为“永久地”；casually意为“偶然地”；deliberately意为“故意地”。根据语境可知，“‎ 9‎ 我”的家庭办公室里有一个木架子从“我”的桌子上伸出来，“我”孙女频繁地撞到头，因此“我”需要一些柔软的东西去盖住它来保护孙女，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.decorate B．support C．cover D．fix C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎11．A.proudly B．abruptly C．calmly D．kindly D　解析：根据本句中的“She’s a pretty little thing”和“reaching out to make her laugh”可知，应选D。‎ ‎12．A.selling out B．holding out C．picking up D．gathering up B　解析：sell out意为“卖完”；hold out意为“递出”；pick up意为“拿起”；gather up意为“收拢”。几分钟后，他回来递给“我”一片皮革，故选B。‎ ‎13．A.wondered B．suspected C．calculated D．announced A　解析：wonder意为“想知道”；suspect意为“怀疑”；calculate意为“计算”；announce意为“宣布”。“我”想知道这个要花多少钱。故选A。‎ ‎14．A.reward B．know C．owe D．envy C　解析：根据上文中的“how much it would be”可知，此处表示“我”该付你多少钱。故选C。‎ ‎15．A.up and down B．now and then C．in and out D．back and forth D　解析：up and down意为“来回，往复”；now and then意为“时常”；in and out意为“时常出入”；back and forth意为“反复来回”。他告诉“我”别担心，同时反复来回地挥着手，故选D。‎ ‎16．A.unaware B．unhurt C．disappointed D．disabled B　解析：根据下文中的“I wanted him to know...I will forever remember it.”并结合语境可知，孙女没有受伤，故选B。‎ ‎17．A.sacrifice B．promise C．demand D．concern D　解析：sacrifice意为“牺牲”；promise意为“诺言”；demand意为“要求”；concern意为“关爱，关怀”。根据语境可知，‎ 9‎ 那位先生对其他人安全的关心而不是为了从“我”——一个突然出现的陌生人这里得到钱的行为鼓舞了“我”，故选D。‎ ‎18．A.stranger B．driver C．neighbor D．instructor A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.assisted B．questioned C．thanked D．comforted C　解析：根据语境可知，时隔一年后的上周，“我”回到了他的小店再次感谢(thanked)他，故选C。‎ ‎20．A.temporarily B．truly C．instantly D．generally B　解析：temporarily意为“暂时地”；truly意为“确实地”；instantly意为“立刻”；generally意为“通常”。“我”想让他知道善良确实是被有些人感激的，故选B。‎ Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2020·东北三省四市二模)你校学生会计划举办“汉语桥”活动，你受学生会委托写一则通知，邀请你校美国留学生参加此活动。‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎ 1.介绍活动的意义；‎ ‎ 2.邀请美国留学生参加动员会(the pep rally)；‎ ‎ 3.动员会的时间、地点。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Notice Dear overseas students from America，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Students’ Union One possible version：‎ Notice Dear__overseas__students__from__America，‎ 9‎ Here comes the news that a Chinese Bridge activity will be held in our school. So all of participants are warmly welcome in the pep rally to get fully prepared for the followups.‎ ‎①Aimed at promoting Chinese culture around the world, the Chinese Bridge acts as a platform to help narrow the gap of understanding China. Whoever is actively involved in the activity will develop a positive awareness of Chinese and its culture behind. ②Based on it, the pep rally is scheduled in our school auditorium from 2 pm－3 pm next Friday afternoon.‎ Please make sure you are available at that time and join us.‎ Students’__Union ‎【一句多译】‎ ‎①The Chinese Bridge, whose aim is to promote Chinese culture around the world, acts as a platform to help narrow the gap of understanding China.‎ ‎②Based on it, it is scheduled that the pep rally will be held in our school auditorium from 2 pm－3 pm next Friday afternoon.‎ 9‎