【英语】2018届二轮复习说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之一（含有解析）学案（25页word版） 30页

‎2018届二轮复习 说明文阅读理解典题10篇训练之一 ‎【一】‎ Researchers from France and Italy discovered that Canadian parents are less strict with their children than mothers and fathers in France and Italy.‎ ‎“Our most important finding was the difference between Canadians and the others，” said Professor Michel Claes，the lead author of the study. “Canadians focus on independence and negotiation.On the other hand，Italians，for example，exercise more control.We found Canadians seem to focus on negotiation in case of a conflict.”‎ Claes said Canada，France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important cultural and social factors.“We chose French and Canadians because they share the same language as France，and originally came from France and share certain values.Italy was included because it was considered to have similar，strong and important family values，” he explained.‎ The researchers examined the emotional ties between parents and their children by questioning 1,256 students aged 11 to 19 years old.‎ Canadian students reported less control and more free actions，according to the study.Italian parents were stricter and French parents were somewhere in the middle.‎ Claes explains that the differences lie in education in Canada，France and Italy.‎ ‎“North America has its own educational values，which promote individualization.Tolerance and comprehension are encouraged.Italy，on the other hand，promotes respect of authority，control，and the need for permission.” he said.‎ Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative.Italian and Canadian children had similar feelings about their fathers，and reported high levels of emotional ties.But French fathers were generally thought by their children to be more distant and cold.‎ ‎“We were surprised by this，” Claes admitted.“It seems as though the relationships between French mothers and their children were becoming closer over time，while fathers maintain a form of distance and coldness，which is more of a source of conflict in France than in the other countries.”‎ ‎1．Professor Michel Claes believes that Canada，France and Italy ________.‎ A．have the same family spirit B．have some similar cultural traditions C．have experienced some similar social changes D．have experienced similar cultural developments ‎2．How did the researchers carry out the study?‎ A．By collecting answers of parents from Canada，France and Italy.‎ B．By collecting answers of children from Canada，France and Italy.‎ C．By questioning parents and their children from Italian Canadian families.‎ D．By questioning children from FrenchCanadian families.‎ ‎3．According to Michel Claes，what mainly leads to the differences in parentschildren relationships among Canada，France and Italy?‎ A．Educational opportunities.‎ B．Traditional ideas.‎ C．Educational values.‎ D．Historical events.‎ ‎4．Which of the following is NOT a finding of the study?‎ A．French children have troubled relationships with their parents.‎ B．Canadian children have close relationships with their parents.‎ C．Italian children have good relationships with their parents.‎ D．Kids from Canada，France and Italy have closer ties with their moms.‎ 答案与解析 文章讲述了加拿大、法国和意大利教育的差异。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句Clase said Canada, France and Italy were selected for the study because they share important ‎ cultural and social factors，可知该题应选B，故选B。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容，可知研究人员是通过发问卷调查收集数据继而得到答案的，故选B。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的Claes explains that the difference lie in education in Canada, France and Italy，可知道三个国家之间的差异主要是由于对教育的价值观不同而引起的，故选C。‎ ‎4．A　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句：Children from all three countries described their mothers as warm and communicative.可知A选项的表述与此句的意思不同，表述有误，故选A。‎ ‎【二】‎ You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams (1860—1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson (1907—1964)‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O'Connor (1930—present)‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks (1913—2005)‎ On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civilrights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.‎ ‎1．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A．Her social work.‎ B．Her teaching skills.‎ C．Her efforts to win a prize.‎ D．Her community background.‎ ‎2．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?‎ A．Her lack of proper training in law. ‎ B．Her little work experience in court.‎ C．The discrimination against women. ‎ D．The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎3．Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the U．S.?‎ A．Jane Addams. ‎ B．Rachel Carson.‎ C．Sandra Day O'Connor. ‎ D．Rosa Parks.‎ ‎4．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A．They are highly educated.‎ B．They are truly creative.‎ C．They are pioneers. ‎ D．They are peacelovers.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在过去100年里四位很有影响力的杰出女性。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。该题问的是Jane Addams在历史上以什么闻名。根据第二段第一句并结合第二段内容可知，她以她的社会工作而闻名。故选A。‎ ‎2．C　推理判断题。该题问的是O'Connor被律师事务所拒绝的原因。根据第四段第一句可推知，这是因为当时的社会歧视女性。故选C。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。该题问的是谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大贡献。根据最后一段第三、四句并结合最后一段内容可知，Rosa Parks对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。该题问的是对于文中提到的四位女士，我们可以推断出什么结论。根据第二至五段内容可推知，文中介绍的四位女性都是某个领域的先驱。故选C。‎ ‎【三】‎ Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he's the first American President to have one.‎ That's because the term “sense of humor” really wasn't in common usage until the eighteensixties and seventies. In the eighteenforties and fifties, it was called “the sense of the ridiculous”， and didn't have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that “sense of humor” has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arminarm walking in our day as well.‎ Lincoln's humor was very different, because, for one thing, it was actually “humor”as what the word meant in his time. We don't make the distinction between “wit(风趣)” and “humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It's the difference we note now when we distinguish between “laughing with” and “laughing at”. Lincoln ‎ was much more about “laughing with” than “laughing at”. And when “laughing at”， it was often himself he was teasing.‎ In the famous LincolnDouglas debates, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being twofaced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were twofaced, would I be showing you this_one？” And, in a way, Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor. ‎ You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln's time and not find a single smile. ‎ True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty.‎ Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the LincolnDouglas debates commented that “I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness... that he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes and stories.”‎ ‎1．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that ________.‎ A．the American President could influence the use of English ‎ B．the term “sense of humor” wasn't invented until the 1860s ‎ C．what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else ‎ D．the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time ‎ ‎2．The underlined words “this one” in Paragraph 4 refer to “________”．‎ A．Lincoln's unattractive face ‎ B．Lincoln's sense of humor ‎ C．the debate they were having ‎ D．cruelty that went with funniness ‎ ‎3．We rarely see people from Lincoln's time wear smile in their photos because ________.‎ A．being humorous was considered inappropriate ‎ B．they found it quite funny to smile before camera ‎ C．not smiling for photographs was the fashion ‎ D．photography technology then was not advanced ‎ ‎4．What might the writer think of the journalist covering the LincolnDouglas debates?‎ A．His comment accurately reflected his time. ‎ B．He created a false picture of Lincoln. ‎ C．He was prejudiced and selfcentered. ‎ D．He was brave to point out Lincoln's weakness. ‎ 答案与解析 本文主要介绍了林肯的幽默。‎ ‎1．C　段落大意题。根据第二段可推知，幽默对一些人来说是幽默，而对另外一些人来说可能就是冒犯。‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句和后面的“And，in a way，Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.” 可知，画线词指的是林肯那张不吸引人的脸。故选A项。‎ ‎3．D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“True, the long exposures (曝光) required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult.” 可知，是因为拍照技术不先进。故选D项。‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段首句中的“in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem”可知，下面的例子是为了证明作者的这个观点，即那个记者的评论具有时代性。‎ ‎【四】‎ Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying.‎ Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with ‎ big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy.‎ Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little.‎ Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.‎ Posture (姿势)．A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down you normally don't sit straight, with your shoulders inwards. This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.‎ Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased.‎ Face.When you lie, you might put on a false face. But that expression would crack briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust(厌恶)and fear to come through.‎ ‎1．When someone is keeping his arms behind his back, he tries to tell you that ________.‎ A．he is not afraid　　　 B．he is outgoing C．he is angry D．he is cool ‎2．If you want to appear confident, you should ________.‎ A．move your arms a lot B．cross your arms C．move your head a little D．keep your head level ‎3．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?‎ A．Body language, the most commonly used language.‎ B．Body movements give away secrets of mind.‎ C．Arms tell more than legs.‎ D．Facial expressions tell the truth.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了某些肢体动作所表达的隐含含义。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way”可知，如果一个人将双臂放于背后，那就表明他毫不畏惧。故选A。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When you want to appear confident, keep your head level”可知，如果你想表现得有自信，那你应该将头部保持水平方向。故选D。‎ ‎3．B　标题概括题。根据全文内容可判断出，本文主要介绍的是某些肢体动作所表达的隐含含义。B项意为“肢体移动泄露了脑子里的秘密”，体现了本文的核心，适合用作标题。故选B。‎ ‎【五】‎ A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugarfree and additivefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎1．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________.‎ A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later ‎2．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B．It can make people more energetic.‎ C．It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D．It's used in sleeping drugs.‎ ‎3．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat, Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health ‎4．How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A．By giving examples.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By providing research results.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇科普说明文。晚上睡前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠是一个常识，那么睡前喝在夜间收集的牛奶对睡眠有哪些影响呢？让我们一起来看看研究者的新发现吧。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，喝了白天挤出来的牛奶的老鼠更活跃、更焦虑。故选B。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据关键句“taking melatonin...at night.”可推知，安眠类药品里含有褪黑激素。故选D。‎ ‎3．A　标题概括题。本文主要介绍了喝晚上挤出来的牛奶对睡眠的好处，因为晚上挤出来的牛奶中含有更多的褪黑激素，所以喝晚上挤出来的牛奶有助于睡眠，还能减轻身体负担。故A项“晚上挤出来的牛奶和睡眠”最能概括文章主旨，适合做标题。故选A。‎ ‎4．D　写作手法题。本文先用睡前喝牛奶有助睡眠这一传统观点引出主题，即睡前喝晚上挤出来的牛奶不仅有助睡眠，还能减轻身体负担，然后引用了具体的研究结果来进一步论证主题，阐释观点。故选D。‎ ‎【六】‎ Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ‎ ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. ‎ However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形)．‎ Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.‎ This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.‎ It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.‎ ‎1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.‎ A．some different comets appearing several times B．the same comet appearing at different times C．three different comets appearing at the same time ‎ D．several comets appearing at the same time ‎2．Halley made his discovery ________.‎ A．by doing experiments ‎ B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the working of other scientists D．by chance ‎3．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.‎ A．1704 B．1705‎ C．1706 D．1707‎ ‎4．This passage in general is about ________.‎ A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley ‎ D．Halley and his discovery 答案与解析 文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星，以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。‎ ‎3．B　推理计算题。文中第五段的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现哈雷彗星。故选D。‎ ‎【七】‎ Choose Your OneDay Tours!‎ Tour A—Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.‎ Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.‎ Tour B—Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house—￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.‎ Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)” from St Mary's Church Tower. ‎ Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.‎ Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34 until March 11 and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Mill's favorite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!‎ Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.‎ ‎1．Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?‎ A．Tour A． B．Tour B.‎ C．Tour C. D．Tour D.‎ ‎2．Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?‎ A．Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.‎ B．Oxford & Stratford.‎ C．Bath &Stonehenge.‎ D．Cambridge.‎ ‎3．Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?‎ A．It used to be the home of royal families.‎ B．It used to be a wellknown maze.‎ C．It is the oldest palace in Britain.‎ D．It is a worldfamous castle.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四类一日游的相关信息。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。在Tour B中提到“Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges”，因此答案是B项。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。结合本文信息可知，在3月17日这一天四个景点的票价分别为：￡37, ￡36, ￡37, ￡33，因此最低票价在Cambridge。‎ ‎3．A　细节理解题。根据Tour C中的“With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one ‎ Queen”可知，这里曾经是国王和皇后的住所，因此现在成为了主要的旅游胜地。‎ ‎【八】‎ Even as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of selfdriving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains a bit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 selfdriving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.‎ ‎“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people，” said Chris Urmson, director of Google's selfdriving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its selfdriving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.‎ The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work，” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic—we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible—but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) are the first of a 100car fleet the tech giant is building.‎ In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads—the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error—and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can't drive because of age or illness. ‎ Google has said that selfdriving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don't own. The ‎ company has already tested other types of selfdriving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sportutility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department of Motor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.‎ The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, including Delphi, MercedesBenz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.‎ Google says the cars are safe. The vehicles have sensors that “can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections，” Urmson said. “We're looking forward to learning how the community understands and interacts with the vehicles, and to uncovering challenges that are unique to a fully selfdriving vehicle，” Urmson said.‎ ‎1．According to Chris Urmson, ________.‎ A．selfdriving cars can give driving orders to humans B．software and sensors are vital for selfdriving cars C．selfdriving cars are specially designed for the elderly D．ordinary vehicles will be replaced by selfdriving cars ‎ ‎2．The passage informs us that selfdriving cars ________.‎ A．have already passed necessary tests B．have been purchased by some companies C．will be able to communicate with drivers ‎ D．will probably decrease traffic jams ‎3．The underlined word “intersections” in the last paragraph can probably be replaced by ________.‎ A．crossings B．buildings C．vehicles D．accidents ‎4．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Google's Selfdriving Car Graduates to City Streets B．Google's Selfdriving Car Enjoys Global Popularity C．Selfdriving Car Meets New Challenges D．Selfdriving Car Avoids Human Errors ‎ 答案与解析 本文为科技说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌研发的自动驾驶汽车，这款汽车已经开始在城市街道上进行实验。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work，” Urmson said.”可推知，没有车轮、油门和刹车的自动驾驶汽车的关键是软件和传感器。故选B。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by ‎ human error — and fewer traffic jams.”(长远而言，厄姆森看到了未来的道路安全——汽车事故绝大多数由人为错误引起——交通阻塞会非常少)。故选D。‎ ‎3．A　词义猜测题。根据所在句子“can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions, which is especially helpful on busy streets，”(可检测出超过两个足球场大小范围内的各个方向的物体)可推知，这尤其对于行驶在有很多交叉路口的繁忙街道上有帮助。故选A。‎ ‎4．A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了谷歌研发的自动驾驶汽车，这款汽车已经开始在城市街道上进行实验。故选A。‎ ‎【九】A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.‎ Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.‎ Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.‎ In the first experiment，students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual notetaking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk，they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.‎ The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.‎ The researchers' report said，“While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears. ”‎ In another experiment aimed at testing longterm memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.‎ These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.‎ ‎1．More and more students favor laptops for notetaking because they can ________.‎ A．write more notes ‎ B．digest concepts better C．get higher scores ‎ D．understand lecture better ‎2．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be ________.‎ A．skillful B．tireless C．thoughtful D．mindless ‎3．The author of the passage aims to ________.‎ A．examine the importance of longterm memory B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C．explain the process of taking notes ‎ D．promote the use of laptops ‎4．The passage is likely to appear in ________.‎ A．a finance report ‎ B．a computer textbook ‎ C．a science magazine ‎ D．a newspaper advertisement 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。‎ ‎1．A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Students are increasingly using laptops for notetaking because of speed and legibility(清晰度)”可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快记得多。故选A。‎ ‎2．D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But the research has found ‎ laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught”可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选D。‎ ‎3．B　推理判断题。本文通过实验发现了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。‎ ‎【十】‎ The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco，California is one of the world's most beautiful bridges. It is also one of the most visited places in the world. Vehicles(车辆)cross the bridge an average of 41 million times each year. More than 1,800 hundred million vehicles have used the bridge since it opened more than 70 years ago.‎ The bridge was painted “International Orange” because that color went well with the natural surroundings. The color also is easier to see in the heavy fog that often covers the area. But the Golden Gate Bridge was not named for its orange color. It was named for the body of water that it crosses，the Golden Gate Strait.‎ The Golden Gate Strait is the entrance to the San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The Golden Gate Bridge links the city of San ‎ Francisco with Marin County，California.‎ Planning for the bridge began in the 1920s when the area around San Francisco was growing. People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries(渡船)．‎ Joseph Strauss was the chief engineer for the project. Work began in 1934.Mr.Strauss demanded the strongest safety protections in the history of bridge building. These included the first use of “hard hats” to protect the workers' heads and special glasses to protect their eyes.‎ A special safety net was suspended(挂)under the bridge. This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction. However,11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net. Still，this was a new safety record for the time.‎ The Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937.It extends 1,280 meters across the water. The total length is 2,737 meters. It was the largest suspension bridge(吊桥)in the world until 1964.That is when the Verrazano Narrows Bridge opened in New York City. Today，the Golden Gate Bridge is the ninth longest suspension bridge in the world.‎ ‎1．The Golden Gate Bridge was named after ________.‎ A．the local climate B．the color of a paint C．the strait it crosses ‎ D．its natural surroundings ‎2．How did people cross the Golden Gate Strait before the bridge ‎ was built?‎ A．By plane.　 B．By boat.‎ C．By road. D．By train.‎ ‎3．The purpose of suspending a special safety net is to ________.‎ A．protect the environment B．make construction easier C．prevent workers from falling D．save building materials from falling ‎4．What do we know about Joseph Strauss?‎ A．He attached importance to the workers' safety.‎ B．His safety measures were not of practical value.‎ C．He built the first suspension bridge in the world.‎ D．He demanded strong measures to ensure the safety of the bridge.‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文。美国旧金山市的金门桥是世界著名的桥梁之一。金门桥由工程师Joseph Strauss负责修建，于1937年完工。金门桥长达2 737米，在1964年之前是世界上最大的吊桥。‎ ‎1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句It was named for the body of water that it crosses, the Golden Gate Strait可知金门桥得名于这座桥跨越的海峡——金门海峡。故选C。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句People living in the area needed another way to get to the city besides small ferries (渡船)，在金门桥修建之前，人们乘渡船通过金门海峡。故选B。‎ ‎3．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段A special safety net was suspended (挂) under the bridge. This net saved the lives of 19 men during the construction. However, 11 other workers were killed when they fell from the bridge through the net可知，在建造金门桥时，桥下挂着一张安全网，目的是避免建筑工人坠落。故选C。‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。根据文章的第五、第六段可知，负责修建金门桥的工程师Joseph Strauss非常注重保护建筑工人的安全，他采取了一些有效措施确保工人的安全。故选A。‎