2021高考英语一轮复习组合训练五A外研版 9页

组合训练五(A)‎ 阅读理解 ‎　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。‎ A ‎(2019安徽“江南十校”3月检测)‎ Here’s a list of books I’m looking forward to this fall season. Not all of them will rise to the level of the advertisement, but they are abundant crops.‎ Home After Dark by David Small (Liveright, Sept. 11 )‎ In 2009, Small published a celebrated graphic memoir(回忆录) called Stitches. Now the Caldecott Medal winner is back with a graphic novel about a motherless 13-year-old boy brought up in an unhappy home in California. This is a tale told in few words and many striking images. On Sept. 11 at 3 p.m., Small will be at AmazonBooks at Union Market. More information at www.amazon.com/graph-tale.‎ Waiting for Eden by Elliot Ackerman (Knopf, Sept. 25)‎ This brief novel is related to a dead soldier who is watching over a horribly burned partner in a Texas hospital. That sounds embarrassingly emotional, but Ackerman, who served in a navy in Iraq and Afghanistan, is one of the best soldier-writers of his generation.More information at www. amazon.com/military-essay.‎ All You Can Ever Know by Nicole Chung (Catapult, Oct. 2)‎ Chung, editor of the literary magazine Catapult, was adopted as a baby by a white family in Oregon. In this memoir, she writes about her childhood, her Asian American identity and her search for the Korean parents who gave her up.More information at www.amazon.com/politics-prose.‎ Unsheltered by Barbara Kingsolver(Harper, Oct. 16)‎ Alternating between the past and present, this novel tells the story of a woman investigating a late-19th-century science teacher who was caught up in the controversy over Darwinism. Like her other novels, this one promises to explore social and scientific problems. Visit www.amazon.com/tech-science for more information.‎ - 9 -‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1.If you hope for a signature of the author, you will probably buy a copy of 　　　. ‎ A.All You Can Ever Know B.Waiting for Eden C.Home After Dark D.Unsheltered ‎2.Who joined the army and was sent to the Middle East?‎ A.Elliot Ackerman. B.David Small.‎ C.Barbara Kingsolver. D.Nicole Chung.‎ ‎3.If you want to read books about non-fiction, you can surf　　　. ‎ A.www.amazon.com/graph-tale B.www.amazon.com/politics-prose C.www.amazon.com/military-essay D.www.amazon.com/tech-science 答案　‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一则广告。文章介绍了秋季书单,推荐了四本书。‎ ‎1.C　推理判断题。根据Home After Dark by David Small (Liveright, Sept. 11)中的On Sept. 11 at 3 p.m., Small will be at AmazonBooks at Union Market.可知,这本书的作者要去现场售书,如果你希望得到作者的签名,你可能去买一本Home After Dark。故选C项。‎ ‎2.A　细节理解题。根据Waiting for Eden by Elliot Ackerman (Knopf, Sept. 25)中的That sounds embarrassingly emotional, but Ackerman, who served in a navy in Iraq and Afghanistan, is one of the best soldier-writers of his generation.可知,Elliot Ackerman参过军并被派往中东。故选A项。‎ ‎3.B　推理判断题。根据All You Can Ever Know by Nicole Chung (Catapult, Oct. 2)中的Chung, editor of the literary magazine Catapult, was adopted as a baby by a white family in Oregon.和 More information at www. amazon.com/politics-prose.可知,如果你想读非小说类的书,你可以登录www.amazon. com/politics-prose。故选B项。‎ B ‎(2019吉林长春二模)‎ As Simon Kindleysides, 34, took his first step in the London Marathon in April, he felt as if magic was in the air.‎ ‎“As we were walking toward the first mile, we actually started joining all the ‎ - 9 -‎ runners,” he said. “Everyone was on the streets, cheering, and that was a magical moment.” As time went on, the crowds and other racers spread around. Kindleysides and his team of eight supporters continued walking.‎ Kindleysides, who is paralyzed(瘫痪的)from the waist down and typically uses a wheelchair, was equipped with an exoskeleton(体外骨骼)to help him walk. His supporters walked with him to change the batteries in his exoskeleton so he could keep moving.‎ In 2013, Kindleysides was diagnosed with a brain tumour(肿瘤)that was growing in a way that pressed on certain nerves, leading to him losing feeling in his legs. He was told he would never walk again. Before his paralysis, the London-based singer and dancer had always wanted to run a marathon, but he never made the plan to do so—until this year.‎ During the London Marathon, the last two miles were the hardest. “At that point, I was exhausted. It was freezing cold, and I was hurting emotionally,” Kindleysides said. But he kept going. “I didn’t want to let people down. I had a team of eight, and I was raising money for The Brain Tumour Charity,” he said. “I didn’t want to let them down, myself down, and I thought if I would get this far, I would have to continue.” So he continued and made history as the first paralyzed man to complete the London Marathon on foot.‎ Then, recovering at home, he shared his accomplishment with his three children. “They used to say I’m the only dad in their whole school who’s in a wheelchair, and now they say I’m their dad, the only one who has walked a marathon,”he said.‎ Kindleysides is training to complete three more marathons next year, including the London Marathon again.‎ ‎4.Why did Kindleysides’ supporters accompany him all the way?‎ A.To inspire him as a team.‎ B.To help change the batteries.‎ C.To guide him along the road.‎ D.To assist him with the wheelchair.‎ ‎5.What caused Kindleysides’ disability?‎ - 9 -‎ A.An accident in the previous marathon.‎ B.An operation on his brain for the tumour.‎ C.Some nerves produced out of the tumour.‎ D.The pressure from the brain tumour on the nerves.‎ ‎6.What partly supported Kindleysides to finish the hardest two-mile race?‎ A.The belief to beat others.‎ B.The strong desire to recover.‎ C.The kindness to help the charity.‎ D.The prize money for the winner.‎ ‎7.What can we learn about Kindleysides?‎ A.He was once a successful actor.‎ B.His children feel pity for him in the wheelchair now.‎ C.He is ambitious for joining in the London Marathon once more.‎ D.He was the first disabled man to complete the London Marathon.‎ 答案　‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为记叙文,介绍了身患疾病而瘫痪的Simon Kindleysides参加马拉松的励志故事。‎ ‎4.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句His supporters walked with him to change the batteries in his exoskeleton so he could keep moving.可知,他的支持者们和他一起是为了更换他体外骨骼里的电池,以便他可以保持前行。故答案为B。‎ ‎5.D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句In 2013, Kindleysides was diagnosed with a brain tumour that was growing in a way that pressed on certain nerves, leading to him losing feeling in his legs.可知,在2013年,Kindleysides被诊断出脑瘤,脑瘤以一种压迫某些神经的方式生长,导致他失去了腿部知觉。故答案为D。‎ ‎6.C　推理判断题。根据文章第五段中Kindleysides说的话“我不想让人们失望。我有一个八人的团队,我在为The Brain Tumour Charity筹钱。”可知,在一定程度上支撑Kindleysides完成最难的两英里比赛的是帮助慈善组织的善举。故答案为C。‎ ‎7.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Kindleysides正在训练,为了完成明年的另外三次马拉松,包括再次参加伦敦马拉松。可知答案为C。‎ C - 9 -‎ ‎(2019山东聊城二模)‎ There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.‎ In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat humans in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.‎ In another competition, a computer took on humans in a live, public debate. The event demonstrated how AI-powered computers were increasingly being developed to think and sound like humans. The organizer of the debates, U.S. technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those who have watched the debate said they felt the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the humans got more praise for communicating their ideas.‎ This year, we also explored many ways AI and machine learning are now being used. For example, some U.S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed. The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.‎ One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes. Recently, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport became the first in the U.S. to permit passengers to use facial recognition technology to get on flights. A Chinese company showed an AI system it developed to recognize individuals by body shapes and walking movements. The system has already been used by Chinese police in Beijing and Shanghai.‎ In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup Soccer Games. The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money. And it is being used to help farmers save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. Other technology systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.‎ ‎8.Why are the two competitions mentioned in the passage?‎ - 9 -‎ A.To show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.‎ B.To prove AI and machine learning got more praise for communication.‎ C.To show how powerful AI and machine learning are.‎ D.To prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of U.S. judges.‎ ‎9.What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?‎ A.Knowledge learning. B.Safety control.‎ C.Office automation. D.The tracking survey.‎ ‎10.What can we infer from this passage?‎ A.AI has been widely used in every person’s daily life.‎ B.Humans can be replaced by AI in the future completely.‎ C.More attention is being paid to AI in every part of the world.‎ D.More advanced AI is helping people in more and more areas.‎ ‎11.Where is the text probably from?‎ A.A technology report.‎ B.A natural science magazine.‎ C.Science fiction.‎ D.A government document.‎ 答案　‎ ‎[语篇解读]　人工智能和机器学习快速发展,使用人工智能的机器在一些比赛中打败了人类。除此以外,机器学习和人工智能已经被应用于很多领域。‎ ‎8.C　推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知在第一场比赛中,使用人工智能的机器表现得比人类更好;在第二场比赛中,一台计算机在一场公开辩论中挑战人类,结果大多数观看者认为机器在提高他们对辩论主题的认识方面做得更好。这两场比赛都体现了人工智能和机器学习的强大,故选C项。‎ ‎9.B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes.”可知,在应用人工智能的领域中,其中一个快速发展的领域是面部识别,这项技术现在越来越多地被用于安全目的,故选B项。‎ ‎10.D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“some U.S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed”可知,一些美 - 9 -‎ 国法官利用机器学习系统来帮助他们决定罪犯应该被监禁的时间和期限。再根据最后两段可知机器学习和人工智能还被应用于安全监控、预测足球世界杯的结果、保护环境等方面。根据这些可以推断出人工智能在越来越多的领域帮助着人类,故选D项。‎ ‎11.A　推理判断题。本文主要是关于人工智能和机器学习的,所以最有可能是来自科技报告(A technology report),故选A项。‎ D ‎(2019课标全国Ⅲ,D)‎ Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.‎ A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.‎ Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.‎ After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.‎ When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小 - 9 -‎ 部分) of the smaller number to it.‎ ‎“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”‎ ‎12.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?‎ A.They fed them. B.They named them.‎ C.They trained them. D.They measured them.‎ ‎13.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?‎ A.By drawing a circle. B.By touching a screen.‎ C.By watching videos. D.By mixing two drinks.‎ ‎14.What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?‎ A.They could perform basic addition.‎ B.They could understand simple words.‎ C.They could memorize numbers easily.‎ D.They could hold their attention for long.‎ ‎15.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?‎ A.Entertainment. B.Health.‎ C.Education. D.Science.‎ 答案　‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文体裁为说明文。主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然科学研究成果。科学家对猴子进行测试后发现猴子有一定的数字计算能力。本文侧重培养学生的语言能力。‎ ‎12.C　细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究人员在对猴子进行测试之前对它们做了什么?根据题干中的before testing them以及第二段第二句中的The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined定位至第二段,再根据第一句中的A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys可知答案为C项。A:他们给它们喂食;B:他们给它们起名字;D:他们测量它们。‎ ‎13.B　细节理解题。本题题干意为:在实验中,猴子们如何得到奖励?根据题干中的reward定位至第三段的后半部分。根据第三段最后一句If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice...可知答案为B项。A:通过画一个圆圈;C:通过观看视频;D:通过将两种饮料混合。‎ ‎14.A　推理判断题。本题题干意为:Livingstone的团队从对猴子的研究中发现了什么?根据第 - 9 -‎ 四段中the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation可知,答案为A项(它们可以做基本的加法)。B:它们可以理解简单的文字;C:它们可以轻松地记住数字;D:它们可以长时间保持注意力。‎ ‎15.D　推理判断题。本篇文章出现了研究人员(researchers)、实验(experiment)、实验结果(the results of the experiment)等关键词,向读者展示了自然科学研究成果,因此本篇文章在报纸中应放在科学版块,故答案为D项。A:娱乐;B:健康;C:教育。‎ - 9 -‎