百师联盟2021届高三一轮复习联考（一）英语试题 Word版含解析 24页

百师联盟2021届高三 一轮复习联考（一）全国卷 英语试卷 注意事项：‎ ‎1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上写在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 考试时间120分钟，满分150分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirt?‎ A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.‎ 答案是C.‎ ‎1.Where did the woman see Jessica?‎ A.In London. B.At the cinema. C.At her sister's.‎ ‎2.What is the man probably?‎ A.A professor. B.A doctor. C.A nurse.‎ ‎3.What will the woman do?‎ A.Travel on the summer vacation. B.Eat in the restaurant. C.Take a part-time job.‎ ‎4.What do we know about the man?‎ A.He often finds excuses to be off.‎ B.He often asks the woman to walk his dog.‎ C.He needs to find someone to look after his dog.‎ ‎5.When will the next train leave for New York?‎ A.9:30 am. B.10:00 am. C.10:30 am.‎ 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6.What information is needed to become a member of the library?‎ A.His family members. B.His student card member. C.His bank account.‎ ‎7.How long can the man keep the library book?‎ A.A day. B.A month. ‎ - 24 -‎ ‎ C. A week.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8.9题。‎ ‎8.Where is Julia Swan?‎ A.In her hometown. B.In New York. C.In Cambridge.‎ ‎9.What did Julia ask the speakers to do?‎ A.Attend her art lessons. B.Work at Stanford University. C.Go to see her when they have time.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。‎ ‎10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A.Old colleagues. B.Classmates in college. C.Friends from childhood.‎ ‎11.What has the woman prepared for Helen as a gift?‎ A.A necklace. B. A.photo album. C.A song.‎ ‎12.When will the woman set off?‎ A.On Wednesday. B.On Thursday. C.On Friday.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。‎ ‎13.Where is the apartment located?‎ A.On Forest Avenue. B.On Union Avenue. C.On Grand Avenue.‎ ‎14.What would the woman like to have near the apartment?‎ A.A supermarket. B.A hospital. C.A subway station.‎ ‎15.How much should the woman pay in total?‎ A.$1,800. B.$1,620. C.$1,440.‎ ‎16.What will the man have to pay if he rents the house?‎ A.Water. B.Electricity. C.Parking.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17.What is speaker mainly talking about?‎ A Effects of Global warming B Ecosystem changes C.Species' adaptation to climate change.‎ ‎18.Which reason is not mentioned for ecosystem changes?‎ A.Agriculture. B.Pollution. C.Desertification.‎ ‎19.How fast are plants required to move according to the surface temperature changes?‎ A.3.5 kilometers a year. B.3.5 miles a year. C.3.5 feet a year.‎ ‎20.What may happen if global warming continues at its currently projected rate?;‎ A.Many species will be hard to survive.‎ B.Many species will migrate faster.‎ C Many species will have enough to eat.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A - 24 -‎ Join us in the summer in Oxford on our award-winning Oxford Summer School,which provides students from all over the world with the chance to live,study and have dinner in colleges of the University of Oxford.‎ Merton College The foundation of Merton dates back to 1264.The college's library is the oldest library in the university, built in three stages from 1288 to 1378. Merton has a desirable city-centre location just off the High Street, although stepping into its peaceful gardens can make the hustle and bustle(喧器) of everyday Oxford seem a million miles away. Oxford Royale Summer School students staying at Merton College are guaranteed easy access to Oxford's many attractions and amenities(便利设施) with key historical sites on their doorstep.The college has a reputation for academic excellence.‎ The Queen's College The Queen's College is one of Oxford's oldest and most central colleges, located on the High Street in the city centre.It was founded in 1341 and named after Queen Philippa of Hainault.Owing to its central location,Oxford Royale Summer School students staying at the Queen's College will have easy access to Oxford's many attractions and amenities.‎ St Peter's College St Peter's is one of the University of Oxford's youngest colleges.It was founded in 1929 as an independent hostel for students with the aim of providing low-cost education.In 1961,St Peter's became a college of the university.The college site includes a combination of different styles of architecture,with a mixture of traditional and modern buildings. Recently the college sports teams have been very successful,especially the boat club.‎ St Catherine's College St Catherine's College is the University of Oxford's youngest undergraduate college,founded in 1962.The striking glass and concrete buildings were designed by Arne Jacobsen,combining modern building materials with the traditional college.The college is also proud of numerous Nobel Prize winners,including Sir John Vane and John E.Walker.St Catherine's College is a short walk away from Oxford's citycentre.‎ ‎1. What can you do if you go to Merton College?‎ A. Live in modern buildings. B. Visit the Nobel Museum.‎ C. Shop in the High Street. D. Join the boat club.‎ - 24 -‎ ‎2. How is St Catherine's College different from the other three colleges?‎ A. It is close to Oxford's city-centre. B. It is younger than the other schools.‎ C. It has many traditional buildings. D. It is known for its academic excellence.‎ ‎3. If you are fond of sports activities, you can go to____.‎ A. St Peter's College B. Merton College C. the Queen's College D. St Catherine's College ‎【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牛津大学四所学院的情况，这些学院为来自世界各地的学生提供在牛津大学各学院生活、学习和就餐的机会。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Merton has a desirable city-centre location just off the High Street, although stepping into its peaceful gardens can make the hustle and bustle(喧器) of everyday Oxford seem a million miles away.”可知Merton位于市中心繁华的商业街附近，虽然走进它宁静的花园会让牛津每天的喧嚣似乎遥不可及。由此可知，如果你上Merton College，你能在商业街购物。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“St Catherine's College is the University of Oxford's youngest undergraduate college, founded in 1962.”可知St Catherine's College是牛津大学最年轻的本科学院，成立于1962年。由此可知，St Catherine's College与其他三所学院的不同在于它比其他学校年轻。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Recently the college sports teams have been very successful, especially the boat club.”可知最近学院的运动队非常成功，尤其是划船俱乐部。由此可知，如果你喜欢体育活动，你可以去St Peter's College。故选A。‎ B Culture shock is a broad term for the series of personal difficulties that people go through in new places.It's usually most extreme for those who can't speak the language of the place they have moved to,or for those who aren't familiar with the social rules.Both of these things applied to me in China when I moved there in 2011.‎ - 24 -‎ So,naturally,I went through the four well-known stages of culture shock:honeymoon,distress（痛苦），re-integration(重新融入）and autonomy(独立自主）。‎ When I arrived,I was excited and optimistic,but I quickly became irritated(恼火的）by cultural differences,missing how things worked back home.‎ By the end of my first year,I had totally lost my self-confidence;I was a bitter,clumsy and sensitive person,and I blamed China for making me that way.‎ Then,in my second year,I started to pick up some language skills,and I found fun activities to do in my spare time.I made great foreign and Chinese friends,and I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture.‎ I learned to consider myself a confident and happy laowai.‎ Today I'm back in the US,where I'm pursuing a PhD at a university in my hometown.It's been a little tough to readjust to life in my home country.I suffered at first from"reverse"culture shock, experiencing the four stages in the opposite order.‎ I started out feeling independent and self-confident,before slowly realizing that I knew my country much less well than I used to.I'd complain loudly about little things,like how I could no longer shout"fuwuyuan!"to get a waiter's attention in a restaurant.‎ But eventually,I came to realize that what I had thought was my"home"had become an entirely new place while I'd been away.That,by itself,was exciting.‎ ‎4. Which of the following least helped the author ease his culture shock in China?‎ A. By learning the Chinese language.‎ B. By making local friends.‎ C. By joining in fun activities.‎ D. By attending history courses.‎ ‎5. Which stage of culture shock does Paragraph 4 mainly describe?‎ A. Distress.‎ B. Honeymoon.‎ C. Re-integration.‎ D. Autonomy.‎ ‎6. What does the word"reverse"mean in Paragraph 7?‎ A. Exchange the position.‎ - 24 -‎ B. Stop having a particular position.‎ C. Change the order of something around.‎ D. Change the previous decision.‎ ‎7. When the author went back to the US,what did he do?‎ A. He moved to a new place with his family.‎ B. He felt relaxed in a more familiar culture.‎ C. He missed his life in China very much.‎ D. He found it difficult to adapt to life there.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在中国期间经历的文化冲击的四个阶段：蜜月、痛苦、重新融入和独立自主。回到美国后，作者又经历了“反向”文化冲击。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。文章第五段中提到“Then, in my second year, I started to pick up some language skills, and I found fun activities to do in my spare time. I made great foreign and Chinese friends, and I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture. ”。学习汉语、结交当地的朋友、参加有趣的活动，能帮助作者缓解他在中国的文化冲击，让他渐渐对中国历史和文化产生兴趣。文章中没有提到参加历史课程的学习。由此可知，学习历史课程对缓解文化冲击没有什么帮助。故选D项。‎ ‎5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。文章第四段中提到“I had totally lost my self-confidence; I was a bitter, clumsy and sensitive person, and I blamed China for making me that way. ”在这一段时期内，作者已经完全失去了自信，觉得自己是一个尖刻、笨拙、敏感的人，并且责怪是中国使他变成那个样子。由此可见，该段描述的是作者处于文化冲击四个阶段中的“distress（痛苦）”这一阶段。故选A项。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。划线词后一句提到“…experiencing the four stages in the opposite order.( 以相反的顺序经历这四个阶段。)”根据in the opposite order可以猜测，reverse意思为 “反向的，逆向的”。故选A项。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ - 24 -‎ 细节理解题。文章倒数第三段中提到“It's been a little tough to readjust to life in my home country.”可知，当作者回到美国，他发现很难重新适应那里的生活。故选D项。‎ C From a distance, they look like nothing more than thin red lines on the horizon, easily lost in the rough blue of the Atlantic Ocean. But get closer and the significance of the 140m-long tubes becomes apparent: they are the beginning of an entirely new industry in the hunt for clean power.‎ Yesterday, the red snake-like objects were laid as part of the world's, first wave-power station, off the coast of the northern Portuguese town of Agucadoura. The project marks the latest step in Portugal's moves to become a leader in developing renewable energy sources.‎ At the heart of the power station are three round wave energy converters(转换器), designed and built by a British company Pelamis Wave Power. Moving up and down on the endless supply of waves in the open sea, they change the motion into electricity, without sending out any of the carbon dioxide responsible for warming the planet.‎ The Pelamis wave machines will produce 2.25 Megawatt(MW兆瓦), enough for the annual needs of about 1,500 homes. Eventually, the station will be expanded with a further 25 Pelamis machines so that it can produce up to 21MW of power. That will save 60,000 tons of CO2 per year compared with a conventional fossil fuel plant.‎ ‎“The future of wave energy starts today,” said ManuelPinho, Portugal's economics minister. “Portugal wants to be good in renewable energy. We are among the top five in the world, and we are just in the beginning of the process. We think this can create an industrial revolution and a lot of opportunities for jobs and research and we want to lead the trend.”‎ In addition to this flagship wave power, the Portuguese are spending large amounts of money on other renewable technologies. In the past three years, the country has enlarged 3 times its hydroelectric capacity and 4 times its wind power sources-northern Portugal has the world's biggest wind farm. They are already spending &250m on more than 2,500 solar panels to build the world's largest solar farm near the small town of Moura in eastern Portugal. It will have twice the area of London's Hyde Park and supply 45MW of electricity each year, enough to power 30,000 homes.‎ ‎8. What are the tubes in the water used to do?‎ A. To decorate the coast. B. To hunt for ocean animals.‎ - 24 -‎ C. To take advantage of the waves. D. To prevent huge waves in the ocean.‎ ‎9. How will the wave power station benefit the country?‎ A. There will be less unemployment. B. Industry have been fast developed.‎ C. Fewer waves will damage the coast. D. Carbon dioxide will be reduced.‎ ‎10. What can we infer from the text?‎ A. Portugal is rich in new energy resources.‎ B. Portugal is short of renewable energy.‎ C. Portugal's solar plant will be as large as London's Hyde Park.‎ D Portugal will bring in technologies to develop wave and solar energy.‎ ‎11. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. The Future of Renewable Energy Starts Today B. Portugal's Moves to Employ Ocean's Power C. The Fossil Energy Is to Be out of Date D. Clean Energy Is on Its Way in Portugal ‎【答案】8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了葡萄牙通过在海里放置波浪能量转换器将海浪运动转化为电能，该项目标志着葡萄牙在成为开发可再生能源的领导者方面迈出的最新一步。文章还介绍了这种波浪发电机的工作原理、特点以及相关人员对这一举措的看法，最后介绍了葡萄牙其他丰富的新能源资源。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Moving up and down on the endless supply of waves in the open sea, they change the motion into electricity, without sending out any of the carbon dioxide responsible for warming the planet.”可知它们沿着公海上源源不断的波浪上下移动，将这种运动转化为电能，而不释放任何导致地球变暖的二氧化碳。由此可知，水里的管子是用来利用海浪的。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We think this can create an industrial revolution and a lot of opportunities for jobs and research and we want to lead the trend.”可知我们认为这会引发一场工业革命，为就业和研究创造大量机会，我们希望引领这一趋势。由此可知，波浪电站对国家的好处是减少失业。故选A。‎ - 24 -‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In the past three years, the country has enlarged 3 times its hydroelectric capacity and 4 times its wind power sources-northern Portugal has the world's biggest wind farm. They are already spending &250m on more than 2,500 solar panels to build the world's largest solar farm near the small town of Moura in eastern Portugal.”可知在过去的三年里，葡萄牙的水力发电能力增加了3倍，风力发电能力增加了4倍——葡萄牙北部拥有世界上最大的风力发电场。他们已经在葡萄牙东部小镇Moura附近花费2.5亿英镑购买2500多块太阳能板，建造世界上最大的太阳能发电厂。由此可推知，葡萄牙新能源资源丰富。故选A。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Yesterday, the red snake-like objects were laid as part of the world's, first wave-power station, off the coast of the northern Portuguese town of Agucadoura. The project marks the latest step in Portugal's moves to become a leader in developing renewable energy sources.”可知昨天，这些红色蛇形物体被放置在葡萄牙北部城镇Agucadoura海岸，作为世界上第一个海浪发电站的一部分。该项目标志着葡萄牙在成为开发可再生能源的领导者方面迈出的最新一步。结合文章说明了葡萄牙通过在海里放置波浪能量转换器将海浪运动转化为电能，该项目标志着葡萄牙在成为开发可再生能源的领导者方面迈出的最新一步。文章还介绍了这种波浪发电机的工作原理、特点以及相关人员对这一举措的看法，最后介绍了葡萄牙其他丰富的新能源资源。由此可知，B选项“葡萄牙利用海洋力量的行动”最符合文章标题。故选B。‎ D Most credit cards today use magnetic strips(磁条) that hold the encrypted(加密)data about the owner's bank account and personal identification number called a PIN. Other credit cards hold the data in memory chips that communicate wirelessly with card readers. Both systems are easy to be attacked. Criminals can secretly find a way to enter the computer systems of the banks or retailers(零售商), and steal the data illegally or,as in the case of Target,disturb the card readers in stores by implanting virus.‎ Now, scientists in Britain say they are developing a way to make encrypted data more secure by storing it in the plastic itself. Gordon Smith, a retired professor at Warwick Manufacturing Group, at the University of Warwick, says researchers are using a plastic molding(模具) machine to encrypt data with the colors of the card. "As it's making that plastic from a molten plastic into a solid - 24 -‎ ‎ component, we are moving the pigments(颜料) so that they form specific images.The way the pigment is arranged in a particular way inside the plastic ensures the security of the data.When the card is passed through a special scanner,similar to magnetic strip readers,the software reads the fixed image containing the data."When we first developed the images within the plastic,it looked as though it would just be an artistic aspect to it,but then we've realized that once we could make it covert,we could color the plastic so that the image was hidden,then it became something a lot more special.‎ Smith admits the system could be compromised if someone discovers how the card was made, but says that's unlikely. The counterfeiter would need to have access to an injection molding machine that costs more than $300,000.‎ The patent for this new method is not yet officially recognized,and it has not been used commercially at all. But Smith says some credit card companies have already indicated they are interested in the technology.‎ ‎12. How do criminals threaten today's credit cards?‎ A By robbing the users and damaging their cards.‎ B. By stealing the cards from banks or supermarkets.‎ C. By copying the card readers and using them in stores.‎ D. By programming the computer with virus to damage the data.‎ ‎13. What can we know about the new way of encrypting data?‎ A. The data is not stored in the computer. B. The data is secured by the colors of the card.‎ C. The data is invisible to criminals. D. The data is hidden in a complex chip.‎ ‎14. Why will the new encrypting system be much safer?‎ A. The card is made of plastics.‎ B. The system is secured with memory chips.‎ C. The injection molding machine is expensive.‎ D. Credit card companies will produce the cards secretly.‎ ‎15. What does the underlined word "counterfeiter" refer to in Paragraph 3?‎ A. Criminal. B. Inventor. C. Discoverer. D. Banker.‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A - 24 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。如今，大多数信用卡都使用磁条来保存所有者的银行账户和个人识别码等加密数据，而如今研究人员正在使用一种塑料成型机用卡片的颜色来加密信用卡上的数据。文章主要介绍了这种卡的制作过程、优势以及未来的前景。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Criminals can secretly find a way to enter the computer systems of the banks or retailers(零售商), and steal the data illegally or, as in the case of Target, disturb the card readers in stores by implanting virus.”可知犯罪分子可以偷偷摸摸地进入银行或零售商的电脑系统，非法窃取数据，或者像Target那样，通过植入病毒来干扰商店的读卡器。由此可知，犯罪分子通过在计算机上设置病毒来破坏数据，从而威胁到信用的卡使用。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Gordon Smith, a retired professor at Warwick Manufacturing Group, at the University of Warwick, says researchers are using a plastic molding(模具) machine to encrypt data with the colors of the card.”可知华威大学华威制造集团的退休教授戈登·史密斯说，研究人员正在使用一种塑料模具机，用卡片的颜色来加密数据。由此可知，数据是由卡的颜色保护的。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Smith admits the system could be compromised if someone discovers how the card was made, but says that's unlikely. The counterfeiter would need to have access to an injection molding machine that costs more than$300,000.”可知Smith承认，如果有人发现了这张卡是如何制作的，系统就会受到威胁，但这是不可能的。伪造者需要使用价值超过30万美元的注塑机。由此可知，新的加密系统会更安全，是因为注塑机很贵。故选C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Smith admits the system could be compromised if someone discovers how the card was made, but says that's unlikely.( Smith承认，如果有人发现了这张卡是如何制作的，系统就会受到威胁，但这是不可能的)”以及后文“would need to have access to an injection molding machine that costs more than $300,000.”可知Smith表示那些发现了这种卡是如何制作的人（即犯罪分子）也不可能威胁到系统，因为这些犯罪分子需要使用价值超过30万美元的注塑机才能制造出这种卡。由此可知，划线词意思为“犯罪分子”。A. Criminal.犯罪分子；B. Inventor.发明者；C. Discoverer.发现者；D. Banker.银行家。故选A。‎ - 24 -‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。‎ As the coronavirus outbreak continues,many Americans are fearful of using public transportation.They also are looking for ways to get exercise without having to go to a gym,as well as ways to enjoy the outdoors. ___16___‎ In the United States,bicycles at big stores like Walmart have sold out.And small bicycle stores cannot keep up with demand for"family-style"bicycles:the low-cost,easy-to-ride models.‎ The bicycle industry is seeing its biggest sales increase since the oil crisis of the 1970s.The increase in bicycle demand began in March as countries began to close down. ___17___ All bicycle sales,including those for children,are up 100 percent from the year before.‎ ‎___18___ Cities like Manila in the Philippines and Rome,Italy have created bicycle paths for the growing number of people who want to avoid public transportation.In London,city officials plan to bar cars from some central roads.‎ Of course,you can only buy a bicycle if you can find one bicycle.In the U.S.,the shortages now mean it may take many months to get one.___19___The U.S.buys 90 percent of its bicycles from China.Bicycle factories there were shut down to stop the spread of COVID-19.‎ In Bar Harbor,Maine,Brian Smith bought a new bicycle for one of his daughters.She is a competitive swimmer who could not get to the pool to practice. His family now goes for rides several times a day.Bicycling helps them all get exercise and enjoy the fresh air.___20___＂It's fun.‎ Maybe that's the bottom line.It's really fun to ride bikes,"Smith said.‎ A. But what's the biggest reason they go on rides?‎ B. High demand is not the only reason for the shortage.‎ C. Then who has benefited greatest from riding bikes?‎ D. The rise in bicycle sales is not happening just in the United States.‎ E. In April,the sale of bicycles for adults increased 200 percent in the United States.‎ F. However,no bicycles have been imported from abroad like China since the end of last year.‎ G. So,it may not be surprising that the pandemic(流行病）has led to a major increase in bicycle sales.‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. E 18. D 19. B 20. A - 24 -‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章指出因为新冠肺炎的传播，许多美国人不敢搭乘公共交通出行，转而选择自行车作为新的出行方式，这一情况导致美国自行车市场紧俏。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 本段在描述文章背景，指出人们在寻找户外锻炼的新方式，下文则转入了对自行车相关的描述，G选项“所以，流行病导致自行车销量大增，可能并不让人感到奇怪”贴合给出的背景，且承上启下，引出了后文内容，符合文意。故选G项。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 空白前指出随着三月份诸多国家开始封锁，自行车的需求就开始增加，E选项“四月，美国成年人的自行车销量增加了200%”符合时间顺序，且与后句都可以作为自行车销量增长的数据佐证，符合文意。故选E项。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 本段列举了菲律宾的马尼拉、意大利的罗马以及伦敦为例，以说明这些地区的自行车数量都有所增加，D选项“自行车销量增长并不只是发生在美国”适合置于段首，作为本段的主题句。故选D项。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 空白前句指出在美国自行车货源短缺的情况，B选项“高需求并不是货源短缺的唯一原因”可以自然地引出后文对自行车货源短缺的另一种解释，即因为中国工厂疫情期间的关闭导致断了货源。故选B项。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 这里空白前句在叙述骑自行车给人们带来的好处，A选项“但他们骑自行车的最大原因是什么呢？”承接前文进行发问，其后则以“It’s fun.”作为回答，符合结构和文意。故选A项。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ The train departed from Lagos-Nigeria's largest city-every Friday at noon.When we arrived at the station at 9 a.m.,the ticket lines were already___21___.‎ When the ___22___ began,passengers sitting everywhere appeared ___23___to see Nigeria by train.The ___24___cost between$12 and$30."It's cheaper than the bus and much safer than travelling on the ___25___,” said Aisha Muhammad Shuaib, a passenger sitting next to me."I'm ‎ - 24 -‎ ‎___26___ the bad road.You know, I once went from Kano to Lagos,I took the same bus with armed robbers. You can ___27___? Eight armed robbers were on the bus when we were heading to Lagos!"‎ As we made our way out of town,passengers watched the hot southern countryside ___28___. The train usually moved much slower than the promised speed of 50 kilometers an hour. ___29___At every station-stop,locals cried noisily to sell sodas, bags of water, nuts and fruit. By nightfall we were____30____in the south.‎ The next morning the____31____ changed, and we arrived in the dry north. Despite the progress, the atmosphere ____32____in the economy cars.At every stop overnight,more and more passengers got on.Some of us had been ____33____ for the past five or eight hours.‎ As the day wore on,it only got. ____34____ By afternoon,the train was so.____35____ that every bit of floor space was taken and ____36____ was even piled in bathrooms.‎ We reached Kaduna around 6 o'clock.Security workers: ____37____ us we were now in one of the most dangerous regions known for ____38____and we had to be on our toes.‎ After 37 and a half hours,around 1:30 in the morning,the train finally rolled into the dark Kano train station.The ____39____ passengers got off the train and continued to hit the road. Back on the train, all staff ____40____ for the ride back across Nigeria. If something is worthwhile, it is enjoyable or useful, and worth the time, money, or effort that is spent on it.‎ ‎21. A. strange B. attractive C. serious D. thick ‎22. A. ceremony B. program C. journey D. service ‎23. A. lucky B. confident C. eager D. content ‎24. A. lunch B. ticket C. seat D. accommodation ‎25. A. roads B. flights C. carriers D. camels ‎26. A. exploring B. enjoying C. fearing D. constructing ‎27. A. shout B. escape C. rise D. imagine ‎28. A. burst in B. go over C. pass by.. D. end up:‎ ‎29. A. maximum B. comfortable C. theoretical D. assumed ‎30. A. suddenly B. still C. certainly D. thus - 24 -‎ ‎31. A. direction B. climate C. destination D. scenery ‎32. A. darkened B. simplified C. lost D. concentrated ‎33. A. walking B. standing C. sleeping D. quarreling ‎34. A. colder B. faster C. wilder D. worse ‎35. A. packed B. quiet C. precious D. elegant ‎36. A. furniture B. equipment C. luggage D. food ‎37. A. advised B. warned C. frightened D. persuaded ‎38. A. tourism B. disasters C. history D. violence ‎39. A. exhausted B. scared C. optimistic D. nervous ‎40. A. longed B. prepared C. searched D. applied ‎【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者乘坐火车从尼日利亚最大的城市拉哥斯出发，参观尼日利亚的事情。详细描述了在火车上的所见所闻。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们上午9点到达车站时，买票的队伍已经很拥挤了。A. strange奇怪的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. serious严肃的；D. thick厚的。根据下一段中“passengers sitting everywhere”可推知坐这趟车的人很多，因此买票的队伍很拥挤，此处形容队伍拥挤可用形容词thick，其他选项均不符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当旅程开始时，到处坐着的乘客似乎都渴望坐火车看看尼日利亚。A. ceremony典礼；B. program项目；C. journey旅行；D. service服务。根据第一段中“we arrived at the station”可知作者他们打算坐火车，所以此处是指他们的火车之旅（journey）开始的时候。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当旅程开始时，到处坐着的乘客似乎都渴望坐火车看看尼日利亚。A. lucky幸运的；B. confident自信的；C. eager渴望的；D. content满意的。结合后文“to see - 24 -‎ ‎ Nigeria by train”可知一开始乘客都渴望坐火车看看尼日利亚，短语be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：票价在12美元到30美元之间。A. lunch午餐；B. ticket票；C. seat座位；D. accommodation住宿。根据后文“between $12 and $30”结合上文作者他们到达车站，可知此处是指火车票的票价在12美元到30美元之间。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在我旁边的乘客Aisha Muhammad Shuaib说：“它比公交车便宜，也比在公路上旅行安全得多。”A. roads道路；B. flights航班；C. carriers运送者；D. camels骆驼。根据后文“the bad road”可知此处在将火车与公交车和公路旅行相比较。故选A。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我害怕遇到糟糕的路况。A. exploring探索；B. enjoying欣赏；C. fearing害怕；D. constructing构造。根据后文“You know, I once went from Kano to Lagos, I took the same bus with armed robbers.”可知Aisha Muhammad Shuaib曾和劫匪同车，所以他害怕遇到糟糕的路况。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能想象吗？A. shout叫喊；B. escape逃走；C. rise上升；D. imagine想象。结合后文“Eight armed robbers were on the bus when we were heading to Lagos!”可知Aisha Muhammad Shuaib曾和八名武装劫匪同车，故此处的设问句表示“你能想象当时的情况吗？”故选D。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们出城时，乘客们看着炎热的南方乡村徐徐而过。A. burst in闯入；B. go over复习；C. pass by经过；D. end up结束。结合上文“passengers watched the hot southern countryside”可知随着火车出了城，乘客们看着火车外的南方乡村徐徐而过。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：列车通常比承诺的最高时速50公里慢得多。A. maximum最高的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. theoretical理论的；D. assumed假设。结合上文“The train usually moved much slower than the promised speed of 50 kilometers”可推知此处是在将列车平时的速度与最高时速50公里相比较，火车平常的速度要慢得多。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ - 24 -‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：夜幕降临时，我们仍在南方。A. suddenly突然；B. still仍然；C. certainly当然；D. thus因此。结合上文“The train usually moved much slower than the promised speed of 50 kilometers”以及下一段中“we arrived in the dry north. ”可知火车行驶得速度很慢，所以可推知夜幕降临时，作者他们仍（still）在南方。故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，景色变了，我们到达了干燥的北方。A. direction方向；B. climate气候；C. destination目的地；D. scenery景色。结合后文“changed, and we arrived in the dry north”可知作者他们到达了干燥的北方，所以火车外的景色也变了。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管列车不断前进，经济型车厢变得昏暗起来。A. darkened变暗；B. simplified简化；C. lost失去；D. concentrated集中。结合后文描述上车的乘客越来越多，车厢变得越来越拥挤，可推知车厢的气氛随着乘客越来越多而变昏暗起来。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们中的一些人已经站了5到8个小时。A. walking散步；B. standing站立；C. sleeping睡觉；D. quarreling争吵。结合上文“At every stop overnight, more and more passengers got on.”以及后文“for the past five or eight hours”可推知随着乘客越来越多，车厢里没有空的位置，很多人只能站着，一些人已经站了5到8个小时。其它选项不符合语境，故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：晚些时候，情况更加糟糕。A. colder更冷的；B. faster更快的；C. wilder更野的；D. worse更遭的。结合后文“every bit of floor space was taken and ... was even piled in bathrooms”可知乘客越来越多，火车已经满满当当了，可推知情况越来越糟。故选D。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了下午，火车上已经挤得满满当当，几乎占用了所有的楼层空间，行李甚至被堆在了卫生间里。A. packed塞满的；B. quiet安静的；C. precious宝贵的；D. elegant优雅的。根据后文“every bit of floor space was taken”可知地板上的每一点空间都被占用了，可推知火车上已经塞满了人。故选A。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ - 24 -‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了下午，火车上已经挤得满满当当，几乎占用了所有的楼层空间，行李甚至被堆在了卫生间里。A. furniture家具；B. equipment装备；C. luggage行李；D. food食物。根据后文“was even piled in bathrooms”可推知能堆到卫生间里的应该是行李（luggage）。故选C。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：安全人员警告我们，我们现在处于最危险的暴力地区之一，我们必须保持警惕。A. advised建议；B. warned警告；C. frightened害怕；D. persuaded说服。结合后文“we were now in one of the most dangerous regions”可知安全人员在警告乘客，他们处在最危险的地区。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：安全人员警告我们，我们现在处于最危险的暴力地区之一，我们必须保持警惕。A. tourism旅游；B. disasters灾难；C. history历史；D. violence暴力。根据上文“one of the most dangerous regions”以及后文“we had to be on our toes”可推知，作者他们在最危险的地区，必须时刻保持警惕，因为这一危险地区可能会有暴力事件发生。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：筋疲力尽的乘客们下了火车，继续上路。A. exhausted筋疲力尽的；B. scared害怕的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. nervous紧张的。结合上文“After 37 and a half hours, around 1:30 in the morning, the train finally rolled into the dark Kano train station.”可知经过了37个半小时的长途旅行，以及上文提到的火车上塞满了乘客，可推知乘客如今都已是筋疲力尽了。故选A。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：回到火车上，所有工作人员都为乘车返回尼日利亚的旅程做好了准备。A. longed for渴望；B. prepared for为……做准备；C. searched for搜索；D. applied for申请。根据后文“for the ride back across Nigeria”可知火车上的工作人员在到达目的地后，又为返回尼日利亚做好了准备。故选B。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ According to a new review of research about good mood(心情）and physical activity,people who exercise even once a week or for as little as 10 minutes a day tends to be more cheerful than those who never exercise.And any type of exercise may be ___41___ （help).‎ The idea ____42____moving can affect our mood is not new.A number of past studies h - 24 -‎ ave noted that ___43___（physical)active people have much ___44___（low)risks of developing depression and anxiety.But fewer past studies explored links between physical activity and positive feelings,especially in people who already were psychologically healthy.‎ So for the new review ___45___（publish)in the Journal of Happiness Studies,researchers at the University of Michigan decided to collect and ___46___（analysis)multiple past studies on 99 exercising and happiness. They ____47____(begin)by searching through research databases for relevant studies.And for most of them,the Michigan researchers found exercise was strongly linked to happiness.The type of exercise did not seem ___48___（matter).Some happy people walked or jogged. ____49____ practiced yoga-style movements and stretching.And _____50_____amount of exercise needed to influence happiness was slight.But more movement generally contributed to greater happiness.‎ ‎【答案】41. helpful ‎ ‎42. that 43. physically ‎ ‎44. lower 45. published ‎ ‎46. analyze ‎ ‎47. began 48. to matter ‎ ‎49. Others 50. the ‎【解析】‎ 本文为说明文。一项新的研究表明，锻炼的类型似乎并不重要，但每周锻炼一次或每天只锻炼10分钟的人往往比从不锻炼的人更快乐。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：任何类型的锻炼都可能是有益的。分析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构，所以该处应用形容词形式作表语，故填helpful。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查同位语从句。句意：运动可以影响我们的情绪，这个观点并不新鲜。分析句子成分可知，该句为主系表结构，主语为the idea，其后从句 ____2____ moving can affect our mood解释说明the idea的具体内容，为同位语，且从句中成分完整，故应用that引导，故填that。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：许多过去的研究已经指出，经常运动的人患抑郁和焦虑的风险要低得多。分析句子成分可知，此处修饰其后的形容词active，应用副词，physically active people - 24 -‎ 意为“身体活跃的/经常运动的人”，故填physically。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。句意见上。根据句意和所给词前的much可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填lower。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，为了发表在《幸福研究杂志》上的新评论，密歇根大学的研究人员决定收集和分析过去对99项锻炼与幸福的多项研究。分析句子结构可知， ___5___ （publish)in the Journal of Happiness Studies作后置定语，修饰the new review，所给词publish与其前的review为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，应用过去分词形式，故填published。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意见上。根据其前的and可知，此处应与collect并列，故应填动词原形，意为“收集和分析”，故填analyze。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查一般过去时。句意：为了相关研究他们开始搜寻研究数据库。根据上文中的“decided ”可知此处应用一般过去时态，故填began。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：锻炼的类型似乎并不重要。seem to do表示“似乎做、好像”，故填to matter。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：另一些人则练习瑜伽式动作和伸展。根据前一句Some happy people walked or jogged可知，一些人散步或慢跑，另一些人练习瑜伽和伸展运动，some....others....意思是“一些……另一些.....”，故填Others。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查定冠词。句意：运动量对幸福感的影响是微乎其微的。该处用固定搭配，the amount of 意为“……的量”，故填the。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ - 24 -‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Last weekend, I went to the country to visit Grandma Ann. When I arrived at, Grandma Ann was very glad to see me. I am very happy to find her still full of energy, healthy and happy. I tasted delicious dumplings what Grandma Ann had prepared for me. In addition to enjoy a rich and delicious meal, there was also an inspiring spiritually meal. Grandma Ann showed me many fans making by her. They are like fine work of art. I brought a fan home next day, and also brought back her spirit of being enthusiastic about art or life. I hope it can always inspire myself.‎ ‎【答案】1.去掉at ‎2.am→was ‎3.what→that/which ‎4.enjoy→enjoying ‎5.spiritually→spiritual ‎6.making→made ‎7.work→works ‎8.home后添加the ‎9.or→and ‎10.myself→me ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者上周末去看望Ann奶奶的事情，Ann奶奶给作者看了自己制作的扇子，作者带回家了一把扇子，也被Ann奶奶对艺术和生活的热情所激励。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查介词。句意：当我到达时，Ann奶奶看到我很高兴。此处arrive后没有跟宾语，不再需要介词at。故去掉at。‎ ‎2.考查动词时态。句意：看到她依然精神饱满，健康快乐我觉得很高兴。结合上文可知事情发生在上周，故应用一般过去时，主语为I，谓语动词用was。故am改为was。‎ ‎3.考查定语从句。句意：我尝了Ann奶奶为我准备的美味饺子。此处为定语从句修饰先行词dumplings，且先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故应用that或which引导。故what改为 - 24 -‎ that/which。‎ ‎4.考查非谓语动词。句意：除了享用美味丰富的饭菜，还有让人受到启发的精神食粮。短语in addition to“除了”中的to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故enjoy改为enjoying。‎ ‎5.考查形容词。句意同上。修饰后文名词meal应用形容词spiritual，作定语。故spiritually改为spiritual。‎ ‎6.考查非谓语动词。句意：Ann奶奶把她制作的扇子给我看。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语fans构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故making改为made。‎ ‎7.考查名词的数。句意：它们像真正的艺术品。work此处表示“作品”，为可数名词，根据上文They are可知应用复数。故work改为works。‎ ‎8.考查冠词。句意：第二天我带了一把扇子回家，也带回了她对艺术和生活的热情。结合句意表示“第二天，次日”短语为the next day。故home后添加the。‎ ‎9.考查连词。句意同上。此处art与life为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故or改为and。‎ ‎10.考查代词。句意：我希望它能一直激励我。此处作宾语，指“我”应用人称代词me。故myself改为me。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以你喜爱的某个城市为题；写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：‎ ‎1.城市简介；‎ ‎2.喜爱的原因。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。‎ The city I love There are countless cities in the world.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】One possible version：‎ There are countless cities in the world. Among them, Chengdu is my favorite one.‎ Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan province in China, has been recognized as “the land of - 24 -‎ ‎ abundance” for a long time. With rich cultural heritage, Chengdu has large amounts of tourist spots such as Dujiang Dam, Mount Qingcheng and so on. As Chengdu people are fond of eating, they have created delicious food such as hot pot.‎ When it comes to why I like this city best, I guess many people once step onto the land of Chengdu will quickly fall in love with the life here, and I’m one of them. The pace of life in Chengdu is slower than that in other big cities, which means people are living a happy life with less pressure there.‎ I like this city and I expect to spend the rest of my life there.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于记叙文，要求考生写一篇短文，介绍自己喜爱的城市。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。‎ 结构：总分法 ‎   总分法指把主题句作总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。‎ 要求：1. 城市简介 ‎ 2. 喜爱的原因 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ favorite；location；place of interest；scenery；food；weather；culture 第三步：连词成句（以成都为例）‎ ‎1. Let me introduce one of the cities that I like, Chengdu.‎ ‎2. It is said that Chengdu is a city where one comes then doesn’t want to leave.‎ ‎3. There are many famous scenic spots in Chengdu.‎ ‎4. You can taste all kinds of delicious food there.‎ ‎5. As for the reason why I like Chengdu best, it must be the slow pace of life.‎ ‎6. Chengdu People tend to spend more time and efforts to create and experience happiness.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last - 24 -‎ ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result ‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：The pace of life in Chengdu is slower than in other big cities, which means people are living a happy life with less pressure in Chengdu.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。文章对于“天府之国”成都的介绍主要围绕风景和美食两部分，阐述喜爱的原因也具有说服力，符合题目要求。‎ ‎ ‎ - 24 -‎