黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析 26页

- 1 - 2020 届黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学高三第二次模拟考试 英语试卷 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分 40 分） A After a long winter, spring is the ideal time for sightseeing and exploring London’s green spaces. 1. Explore London’s parks and gardens Spring time is one of the perfect times of year to explore London’s parks and gardens, when the city’s plants are blooming. Go and admire the rainbow of azaleas (杜鹃花) at Richmond Park or hire a deckchair in St James’s Park with a view of Buckingham Palace. 2. Enjoy the entertainment at spring festivals There are a good many festivals and events held in London throughout spring. Make the most of the cultural exhibitions at the British Library Spring Festival, the Sundance Film Festival or the London Literature Festival; head for Shakespeare’s Globe, which hosts open-air Shakespeare performances from late April to early October. 3. Get active Warmer weather means there’s no excuse for staying indoors, so go for a walking or cycling tour of London. Alternatively, walk the Thames Walkway, which follows the river all the way from central London to the countryside; make the most of London’s “Boris Bikes”, which are available for hire all around the city and are free of charge for the first half hour. If you’re really looking for a challenge, take part in the famous London Marathon, held annually in April. 4. Take to the waters Whether cruising (航行)along the Thames River, hiring a rowing boat in Hyde Park or riding a canal boat around Little Venice, there are lots of fun ways to get on the water in London. Held every year since 1829, the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race allows teams from England’s most famous universities to complete against each other, and draws huge crowds of watching people. 1. What are you advised to do if you are interested in British culture? - 2 - A. Row a boat in Hyde Park. B. Attend the festivals in London. C. Visit Richmond Park. D. Walk the Thames Walkway. 2. Which of the following can you do in London’s parks? A. You can see Buckingham Palace from St James’s Park. B. You can use London’s Boris Bikes for free for a whole day. C. You can watch outdoor Shakespeare performances. D. You can enjoy the rainbow at Richmond Park. 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce tourist attractions in London. B. To show the beauty of the spring in London. C. To suggest ways to enjoy spring in London. D. To stress the importance of exploring London. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。在漫长的冬季过后，春天是观光和探索伦敦的理想时间。文章就如何享受 伦敦的春天提供了一些活动建议。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 There are a good many festivals and events held in London throughout spring. Make the most of the cultural exhibitions at the British Library Spring Festival, the Sundance Film Festival or the London Literature Festival;可知整个 春天，伦敦有很多节日和活动。充分利用大英图书馆春季艺术节、圣丹斯电影节或伦敦文学 节的文化展览。由此可知，如果你对英国文化感兴趣，你应该参加伦敦的一系列节日。故选 B 。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 Go and admire the rainbow of azaleas at Richmond Park or hire a deckchair in St James’s Park with a view of Buckingham Palace.可知去里士满公园 欣赏一下杜鹃花 彩虹吧，或者在圣詹姆斯公园租一张帆布躺椅，从那里可以俯瞰白金汉宫。 由此可知，在伦敦的公园里你可以从圣詹姆斯公园可以看到白金汉宫。故选 A。 【3 题详解】 的 - 3 - 推理判断题。根据第一段中 After a long winter, spring is the ideal time for sightseeing and exploring London’s green spaces.可知在漫长的冬季过后，春天是观光和探索伦敦绿 地的理想时间。结合文章就如何享受伦敦的春天提供了一些活动建议。由此可知，作者写这 篇文章的目的是建议在伦敦享受春天的方式。故选 C。 【点睛】写作意图推理判断题。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事 实和理论依据，客观地使读者信服某种想法和观点。这种题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的内 容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作手法进行归纳、总结和分析的能力。推测作者的写 作意图时，不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或服务人们（topersuade）；议论文的写 作目的是阐述论点（toargue）；科普文化类说明文的写作目的是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博 见（to inform）。如第三小题，根据第一段中 After a long winter, spring is the ideal time for sightseeing and exploring London’s green spaces.可知在漫长的冬季过后，春天 是观光和探索伦敦绿地的理想时间。结合文章就如何享受伦敦的春天提供了一些活动建议。 由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议在伦敦享受春天的方式。故选 C。 B My father died when I was nine, and I remember doing the household chores to help my mother. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, I was doing chores at home alongside my wife. One day the vacuum cleaner was screaming away, and I had to empty the bag because I could not find a replacement for it. With this lifelong hatred of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless vacuum cleaner. Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (设计原型). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. I just had a passion for the vacuum cleaner as a product, but I never thought of going into a business with it. In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing - 4 - agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would license my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. That gave me the courage to keep going, but soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain. Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention. Go out and brainstorm your ideas. You are not bound to any rules - in fact, the stranger and riskier your idea, the better. 4. According to the article, which of the following statements about the writer is NOT true? A. He lost his father during his childhood and lived with his mother. B. He built over five thousand prototypes of the vacuum cleaner between 1978 and 1983. C. Finally, the vacuum cleaner he reinvented became popular with British customers. D. He decided to develop an innovative vacuum cleaner for his wife while in his thirties. 5. According to the article, the writer’s bagless vacuum cleaner was produced in large numbers ______. A. in the early 1980s B. after his bank manager agreed to lend him $1 million C. after he managed to get a $1 million loan D. before he obtained a patent on the product 6. It can be inferred from the article that ______. A. the writer was a born businessman B. the writer had no confidence in his vacuum cleaner initially C. the writer’s invention might have ended up in failure without his wife - 5 - D. the writer’s vacuum cleaner was never recognized by other vacuum makers 7. According to the article, which of the following would most likely be the writer’s motto? A. Never be afraid of failure because failure is nothing but the first step to success. B. The foundation stones for a success are honesty, faith, love and loyalty. C. It is only in adventure that some people succeed in knowing themselves. D. If you would be wealthy think of saving as well as getting. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者从小讨厌捡那些机器吸不进去的东西，于是后来发明了无 袋吸尘器的经过。从最开始的多次尝试到后来成为英国最畅销的产品，作者认为永远不要害 怕失败，没有什么比发明更令人激动的了。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 One day the vacuum cleaner was screaming away, and I had to empty the bag because I could not find a replacement for it. With this lifelong hatred of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless vacuum cleaner.可知有一天，吸 尘器不断发出尖叫声，我不得不清空袋子，因为我找不到替代品。带着对机器工作方式的终 生仇恨，我决定做一个无袋吸尘器。由此可知，作者想开发无袋吸尘器并不是为了他妻子， 而是因为讨厌这种机器的工作方式。故 D 选项“他决定在他三十多岁的时候为他的妻子开发 一种创新的真空吸尘器”错误。故选 D。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中 However, I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.可知然而，直到 1993 年，我的财务仍然困难，我的银行 经理亲自说服 Lloyds 银行借给我 100 万美元。然后我就可以投入生产了。两年之内，戴森真 空吸尘器成为英国最畅销的产品。由此可知，在获得 100 万美元的贷款后，作者家的无袋吸 尘器被大量生产出来。故选 C。 【6 题详解】 , - 6 - 推理判断题。根据第三段中 By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.可知到了第 2627 个模型时，我和妻子开始精打细算。到第 3727 个模型时，甚至需要妻子去教授艺术课以贴补家用，即便如此还是负债累累。那段时间 很艰难，但每次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。由此可推知，如果没有作者 妻子，作 者的发明可能会以失败告终。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Today, I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention.可知今天，我仍然接受 风险和失败的可能性作为过程的一部分。没有什么比发明的激动更令人激动的了。由此可推 知，A 选项“永远不要害怕失败，因为失败只是成功的第一步” 最有可能是作者的座右铭。 故选 A。 C Helping yourself to a cup of coffee may seem like a small, everyday thing. But it is not the case if you are quadriplegic (四肢瘫痪). Quadriplegics have lost the use of all four limbs. Thanks to a project organized by John Donoghue of Brown University, in Rhode Island, and his colleagues, quadriplegics have hope. One of the participants in his experiments, a 58-year-old woman who is paralyzed and unable to use any of her limbs, can now pick up a bottle containing coffee and bring it close enough to her mouth to drink from it using a straw. She does so using a thought-controlled robotic arm fixed to a nearby stand. It is the first time she has managed something like that since she suffered a stroke, nearly 15 years ago. Arms are more complicated pieces of machinery than legs, so controlling them via electrodes (多波段电极) attached to the skin of someone’s scalp (头皮) is not yet possible. Instead, brain activity has to be recorded directly. And that is what Dr Donoghue is doing. Dr Donoghue and his team have had small, multichannel electrodes implanted in the parts of the motor cortexes (运动皮质) of participants’ brains associated with hand movements. Dr Donoghue and his team decoded signals from their participants’ brains as they 的 - 7 - were asked to imagine controlling a robotic arm making present movements. The woman and other volunteers were then encouraged to operate one of two robot arms by thinking about the movements they wanted to happen. When the software controlling the arms detected the relevant signals, the arms moved appropriately. The arm that the woman used to help herself to a drink is a lightweight device developed by DLR, German’s Aerospace Centre, as part of its robotics program. Dr Donoghue and his colleagues have thus shown that a mechanical arm can be controlled remotely by the brain of a person with paralysis. Controlling an arm that is attached to the individual’s body will be trickier, but in time even that may be possible. In the meantime, a robotic arm attached to a wheelchair will be a real soon. 8. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph3 refer to? A. Controlling a robotic arm via electrodes attached to the scalp. B. Recording the activity of brain and implanting electrodes. C. Controlling a robotic leg via electrodes attached to the scalp. D. Controlling a mechanical arm attached to the individual’s body. 9. Which statement may the author agree with? A. Thanks to the research by Dr Donoghue and his colleagues, a paralyzed woman can get herself a drink. B. The woman in the experiment drinks a bottle of coffee with a robotic arm attached to her scalp. C. The woman is encouraged to control the mechanical arm by moving her body. D. The robotic arm the woman used is remoted by DLR. 10. What’s the author’s attitude to the future of the robotic arm attached to quadriplegic? A. Pessimistic. B. Objective. C. Controversial. D. Optimistic. 11. What’s the main idea of the text? A. Quadriplegics can use the artificial limbs developed by Dr Donoghue and lead a good life by themselves. - 8 - B. The newly-developed thought-controlled robotic arms can help the paralyzed in their daily life. C. Scientists have invented a kind of robotic arm attached to the individual’s body. D. A quadriplegic can be on his feet again due to the new invention. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗德岛布朗大学的 JohnDonoghue 和他的同事组织的一个项 目，使得四肢瘫痪的人有了希望。他们研究出了可由思想控制的机械手臂，在他的实验中， 一位 58 岁的瘫痪女性，四肢不能移动，现在她可以拿起一个装着咖啡的瓶子，把它放到嘴边 ，用吸管喝咖啡。Donoghue 博士和他的同事由此证明，瘫痪病人的大脑可以远程控制机械手 臂。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文 Arms are more complicated pieces of machinery than legs, so controlling them via electrodes attached to the skin of someone’s scalp is not yet possible. Instead, brain activity has to be recorded directly.可知手臂是比腿部更复杂 的机械，因此通过连接在头皮上的电极来控制它们还不可能。相反，大脑的活动必须直接记 录下来。由此可知，记录大脑活动并植入电极正是 Donoghue 博士正在做的事情。故 that 指 的是“记录大脑活动并植入电极”，故选 B。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 Thanks to a project organized by John Donoghue of Brown University, in Rhode Island, and his colleagues, quadriplegics have hope.可知多亏 了罗德岛布朗大学的 JohnDonoghue 和他的同事组织的一个项目，四肢瘫痪的人有了希望。以 及第二段中 One of the participants in his experiments, a 58-year-old woman who is paralyzed and unable to use any of her limbs, can now pick up a bottle containing coffee and bring it close enough to her mouth to drink from it using a straw.可知 在他的实验中，一位 58 岁的瘫痪女性，四肢不能移动，现在她可以拿起一个装着咖啡的瓶子 ，把它放到嘴边，用吸管喝咖啡。由此可知，A 选项“多亏了 Donoghue 博士和他的同事们的 研究，一个瘫痪的女人可以给自己弄一杯饮料”作者会同意这种论述。故选 A。 【10 题详解】 - 9 - 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Controlling an arm that is attached to the individual’s body will be trickier, but in time even that may be possible. In the meantime, a robotic arm attached to a wheelchair will be a real soon.可知控制附在身体上的手臂将会更加 棘手，但假以时日，这也可能成为可能。与此同时，安装在轮椅上的机械手臂将很快成为现 实。由此可推知，作者对四肢瘫痪的机械手臂的未来持乐观态度。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Thanks to a project organized by John Donoghue of Brown University, in Rhode Island, and his colleagues, quadriplegics have hope.可知多亏 了罗德岛布朗大学的 JohnDonoghue 和他的同事组织的一个项目，四肢瘫痪的人有了希望。结 合文章主要介绍了，由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是新研发的由思想控制机械手臂可以帮助瘫 痪者的日常生活。故选 B。 【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文 章中指代的对象，包括考查 it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指 代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she 等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词 this，that，these ，those 等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。 解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作 变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。 如第一小题，根据上文 Arms are more complicated pieces of machinery than legs, so controlling them via electrodes attached to the skin of someone’s scalp is not yet possible. Instead, brain activity has to be recorded directly.可知手臂是比腿部更复杂 的机械，因此通过连接在头皮上的电极来控制它们还不可能。相反，大脑的活动必须直接记 录下来。由此可知，记录大脑活动并植入电极正是 Donoghue 博士正在做的事情。故 that 指 的是“记录大脑活动并植入电极”，故选 B。 D From talking robots and video phones to rovers on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet - we still have no cure for the common cold. Why can’t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒). There are at - 10 - least 160 types. They mutate (突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold. However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome one by one for thousands of cells. These modified (改变的) cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses, including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase SETD3. Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection.” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. “These mice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection.” Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress (抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance.” said Carette. “This is a really good first step – the second step is to have a chemical that mimics (模拟) this genetic deletion.” he added. 12. What does Peter Barlow think is the main problem for prevention of the common cold? A. The slow mutation of some genes. B. The fast speed at which rhinoviruses spread. C. The harm rhinoviruses do to the immune system. D. The wide variety of cold viruses created by rhinoviruses. - 11 - 13. What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses? A. It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies. B. It allows the viruses to mutate easily. C. It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs. D. It accelerates the speed at which the viruses spread. 14. What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study? A. Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein. B. The modified cells seemed to protect the mice against viral infections. C. More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified. D. The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses. 15. What do the researchers most probably do next, according to Carette? A. Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans. B. Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein. C. Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses. D. Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了为什么普通感冒没有很好的治愈方法是因为鼻病毒产生的 许多不同类型的感冒病毒，而病毒的传播需要蛋白质，为了确定产生病毒所需特定蛋白质的 基因，研究人员使用基因编辑技术，对人类基因组中的数千个细胞逐一进行基因测试。由此 提出了一种新型的防普通感冒的方法。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses. There are at least 160 types. They mutate so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold.可知据英国爱丁堡纳皮尔大学的科学家 Peter Barlow 称，主要的挑战在于由鼻病毒 产生的许多不同类型的感冒病毒。至少有 160 种。它们很容易变异，很快就会对药物产生抗 - 12 - 药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统。换句话说，单一的治疗方法不可能对所有类型的感冒 都有效。由此可知，Peter Barlow 认为预防普通感冒的主要问题是由鼻病毒产生的各种各样 的感冒病毒。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.可知他们发现了病毒需要的一种蛋白质。没有它， 它们就不能在你体内扩散。由此可知，病毒所需的蛋白质帮助病毒在我们体内复制。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection.” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC.可知“ 缺乏这种基因保护小鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福大学副教授 Jan Carette 告诉 BBC。由此 可知，研究人员在基因编辑研究中发现修改后的细胞似乎可以保护小鼠免受病毒感染。故选 B 。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans.可 知 Carette 说，他们的计划是找到一种可以暂时抑制这种蛋白质的药物，而不是制造转基因 人类。由此可推知，根据 Carette 的研究，研究人员接下来最有可能确定一种可以帮助减少 蛋白质的药物。故选 B。 E No matter how hard you work to keep your customers satisfied, you’re bound to come up against one or two who have a negative experience with your product or service. ___16___ However, it’s your job to address the customer’s concerns and give them a reason to come back to your brand. Below are the techniques that have worked in calming any angry customer. ___17___ It may seem like common sense for companies to respond as soon as possible, if not immediately, to an upset customer. The longer that customer has to wait, the angrier they’ll get and the more likely they are to write a bad review. A quick acknowledgement and show of concern will go a long way. Just listen. Active listening is an essential skill in managing a team. It’s - 13 - just as important for providing good customer service—especially when someone is upset.___18___ Then let them know you understand and sympathize with their disappointment. Remain calm and ask them what they want to happen. If the No.1 rule of customer service is that the customer is always right, the second rule is to remain calm. Even in the face of angry customers, keeping a level head will have a naturally calming effect on them. Give them the time to explain exactly what they’re upset about.___19___ Sometimes a little compromise might be needed on their part depending upon that solution. Get on the phone. In today’s period of social media, customers feel very comfortable airing their frustrations from behind a keyboard.___20___ Most of the time if you call and explain your side—and listen to theirs— you can work things out. A. Respond immediately. B. It may not necessarily be your fault. C. Give them time to express their concerns. D. You might as well ask them questions, too. E. Putting yourself in their shoes can solve problems quickly. F. It is recommended that reaching out to them personally on the phone resolve the issue. G. Ask what they feel is an appropriate solution and do your best to make that happen. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. F 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了安抚生气的顾客的一些技巧。 【16 题详解】 根据上文 you're bound to come up against one or two who have a negative experience with your product or service.(你一定会遇到一两个对你的产品或服务有负面体验的顾客) 以及下文 However, it's your job to address the customer's concerns and give them a reason to come back to your brand.(然而，你的工作是解决顾客的担忧并给他们一个回归 你品牌的理由)由此可知，即使不是你的原因令顾客不满意，但是你的工作是解决顾客的担忧 - 14 - 。故 B 选项“这未必是你的错”符合上下文语境，故选 B。 【17 题详解】 根据本段第三句 The longer that customer has to wait, the angrier they'll get and the more likely they are to write a bad review.可知顾客等待的时间越长，他们就会越生气 并更有可能写一个差评。由此可知，本段主要讲的是回复顾客要及时。故 A 选项“立即回复” 符合上下文语境，故选 A。 【18 题详解】 根据本段第一句 Just listen.(只是倾听)和最后一句 Then let them know you understand and sympathize with their disappointment.(然后让他们知道你对他们的失望感到理解和同情) 可知，在倾听顾客讲话的同时你也可以提问题，这样做可以让顾客知道你对他们的失望感到 理解和同情。故 C 选项“给他们时间来表达他们的担忧”符合上下文语境，故选 C。 【19 题详解】 根据上句 Give them the time to explain exactly what they're upset about.可知给他们 时间去解释清楚他们心烦意乱什么。由此可知，顾客解释不满的原因后，询问他们合适的解 决方案是什么。后文中 that solution 也可对应到 G 选项中 an appropriate solution。故 G 选项“询问他们认为什么是合适的解决方案，并尽你所能做到”符合上下文语境，故选 G。 【20 题详解】 根据上文 Get on the phone. In today’s period of social media, customers feel very comfortable airing their frustrations from behind a keyboard. 可知接打电话。在今天的 社交媒体时代，顾客们在键盘后面表达他们的不满时感到非常舒服。由此可知，本段讲的是 接电话，打电话的内容。故 F 选项“建议要通过电话联系他们来解决这个问题”符合上下文 语境，故选 F。 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My 83-year-old mother was very ill and I had to put my life on hold to look after her. I ___21___ a bowl when she felt sick, and lit fires to keep her ___22___. I cooked and persuaded her to take a few___23___. It’s hard to take care of a dying parent, whoever you are. It was ___24___ hard - 15 - for me because I am a doctor myself. I couldn’t help looking at her in two different ways. The medical ___25___ saw the body with the coldness that medicine___26___. But the ___27___ saw the woman who had given birth to me, sent me off to college and had been a ___28___ presence in my life for over half a century. ___29___, my mother didn’t appreciate how hard it was for me to ___30___ her. I remember an exchange between her and the nurse who came to see her once a week: “You could get some more help with care.” “Oh, I don’t think I need that,” Mom said. Mom didn’t understand that the ___31___ would have taken some of the burden off me. None of the treatments her doctors gave her ___32___. She refused painkillers for a long time, but finally the pain ___33___ her. When she accepted the painkillers, she accepted the ___34___ that she would die. While living, being and dying with Mom I ___35___ something precious dawning. We became closer. We ___36___ so many stories from our past that it was ___37___ our memories had become one. In the past our relationship had been difficult. We had often ___38___. But when the end came, both of us ___39___ accepted that we looked at the world in different ways. We were daughter and mother and we loved each other. That was all that ___40___. 21. A. rushed for B. hoped for C. longed for D. fought for 22. A. cold B. warm C. living D. mild 23. A. bites B. mouths C. stomachs D. hands 24. A. necessarily B. exactly C. virtually D. especially 25. A. amateur B. trainer C. professional D. leader 26. A. requested B. required C. helped D. promised 27. A. son B. doctor C. friend D. daughter 28. A. ever B. rare C. occasional D. constant 29. A. Also B. Instead C. Therefore D. Still 30. A. contribute to B. care about C. attend to D. concern about - 16 - 31. A. medicine B. care C. help D. illness 32. A. stopped B. worked C. healed D. faded 33. A. convinced B. advised C. commanded D. covered 34. A. wish B. lie C. fact D. future 35. A. met B. witnessed C. wished D. left 36. A. experienced B. expected C. shared D. studied 37. A. as if B. even if C. in that D. now that 38. A. cried B. gathered C. laughed D. argued 39. A. complicatedly B. simply C. hardly D. generally 40. A. existed B. came C. called D. mattered 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者照顾病重的母亲的感受。在病重期间，作者和母亲的关系 变得更亲密。母亲最终还是去世了，作者认为母女之间的爱才是最重要的。 【21 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她身体不舒服，我赶忙给她打了一碗饭，并点燃了火来给她取暖。 A. rushed for 赶紧，急于；B. hoped for 希望；C. longed for 渴望；D. fought for 为 ……而战。作者要照顾生病的母亲，母亲不舒服，作者就赶紧给她打饭，rush for 表示“急 于做某事”符合语境。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她身体不舒服，我赶忙给她打了一碗饭，并点燃了火来给她取 暖。A. cold 寒冷的；B. warm 温暖的；C. living 活的；D. mild 温和的。根据上文 lit fires to keep her 可知点火是为了取暖的。故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我做了饭，说服她吃了几口。A. bites 一口；B. mouths 嘴巴； C. stomachs 胃；D. hands 手。根据上文 n she felt sick 可知，母亲身体不舒服，所以作者说 服她吃几口。故选 A。 - 17 - 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说尤其困难，因为我自己就是一名医生。A. necessarily 必要地；B. exactly 恰好地；C. virtually 事实上；D. especially 尤其，特别。后文说明了 从医的专业人员必须以医学所需求的冷淡来看待身体，因此照顾生病的母亲对作者来说尤其 困难。故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从医的专业人员必须以医学所需求的冷淡来看待躯体。A. amateur 业余爱好者；B. trainer 教练；C. professional 专业人员；D. leader 领导。此处指从事医 学方面工作的专业人员，例如作者。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从医的专业人员必须以医学所需求的冷淡来看待躯体。A. requested 要求；B. required 需要；C. helped 帮助；D. promised 承诺。从医的专业人员必须以医学所 需求（required）的冷淡来看待身体，符合医生的职业特点。require 强调根据事业、需要或 纪律、法律等而提出的要求，require 正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担 心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。此处应用 require。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女儿，我看到了那个生我的女人，送我上大学，半个多 世纪以来她一直在我的生活中。A. son 儿子；B. doctor 医生；C. friend 朋友；D. daughter 女儿。根据最后一段中 We were daughter and mother 可知作者是女儿。故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女儿，我看到了那个生我的女人，送我上大学，半个 多世纪以来她一直在我的生活中。A. ever 曾经；B. rare 罕见的；C. occasional 偶然的； D. constant 不变的，恒定的。根据后文 presence in my life for over half a century 可 知母亲半个多世纪以来一直出现在作者的生活中。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且，我母亲没有意识到照顾她对我来说有多么困难。A. Also 而 且；B. Instead 而不是；C. Therefore 因此；D. Still 仍然。根据后文“Oh, I don’t think I need that,” Mom said. Mom didn’t understand 可知作者身为医生要照顾母亲本就困难 ，而且在此基础上，母亲还没有意识到这种情况，故选 A。 【30 题详解】 - 18 - 考查动词短语辨析。句意：而且，我母亲没有意识到照顾她对我来说有多么困难。A. contribute to 有助于；B. care about 关心；C. attend to 照料；D. concern about 关心。对应第一段 中 My 83-year-old mother was very ill and I had to put my life on hold to look after her.可知母亲没有意识到照顾她对作者来说有多么困难。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈不明白，这样的帮助会减轻我的负担。A. medicine 药品；B. care 关心；C. help 帮助；D. illness 疾病。对应上文中“You could get some more help with care.”可知护士对母亲说可以得到帮助，但是母亲拒绝了，说明母亲不明白这样的帮助可以 减轻作者的负担。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的医生给她的所有治疗都不起作用。A. stopped 停止；B. worked 起作用，工作；C. healed 痊愈；D. faded 凋谢。结合后文母亲要吃止疼药，可知治疗不起作 用。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很长一段时间拒绝止痛药，但最终疼痛说服了她。A. convinced 说服；B. advised 建议；C. commanded 命令；D. covered 覆盖。根据后文 When she accepted the painkillers 可知最终母亲的疼痛说服了母亲吃止疼药。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她接受止痛药时，她接受了自己会死去的事实。A. wish 希望； B. lie 撒谎；C. fact 事实；D. future 未来。结合后文 that she would die 可知母亲接受了自 己会死去的事实。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我和妈妈一起生活一直到她去世这段时间，我见证了一些珍贵 的事情的出现。A. met 遇到；B. witnessed 见证，目击；C. wished 希望；D. left 离开。根 据后文 We became closer.可知作者见证了自己和母亲的关系变得亲近这样珍贵的事情的出现 。故选 B。 【36 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了那么多关于我们过去的故事，仿佛我们的记忆已经融 为一体。A. experienced 经历；B. expected 期待；C. shared 分享；D. studied 学习。根据 后文 so many stories from our past 可知是指分享过去的故事。故选 C。 - 19 - 【37 题详解】 考查连接词辨析。句意：我们分享了那么多关于我们过去的故事，仿佛我们的记忆已经融为 一体。A. as if 好像；B. even if 即使；C. in that 由于；D. now that 既然。根据 our memories had become one 可知，此处表示“好像”应用 as if 引导表语从句。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们经常吵架。A. cried 哭泣；B. gathered 聚集；C. laughed 笑 ；D. argued 争论。根据上文 In the past our relationship had been difficult.可知过去作 者和母亲关系不好，经常吵架。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当母亲的生命走到尽头时，我们接受了这样一个事实：我们用不 同的方式看待这个世界。A. complicatedly 复杂地；B. simply 简单地；C. hardly 几乎不； D. generally 通 常 。 结 合 后 文 accepted that we looked at the world in different ways.可知作者和母亲都简单地接受了对方看世界的方式不同。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这才是最重要的。A. existed 存在；B. came 来到 C. called 打电 话 ； D. mattered 重 要 。 承 接 上 文 We were daughter and mother and we loved each other.可知作者和母亲彼此相爱，这才是最重要的事情。故选 D。 第二节 语法填空 Married for 60 years, a couple from Wuhan, Hubei province, recovered from COVID-19 together thanks to the care of the medics and more ___41___(important) the support from each other. “They held hands together ___42___ we took them downstairs for CT scans. They got ___43___ the tough time together. They are very much in love.” said Yu Liping, a doctor ___44___ treated the couple. Fu Chunzhi, 79, and Li Hongsheng, 84, returned to the hospital to show their appreciation to the medics. On Feb 4, Fu started to cough and had fever. Two days later, Li also started to show similar symptoms. On Feb 7, CT scans showed there were infections in their lungs and hospital ___45___ (admit) was needed. Soon their cases ___46___ (confirm). - 20 - “We put them into ___47___ same ward so they could encourage each other and wouldn’t feel lonely,” Yu said. “The couple was afraid of the needles so the nurses had to be very patient ___48___ (ease) their stress.” On Feb 24, the couple was discharged and they walked out of hospital while ___49___ (hold) hands. After a 14-day quarantine at home their life ___50___ (return) to normal now. 【答案】41. importantly 42. when/as/while 43. through 44. who/that 45. admission 46. were confirmed 47. the 48. to ease 49. holding 50. has returned/is returning 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说新闻报道。主要报道了湖北武汉的一对夫妇结婚 60 年，在医护人员的悉心照料下 ，更重要的是在彼此的支持下，他们一起从冠状病毒病中康复。文章还说明了二人被确诊的 经过。如今 2 月 24 日，这对夫妇出院了，经过 14 天的居家隔离，他们的生活已恢复正常。 【41 题详解】 考查副词。句意：湖北武汉的一对夫妇结婚 60 年，在医护人员的悉心照料下，更重要的是在 彼此的支持下，他们一起从冠状病毒病中康复。修饰介词短语短语（thanks to ）the support from each other，表示“更重要的是”应用副词 importantly。故填 importantly。 【42 题详解】 考查连词。句意：当我们带他们下楼做 CT 扫描时，他们手牵着手。此处为时间状语从句，表 示“当……时候”应用 when/as/while 引导。故填 when/as/while。 【43 题详解】 考查介词。根据短语 get through 表示“度过，熬过（困难时期等）”。故填 through。 【44 题详解】 - 21 - 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 doctor，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用 关系代词 who 或 that。故填 who/that。 【45 题详解】 考查名词。此处做主语，表示“许可”应用名词 admission，根据后文 was 可知应用单数形式 。故填 admission。 【46 题详解】 考查动词时态语态。句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时， 主语为 cases，谓语动词用复数形式。故填 were confirmed。 【47 题详解】 考查冠词。the same…表示“一样；同样地”same 前的冠词用定冠词 the。故填 the。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知 ease 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且本句中表目的应用 不定式。故填 to ease。 【49 题详解】 考查状语从句的省略句。在 while 连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和 be 动词。 从句完整为“while(they were) holding hands”。故填 holding。 【50 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：经过 14 天的居家隔离，他们的生活已/正在恢复正常。此处可理解为 过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响用现在完成时，主语为 life，助动词用 has；也可理解为 此时此刻正在进行时的动作，用现在进行时，主语为 life，谓语动词用单数。故填 has returned/is returning。 【点睛】状语从句中的省略 (1)在 when, while, if, as if, though(或 although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where 等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和 be 动词。如： When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. 水纯净时，是无色的液体。 When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困难时总是找她帮助。 Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。 Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时放出大量烟雾。 The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。 Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环视，似乎在 - 22 - 寻找什么。 She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分 努力。 (2)“when(或 if, where, wherever, whenever, as soon as, as fast as, than 等 )+possible/necessary 等”，中间省略了 it is(或 was)。如： Answer these questions, if (it is) possible without referring to the book. 如果有 可能，请不看书回答这些问题。 When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事 如第九小题，在 while 连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和 be 动词。从句完整为 “while(they were) holding hands”。故填 holding。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第二节 51.短文改错 Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heating discussion, we agreed on making the video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting takes us a whole week, during that time we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part before that was tough. They debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video proved perfectly. Several days later on, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it well received. All the teachers and students shared a great time, which surely gave us a great sense of achievements. 【答案】1. heating→heated 2. the→a 3. takes→took 4. that→which 5. before→after 6. They→We 7. perfectly→perfect 。 - 23 - 8. 去掉 on 9. it 后加 was 10. achievements→achievement 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了毕业在即，作者和同学们制作视频来记录学校经历的事情。 【详解】1.考查形容词。修饰后文 discussion 应用形容词 heated，表示“激烈的讨论”。 故 heating 改为 heated。 2.考查冠词。video 为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且 video 为辅音音素开头的单 词。故 the 改为 a。 3.考查动词时态。描述过去的事情应用一般过去时，故 takes 改为 took。 4.考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构的非限定性定语从句，做介词 during 的宾 语指时间应用关系代词 which。故 that 改为 which。 5.考查介词。句意：在那之后的剪辑部分很艰难。表示“在……之后”应用介词 after。故 before 改为 after。 6.考查代词。句意：我们讨论了该把什么放进视频里。此处表示“我们”应用代词 we 做主语 ，句首字母要大写。故 They 改为 We。 7.考查形容词。prove 为系动词，后跟形容词 perfect 作表语。故 perfectly 改为 perfect。 8.考查固定短语。表示“几天后”短语为 several days later，later on 表示“过些时候” 。故去掉 on。 9.考查动词语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述过去的事情应用一般过去时， 主语为 it。故 it 后加 was。 10.考查名词。句意：所有的老师和学生都分享了一个伟大的时刻，这给了我们很大的成就感 。此处表示“成就感”短语为 a sense of achievement。故 achievements 改为 achievement 。 第二节：书面表达 (满分 25 分) 52.假如你是李华，你将代表学校参加美国中学生来校交流活动，讨论主题为“我理想中的职 业”。请你准备一份发言稿，内容包括： 1. 如何选择职业； 2. 你的职业选择。 - 24 - 注意：1. 词数 100 以上； 2. 发言稿的开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Good afternoon, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ Thank you for listening. 【答案】Good afternoon, everyone! I feel very honored to stand here and deliver a speech entitled “My Ideal Career”. Every student faces the problem of choosing an occupation when graduating from university. To make a sensible choice, a graduate is strongly advised to take two aspects into consideration, namely personal interest and the demand of our society. Only when the two aspects are connected, can a man show his ability and talent to great advantage. As to my choice for the future, I want to work as an interpreter. I am keen on learning foreign languages, English in particular. Moreover, in the contemporary society, international communication has been growing significantly. Therefore, I am determined to be a qualified interpreter. Thank you for listening. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇提纲类写作。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华，你将代表学校参加美国中学生来校交流活 - 25 - 动，讨论主题为“我理想中的职业”。请你准备一份发言稿，内容包括：1. 如何选择职业； 2. 你的职业选择。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：honored(荣幸的)；deliver a speech(发表演讲 )；graduate from (毕业于)；take into consideration (考虑到)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般现在时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 Every student faces the problem of choosing an occupation when graduating from university.运用了省略句；Only when the two aspects are connected, can a man show his ability and talent to great advantage.运用了倒装句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式， 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增 色添彩。 - 26 -