【英语】2018届语法二轮复习非谓语动词（含解析）教案（12页） 15页

‎　2018届语法二轮复习 非谓语动词 ‎ 要点回顾 一、非谓语动词作状语 ‎1．动词不定式作状语 ‎①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考)‎ 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。‎ ‎②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考)‎ 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。‎ ‎③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.‎ 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。‎ ‎④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考)‎ 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。‎ ‎(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。‎ ‎(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。‎ ‎(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。‎ ‎2．分词作状语 ‎①One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·随州模拟)‎ 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。‎ ‎②Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·济宁一模)‎ 因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。‎ ‎③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重庆高考)‎ 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。‎ ‎④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.‎ 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。‎ ‎⑤Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.‎ 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。‎ ‎(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。‎ ‎(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。‎ ‎(3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。‎ ‎(4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。‎ ‎(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。‎ ‎3．独立成分作状语 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.‎ 从口音判断，他是香港人。‎ Considering your health, you’d better have a rest.‎ 考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。‎ 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：‎ generally speaking　　　　　　 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by ... 根据……来判断 considering .../taking ... into consideration ‎ 考虑到……‎ to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing ... 鉴于/由于……‎ supposing 假设，如果 assuming 假使 given 考虑到，鉴于 provided (that ...) 如果 二、非谓语动词作宾语 ‎①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.‎ 当我经过时，她假装没看见我。‎ ‎②He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.‎ 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。‎ ‎③I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考)‎ 在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。‎ ‎④I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.‎ 我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。‎ ‎⑤I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012·安徽高考)‎ 在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。‎ ‎1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。‎ 此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：‎ 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。‎ 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。‎ 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。‎ ‎3．be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ... for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：‎ forget regret try go on remember mean 三、非谓语动词作宾补 ‎①I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012·四川高考)‎ 我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。‎ ‎②I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.‎ 发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。‎ ‎③Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.(2013·陕西高考)‎ 让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。‎ ‎④Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.(2011·陕西高考)‎ 克莱儿在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。‎ ‎⑤He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.‎ 他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。‎ ‎⑥Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010·辽宁高考)‎ 亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。‎ ‎1．感官动词(词组)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：‎ ‎2．使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况：‎ ‎(1)make＋宾语＋ ‎(2)let＋宾语＋ ‎(3)have＋‎ 宾语＋ ‎[点津]　①have sth. to do有事情要做 ‎②have sb. doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。‎ ‎(4)get＋‎ 宾语＋ 四、非谓语动词作定语 ‎①Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.(2013·辽宁高考)‎ 劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。‎ ‎②Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建高考)‎ 建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。‎ ‎③His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.‎ 他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。‎ ‎1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。‎ ‎2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。‎ ‎[点津]　表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。‎ ‎3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。‎ 五、非谓语动词作主语和表语 ‎①Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(2013·浙江高考)‎ 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。‎ ‎②It is no use crying over spilt milk.‎ 覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)‎ ‎③To see is to believe/Seeing is believing.‎ 眼见为实。‎ ‎④His ambition is to go to Harvard University.‎ 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。‎ ‎⑤The queen’s work is laying eggs.‎ 蚁后的工作就是产卵。‎ ‎1．不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。‎ ‎2．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：‎ It is/was＋＋doing sth.‎ ‎3．不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。‎ ‎4．动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。‎ 六、with复合结构 ‎①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.‎ 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。‎ ‎②With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.‎ 因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。‎ ‎③With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.‎ 有小男孩带路，我们找到这个村庄没费劲。‎ with复合结构常用形式：‎ with 七、独立主格 ‎①Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.‎ 有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。‎ ‎②The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the ‎ forest.‎ 向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。‎ ‎③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.‎ 吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。‎ ‎④He came out of the library, (with)a large book under his arm.‎ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。‎ 独立主格结构的构成形式：‎ 名词或代词＋ ‎[点津]　独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：‎ ‎1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；‎ ‎2．独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一非谓语动词作状语 ‎1．(2013·湖北高考)Not having_persuaded my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay.(persuade)‎ 由于没有说服我父母，我没能上戏剧学校，而那才是我的兴趣所在。‎ ‎2．(2014·荆州调研)To_stay_warm_at_night,_I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.(stay)‎ 为了晚上保暖，我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。‎ ‎3．(2014·襄阳质检)Founded_in_the_early_20th_century,_the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.(found)‎ 这所学校创建于20世纪初期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。‎ ‎4．(湖北高考)Having_been_painted/Painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(paint) ‎ 这栋楼房被涂成了红色，在其他建筑物中特别显眼，看起来很吸引人。‎ 考点二非谓语动词作定语 ‎5．(2014·宜昌调研)Volunteering gives you a chance to_change_lives,_including your own.‎ ‎(change)‎ 志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会，包括你自己的。‎ ‎6．(2014·武汉调研)The witnesses (who_were)_questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(question)‎ 刚才被警察询问的目击者对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。‎ ‎7．(2014·武昌区调研)The room is empty except for a bookshelf standing_in_one_corner.‎ ‎(stand)‎ 除了一个书橱在墙角外，房间里空空荡荡。‎ 考点三非谓语动词作宾语 ‎8．(2014·湖北武汉高三五月供题)A celebrity is a person who works hard to become well known, then wears dark glasses to avoid ‎ being_recognized.(recognize)‎ 明星努力工作只为出名，然后又带着墨镜以免被人认出。‎ ‎9．(2014·湖北黄梅综合测试)Using a washing machine means using_three_times_as_much_‎ water as washing by hand.(use)‎ 机洗意味着用水是手洗的三倍。‎ ‎10．(2012·湖北高考)The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without asking_for_leave.(ask)‎ 这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。‎ ‎11．(湖北高考)When you are finished with the electric iron, don't forget to_turn_it_off.(turn)‎ 用完电熨斗后，不要忘记关掉它。‎ 考点四非谓语动词作主语、表语 ‎12．(2013·湖北高考)As time is pressing, I think taking_a_taxi_(to_take_a_taxi) is the best way to get from here to the conference centre.(take)‎ 由于时间紧迫，我认为从这里去会议中心最好的办法是乘出租车。‎ ‎13．(湖北高考)Winning_a_scholarship gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)‎ 获得一份奖学金使马丁有机会去北方某州上大学。‎ 考点五非谓语动词作宾补 ‎14．(2014·湖北武汉高中毕业生五月供题)The room were in a total mess when we came back from work — the house seemed ‎ to_have_been_broken_into.(break)‎ 当我们下班回到家时，发现屋子里一片狼藉——好像有人闯进来过。‎ ‎15．(2013·湖北高考)When I work on the farmland in the daytime, I always keep_the/my_‎ sheep_tied to a tree on the riverbank.(keep)‎ 白天干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。‎ ‎16．With many_students_to_attend his lecture about the endangered animals, the professor has been preparing for it all day.(attend)‎ 因为许多学生要来听他的关于濒危动物的报告，这位教授一整天都在做准备。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．(2014·湖北襄阳四中综合测试十七)As we have no access to the Internet, I think it no use preparing_for_the_news_conference right now.(prepare)‎ 由于我们无法使用互联网，我觉得现在就为新闻发布会做准备没有用。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北武汉二月调研)With so_much_food_to_taste,_you can enjoy yourself in the Food Festivals.(taste)‎ 有如此多的食物品尝，在这次美食节上你可以好好享受一番了。‎ ‎3．He happened to_be_referring_to the dictionary when his friend came in.(refer)‎ 当他朋友进来时，他碰巧在查阅词典。‎ ‎4．(2014·黄冈适应性考试)With students burdened_with too much homework, some educators appealed to the public to pay more attention to their physical health.(burden)‎ 由于学生背负着沉重的家庭作业的担子，一些教育家呼吁公众多关注他们的身体健康。‎ ‎5．(2014·黄冈调研)An increasing number of people are out of work.The situation will get worse if not carefully_dealt_with.(deal)‎ 越来越多的人失业了。如果不认真对待，这种情形会变得更糟糕。‎ ‎6．(2014·黄冈调研)With many_colleges/universities_to_choose_from,_some students feel at a loss when filling out college application.(choose)‎ 在填报大学入学志愿时，由于有许多大学可供选择，很多学生感觉不知所措。‎ ‎7．So much time and money (having_been)_spent,_the project is only half done.(spend)‎ 已经花费了如此多的时间和金钱，工程却只完成了一半。‎ ‎8．(2014·黄冈适应性考试)The earthquake that happened in Ya'an Sichuan in April is reported to_have_resulted_in the death of nearly 200 people.(result)‎ 据报道，在四月发生的四川雅安地震导致接近两百人丧生。‎ ‎9．Convinced_(of_the_fact)_that he has failed in his investment, I agree to lend him some money. (convince)‎ 相信他投资失败了，我同意借点钱给他。‎ ‎10．The old wooden armchair looks rather unusual in shape, but it is very comfortable to_sit_on/in.(sit)‎ 这把木质旧椅子形状看上去有些奇怪，但坐上去却很舒服。‎ ‎11．The stone bridge (which/that_is)_being_rebuilt will make a much greater difference to the life of the people in the earthquake ‎ stricken area.(rebuild)‎ 正在重修中的石桥将为地震灾区的人们生活带来极大的便利。‎ ‎12．After she completes the project, she'll have nothing_to_worry_about.(worry)‎ 当她完成了这项工程后，她就没有什么要担心的了。‎ ‎13．To every one of us, being_admitted_to Beijing University is a great honor.(admit)‎ 对于我们每个人来说，被北大录取是极大的荣耀。‎ ‎14．He was very clever.I didn't think he would let himself be_killed by the enemy so easily.(kill)‎ 他很聪明，我想他不会这么轻易让自己惨遭敌人的杀害。‎ ‎15．Road signs have letters large enough to_be_seen easily from a distance.(see)‎ 路标上的字母很大，从远处容易看见。‎