2019届高考英语考前培训：写作素能培养第4讲准确把握三大复合句 37页

写作素能培养 第三部分 第四讲　准确把握三大复合句 复合句包括定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。 一、定语从句 定语从句，也称为关系从句或形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的某一名词或代词 ( 有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分 ) ，即句子作定语。 [ 经典例句 ] ①On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅰ 书面表达 ) 7 月 20 日，我们将在讲座厅学习您感兴趣的唐诗。 ② You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms ， of which paper cutting is one of the most popular. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅱ 书面表达 ) 你知道我们中国有很多传统的艺术形式，其中剪纸艺术是一种最流行的。 ③Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅱ 书面表达 ) 欢迎所有感兴趣的学生参加。 ④ We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which makes us very excited. (2016 · 天津高考书面表达 ) 我们将参加在你的学校今年七月举办的夏令营，这让我们很兴奋。 [ 写法指导 ] 定语从句是比较难掌握而又是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，因此在写作时可采用 “ 三步法 ” ： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：在一个简单句中找出一个要修饰的词汇，这个词在两个简单句中都有。 第三步：把另一个简单句改成定语从句，要特别注意引导词的选择。 示例 　人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ① People can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes. ②They are the special food for the festival. 第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇： moon cakes 。 第三步：用句②充当定语从句， moon cakes 为先行词指物，句②中的 they 指代 moon cakes 且在句中作主语，故用 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 People can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes ， which are the special food for this festival. 〔 名师点拨 〕 定语从句的结构相对复杂。历年高考书面表达范文中定语从句的运用比比皆是。使用定语从句是多数考生提升其文章档次的最为常见的表现手法。因此在平时写作训练中应根据不同文章的特点，大胆尝试运用定语从句。在运用中提高驾驭定语从句的能力。 Ⅰ. 用适当的关系词填空 1 ． Today, we'll discuss a number of cases _________beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2 ． There is nothing ________will stop us making progress. 3 ． Those _______do simple and ordinary jobs are also promoting the development of the society. 4 ． ______we all know ， cleaning streets is one of the hardest work. 5 ． My teacher advised me to repeat the materials several times and read them aloud ， _________they think will help improve my memory. 6 ． I will never forget the days ________we worked in the small town. where 　 that 　 who 　 As 　 which 　 when 　 Ⅱ. 把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句 1 ． I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then. I've always longed for the days when I will be able to be independent. 2 ． I have a friend.Her father is an engineer. I have a friend whose father is an engineer. 3 ． They planted the trees.The trees didn't need much water. They planted the trees that/which didn't need much water. 4 ． This is the best method.It can be used against pollution. This is the best method that can be used against pollution. 5 ． They sent the elderly some fruits ， cleaned the rooms and had a good chat with them.The elderly always feel lonely. They sent the elderly who always feel lonely some fruits ， cleaned the rooms and hada good chat with them. 1 ．在我们的日常生活中，我们对某件事情会有自己的不同于他人的观点。 In our daily life ， we will have our own point of view about something ， __________________________________. 2 ．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。 __________________ ， our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations. which is different from others 　 As we all know 　 3 ．他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 He talked about the people and the place _______________________________ . 4 ．首先，我将有一个温暖的家庭，在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。 First of all ， I will have a warm family _______________________________ ______________________________________. 5 ．没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。 A sailor ________________________________will never become an excellent sailor. that he had visited in that country 　 where the members will love each 　 other and care about each other 　 who has experienced no storm 　 二、名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是具有名词功能的非独立分句。 [ 经典例句 ] ① That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice. (2017 · 北京高考书面表达 ) 这就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。 ② I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August. (2017 · 天津高考书面表达 ) 我有一个好消息告诉你，我已经被选为即将在 8 月底在天津举行的第十三届全国运动会的志愿者。 ③ I believe that these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help enhance your Chinese. (2016 · 天津高考书面表达 ) 我相信这些捐赠的书籍不仅会使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的中文。 ④ I know how I achieved my success. (2016 · 浙江高考书面表达 ) 我知道我是如何取得成功的。 [ 写法指导 ] 名词性从句的写法和定语从句一样，名词性从句也是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时同样可采用 “ 三步法 ” ： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：让一个简单句作从句，要注意和另一个句子的关联性。 第三步：把两个句子合成复合句，要特别注意关联词的选择和从句的语序。 示例　 一天，她听到要举行运动会的消息。 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ① One day ， she heard the news. ② The sports meeting would be held. 第二步：让句 ① 作主句，即主句为： One day ， she heard the news. 第三步：把句 ② 作同位语从句，解释 news 的内容，从句中不缺少成分，故用 that 引导。 One day ， she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held. 〔 名师点拨 〕 我们在写作中应该结合表达的要求，灵活运用含有名词性从句的复合句来表达需要表述的意思，以使句子的寓意更加深刻、含义更加浓郁。 名词性从句在高考书面表达中占有较为重要的地位，其中较具有表现力度的从句有 what 引导的主语从句和宾语从句，以及 it 作形式主语的句子。 Ⅰ. 用适当的关联词填空 1 ． ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 2 ． The government should consider ______________people and the environment will be affected before they make decisions. What 　 whether/if 　 3 ． Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______close you may be to victory. 4 ． The notice came around two o'clock in the afternoon ________the meeting would be put off. 5 ． From space, the earth looks blue. This is ___________about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water. how 　 that 　 because 　 Ⅱ. 把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句 1 ． When did you enter the room ？ The police wants to know it. The police wants to know when you entered the room. 2 ． This is my decision.All of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning. 3 ． Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly. The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 4 ． We should practise oral English for an hour every day.That was our rule. We made it a rule that we should practise oral English for an hour every day. 5 ． Shall we go picnicking tomorrow ？ It depends on the weather. Whether we shall go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather. 1 ．他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 The news ______________________________soon spread over the whole school. 2 ．使我印象最深的是，他们都经过了专业培训。 __________________________was that they all had had professional training. 3 ．我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交友的建议。 _______________________you can give me some advice on how to make friends. that they had won the game 　 What impressed me most 　 I wonder if/whether 　 4 ．一些人生病的原因是他们不从事体育锻炼。 __________________some people become ill ___________they don't take up exercise. 5 ．没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。 _________________________________a person's education is the most important aspect of his life. The reason why 　 is that 　 No one can deny the fact that 　 三、 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的高级句型 1 ． it 作形式主语的常用句型 ① It ＋系动词＋形容词 (necessary /right/ likely /unlikely/ wrong /important/ certain 等 ) ＋ that... ② It ＋ be ＋名词 ( 短语 ) (a pity /a shame/ no wonder/one's desire 等 ) ＋ that... ③ It ＋ be ＋过去分词 (said /told/ reported/decided 等 ) ＋ that... ④ It ＋特殊动词 (seems ， appears ， happens ， matters) ＋ that... ⑤ It doesn't matter who /whether/ if... It's our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program ， as well as offer us some practical suggestions. 我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，还能提供一些实用的建议。 It's reported that about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to the Mars by the year of 2020. 据报道，大约 30 名至少 18 岁的志愿者将从世界各地被选出来于 2020 年前奔赴火星。 2 ． it 作形式宾语的常用句型 ① 动词 find ， feel ， think ， consider ， make ， believe ， guess ， suppose ， assume 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 ② 有些动词 ( 短语 ) 带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加 it ，这类动词 ( 短语 ) 主要有： hate ， like ， owe ， enjoy ， appreciate ， see to ， rely on 等。 I would appreciate it if you could sell the knots for 10 dollars each. 如果你们能以每个 10 美元的价格卖这些中国结，我将不胜感激。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。 用 it 作形式主语或形式宾语翻译句子 1 ．他来不来参加这个会议无关紧要。 It doesn't matter whether he comes to the meeting or not. 2 ．你错过了一场这么好的报告真是可惜。 It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture. 3 ．如果你能教我如何用电脑，我将不胜感激。 I'd appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer. 四、状语从句 状语从句是在句中起副词作用的句子。引导状语从句的连词被称为从属连词，状语从句需用陈述语序，可位于复合句的句首或句末。句式为： “ 状语从句＋逗号＋主语 ” 或 “ 主句＋状语从句 ” 。 熟记几个常用连词 状语从句 连词 时间 when ， whenever ， as ， while ， before ， until ， as soon as ， hardly...when... ， no sooner...than..., scarcely...when... 地点 where ， wherever 条件 if ， unless ， as long as ， so long as ， in case ， if only 原因 because ， as ， since ， now that ， for 状语从句 连词 让步 though ， although ， even if ， even though ， as ， while ， whatever ， whoever ， whenever ， wherever ， however ， no matter ＋疑问词， whether (...) or..., whether...or not 比较 the same as ， as...as... 方式 as if ， as though ， as 目的 in order that ， so that 结果 so that ， so...that... ， such...that... ① If you want me to accompany you, please let me know. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅲ 书面表达 ) 如果你想让我陪你，请让我知道。 ② I'm very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. (2017 · 天津高考书面表达 ) 我很高兴地告诉你，自从你离开后，我的英语口语有了很大的进步。 ③ I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun place to relax and surely we will have a great time. (2017 · 浙江高考书面表达 ) 我真的希望你能加入我们，因为绿山是一个放松的好地方，我们一定会玩得很开心的。 ④ I will be very grateful if you can help me. (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅰ 书面表达 ) 如果你能帮助我，我将非常感激。 ⑤ We can set out early so that we'll have more time to read and select books. (2016 · 全国卷 Ⅲ 书面表达 ) 我们可以早出发，以便我们有更多的时间来阅读和选择书籍。 ⑥ To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness. (2016 · 江苏高考书面表达 ) 说实话，选民们有时会感到很恼火，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在感情和公平之间存在分歧。 〔 名师点拨 〕 根据高考试题写作要求和要点内容的表达，适当整合要点信息，采用较复杂句式，尤其是不同的状语从句会显示出较强的语言运用能力。 1 ． The days went on. The situation there was getting worse and worse. As the days went on, the situation there was getting worse and worse. 2 ． Everybody is here. Let's set out right away. Since everybody is here, let's set out right away. 3 ． You should put the dictionary somewhere. You can find it easily there. You should put the dictionary where you can find it easily. 4 ． Getting a right job can be difficult. The students are not prepared to deal with the job interview. Getting a right job can be difficult unless the students are prepared to deal with the job interview. /... if the students are not prepared... 5 ． You should bear the motherland in mind. You can go anywhere. Wherever you go, you should bear the motherland in mind. 6 ． He had failed several times. He kept on working. Although/Even though he had failed several times, he kept on working. 1 ．如果你对此感兴趣就告诉我，我会发给你更多信息。 If you are interested in it ， let me know and I'll send you more information. 2 ．当我把我的答案给他看时，老师因我能独立思考夸奖了我。 When I showed my answer to him, the teacher praised me for my independent thinking. 3 ．这意味着如果你真的决定做某一件事，无论它可能有多么难，你最终都会找到办法并获得成功。 It means if you are really determined to do something, no matter how/however difficult it might be, you will find a way of doing it at last and you'll achieve success. 4 ．第三，我的父母希望我学理科因为他们认为做一名理科生，我的未来会更加光明。 Third ， my parents wish me to study science because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. 5 ．如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我提供一些建议，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.