浙江省宁波市镇海中学2021届高三英语8月开学模拟试题（Word版附答案） 10页

‎2021届镇海中学高三8月开学英语模拟考 选择题部分 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置听完每段对话后．你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎ 1. Who joined the company recently?‎ A. Some photographers. ‎ B. An art director.    ‎ C. Some designers.‎ ‎2. What are speakers talking about?‎ A. Their favorite color.‎ B. The clothes the man is wearing.‎ C. A present the man has bought.‎ ‎   3. When will the man make a phone call to the woman?‎ A. On 12th. B. On 14th. C. On 15th.‎ ‎4. How does the woman sound?‎ A. Excited.     B. Frightened.     C. Calm.‎ ‎5. What does the woman mean?‎ A. She agrees with the man.‎ B. She doesn’t know who Kim is.‎ C. Kim doesn’t deserve to be on the committee.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小、题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，‎ 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料．回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What is the relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Husband and wife.‎ B. Visitor and hostess.‎ C. Neighbors.‎ ‎7. What didn’t the man do?‎ A. He set the table.‎ B. He helped cook the dishes.‎ C. He tasted the dish.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. When do hurricanes most likely happen in the woman’s country?‎ A. In summer.     B. In autumn.     C.    In winter.‎ ‎9. How many people lost their lives in the strongest hurricane?‎ A. 16.     B. 18.     C. 19.‎ ‎10. What do we know about the woman?‎ A. She had a narrow escape.‎ B. She was stuck by a tree.‎ C. She didn’t experience the hurricane.‎ 10‎ 听第8段材料．回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. What is the man's final destination?‎ A. Salt Lake City, USA. ‎ B. New York City, USA. ‎ C. Helsinki, Finland.‎ ‎12. What is the flight number for the second half of the man’s journey?‎ A. Flight 90.     B. Flight 980.     C. Flight 1070.‎ ‎13. What request did the man make regarding his flight?‎ A. He requested a discount.‎ B. He asked for specially-prepared meals.‎ C. He wanted a window seat.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。‎ ‎14. How do the speakers know each other?‎ A. Their kids are good friends.‎ B. They are old friends.‎ C. They just met.‎ ‎15. When will the speakers have dinner?‎ A. On Monday night. ‎ B. On Tuesday night C. On Wednesday night.‎ ‎16. Who is Alex?‎ A. The woman’s husband ‎ B. The woman’s kid C. The man’s son ‎17. What will the woman bring for dinner?‎ A. A salad and a dessert.‎ B. Some ice cream and a salad.‎ C. A dessert and a pasta dish.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。‎ ‎18. What is the talk mainly about?‎ A. A new treatment for cancer.‎ B. How to deal with stress.‎ C. Why stress can cause cancer.‎ ‎19. What may make people feel stressed according to the talk?‎ A. Not much free time. ‎ B. Attitude toward money. ‎ C. Lack of friends.‎ ‎20. What does the speaker think we should do?‎ A. Learn to keep our feelings inside.‎ B. Work as hard as you can.‎ C. Communicate more with people.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节（共10个小小题：每小题题2.5分，满分25分）‎ 阅读下列短文．从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ A No. It’s a simple word, but it can be so difficult to say. Whether it?s a favor ‎ 10‎ asked by a friend, or even an unethical request from a colleague，many people will say “yes” because they hate to let others down and saying “no” makes them feel uncomfortable.‎ And we worry that saying no will change the way the other person views us. If you have a reputation of being a helpful and accommodating person, it is even harder to say no because you don’t want to hurt that good reputation, says Adam Grant，a professor at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.‎ ‎“Every ‘no’ is a missed opportunity to make a difference and build a relationship,” Grant wrote in a column for The Huffington Post.‎ Saying no is a rejection and a lot of times it does hurt feelings. But even so，psychologists say，most people probably won’t take our “no” as badly as we think they will. That’s because of something called a “harshness bias (严重性偏向心理)” ---our tendency to believe others will judge us more severely than they actually do. For those people pleasers, Grant says there’s a big difference between pleasing people and helping them. “Being a giver is not about saying yes to all of the people all of the time to all of the requests. It’s about saying yes to some of the people (generous givers who will return your favor, but not necessarily the selfish takers) some of the time (when it won’t compromise your own goals and ambitions) to some of requests (when you have resources or skills that are uniquely relevant).”‎ Always saying yes can make us overcommitted and put us under too much pressure. Saying no helps us protect our own priorities, psychologist Judith Sills told The Wall Street Journal. Another important reason to say no, Sills says, is it keeps us from giving in to peer pressure. “To have your own values，sometimes you have to say ‘no’ to people with whom you don’t agree,” Sills says.‎ ‎21. The underlined word “unethical” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to __________.‎ A. proper     B. unacceptable     C. moral     D. illegal ‎22. What can we infer from paragraph 4?‎ A. Saying yes is not necessarily satisfactory.‎ B. We should always say yes to the generous givers.‎ C. We should say yes to some requests from some of the people sometime.‎ D. Saying yes to other people’s requests should be forbidden for your own benefits.‎ ‎23. What is the writer’s attitude towards “saying no”？‎ A. Concerned.     B. Suspicious.     C. Supportive.     D. Optimistic.‎ B Throughout history, humans have played some kind of kicking game. What the world now calls football, or soccer in the US, began as far back as 2500 B. C. with the Chinese game of tsu chu. The sport we know today originated in Britain. By the 1840s，England’s Football Association established a set of rules, and the modern game was born. Today, more than 120 million players all over the globe participate in the game, truly making soccer the world’s sport.‎ So, why is soccer so popular? Maybe it’s the game’s camaraderie: the feeling that the team on the field is your team； their win is your victory, and their loss is your defeat. Or maybe it’s the game’s international quality. In countries like France，England，Spain，and Brazil, major teams have players from many different nations, and these clubs now have fans all over the world. Or perhaps it’s the promise of great wealth. A number of professional soccer players, including Cameroon’s Samuel Eto’o and Portugal’s Cristiano Ronaldo, come from poor 10‎ ‎ families. Today, both of these players make millions of euros every year. ‎ Soccer is popular for all of these reasons, but ultimately, the main reason for its universal appeal may be this: It’s a simple game. It can be played anywhere with anything---a ball, a can, or even some bags tied together. And anyone can play it. “You don’t need to be rich...to play soccer，” says historian Peter Alegi. “Your just need a flat space and a ball.‎ But joining a professional team and making a lot of money isn’t the main reason that soccer is so popular all over Africa, say Abubakari Abdul-Ganiyu，a teacher who works with youth clubs in Tamale, Ghana. “Soccer is the passion of everyone here,” he says, “It unifies us. ” In fact，more than once, the game has helped to bring people together. In Ivory Coast, for example, immigrants and Muslims faced discrimination for years. Yet many of the country’s best soccer players are from Muslim and immigrant families. As a result, the national team has become a symbol of unity and has helped to promote peace throughout the world.‎ ‎24. What is this text mainly about?‎ A. The history of soccer.    ‎ B. Soccer clubs.‎ C. The popularity of soccer.    ‎ D. How African soccer began.‎ ‎25. Which is not a possible reason for soccer’s popularity according to paragraph 2?‎ A. The team spirit among players.‎ B. Famous players from many different countries.‎ C. The number of soccer games played all over the world.‎ D. The possibility of making a lot of money.‎ ‎26. Which of the following statements about the Ivory Coast national team is not true?‎ A. Many of its best players are from immigrant families.‎ B.  One of its teachers is Abubakari Abdul-Ganiyu.‎ C. There are Muslim players on the team.‎ D. It has helped to promote peace in the country.‎ C When a corporation is formed, it issues stock (股票), which is sold or given to individuals. Ownership of stock entitles you to vote in the election of a corporation’s directors，so in theory holders of stock control the company. In practice，however, in most large corporations， ownership is separated from control of the firm. Most stockholders have little input into the decisions a corporation makes. Instead, corporations are often controlled by their managers, who often run them for their own benefit as well as for the owners^. The reason is that the owners' control of management is limited.‎ A large percent of most corporations’ stock is not even controlled by the owners; instead， is controlled by financial institutions such as mutual funds (financial institutions that invest individuals’ money for them) and by pension funds (financial institutions that hold people's money for them until it is to be paid out to them upon their retirement). Thus, ownership of I Corporations is another step removed from individuals. Studies have shown that 80 percent of the largest 200 corporations in the US are essentially controlled by managers and have little effective stockholder control.‎ ‎ Why is the question of who controls a firm important? Because economic 10‎ ‎ theory assumes the goal of business owners is to maximize profits > which would be true of corporations if stockholders made the decisions. Managers don’t have the same motivation to maximize profits that owners do. There’s pressure on managers to maximize profits，but that pressure can often be weak or ineffective. An example of how firms deal with this problem involves stock options. Many companies give their managers stock options—rights to buy stock at a low price — to encourage them to worry about the price of their company’s stock. But these stock options dilute (稀释）the value of company ownership and decrease profits per share and can give managers an incentive (激励，刺激）to overstate profits through accounting tricks，as happened at Enron，Xerox，and a number of other firms.‎ ‎27. Why can’t the stockholders control the company?‎ A. Because they are separated from the managers.‎ B. Because they have a little input in making decisions.‎ C. Because they are limited in the control of management.‎ D. Because they are restricted to the ownership of the company.‎ ‎28. Which of the following statements is true of the ownership of corporations?‎ A. Ownership is controlled by managers.‎ B. Ownership is separated from control of the company.‎ C. Ownership is removed from the stockholders.‎ D. Ownership is controlled by financial institutions.‎ ‎29. What is used to encourage managers to maximize profits?‎ A. Stock option.     B. The right to own stock.‎ C. Controlling power.     D.  Effective  stockholder control.‎ ‎30. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Who Controls Corporation?‎ B. When should the Stock be Issued?‎ C.  Importance of Financial Institutions D. Stockholders and Managers 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容．从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。‎ ‎ Across Asia many people have just witnessed the natural wonder that is a total solar eclipse. __31__ ‎ This week’s total eclipse could be seen in eastern India before slowly moving across Burma, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Japan, and the Pacific Ocean. Yesterday, when it reached eastern China, people flocked (聚集）into the streets to witness the astronomical wonder.‎ As daylight disappeared and the sky quickly darkened. __32__ Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into (陷入) darkness during what is thought to be the longest total eclipse of the 21st century. It lasted 6 minutes and 39 seconds.‎ Total solar eclipses of such a long duration are very rare events. __33__ Shao Zhenyi, an astronomer at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in China explained: “We’ll have to wait a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a solar eclipse that lasts this long? so it’s a very special opportunity. ’’‎ But while millions celebrate this phenomenon, it should be remembered that total eclipses have not always been such treasured events. Many cultures traditionally believed that a total eclipse was a bad omen (凶兆) or a supernatural ‎ 10‎ event. __34__ Others believed that the eclipse signified oncoming disasters. Nowadays it appears that these fears and superstitions(迷信）are long forgotten. As daylight once again flooded Asian cities such as Shanghai, whoops and cheers could be heard among the gathered crowds.‎ Reflecting on what had just happened, one Shanghai resident described the eclipse as “eerie”（怪诞的，奇异的）, while another said “It’s like magic，the day turns into night in such a short period of time. I have no idea where I am right now. __35__. ”‎ A. It feels like a different world.‎ B. They happen but once in a lifetime.‎ C. Those watching were left far from disappointed.‎ D. Some believed that evil gods were eating the Sun.‎ E. People were frightened by the sudden darkness.‎ F. Some people thought it was a natural wonder.‎ G. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Sun, Moon and Earth line up in such a way that our view o the Sun is totally hidden by the Moon.‎ 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共共20个小题；每小题1.5分．满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C．和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选顶．并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ Like life, mountains can be seen as a series of difficulties that you need to overcome. To me, a mountain is the final __36__, with body, spirit, and mind all having to work together. Being __37__ is a challenge too. I wanted to do something significant to help change the __38__ that friends and family had developed of me--- the role of patient. I set a goal--- to __39__Half Dome in Yosemite. I was drawn to this destination __40__ its uniqueness as its shape is unforgettably distinctive (独特)---it’s __41__.‎ In August of 1996, just ten months after my heart __42__，my husband Craig and I began to hike the trail leading to Half Dome. The trail began with a mild incline (斜度), which we eagerly took at a __43__ pace. I was out of breath first, but as soon as my heart __44__ me，I felt energized again. I tried to go as fast as the other hikers, but found it __45__ to keep up. Though the final half-mile isn’t difficult，the steep (陡峭的）slope can be extremely frightening, especially for those afraid of heights. Craig，__46__ the difficult task ahead, gently asked. “Do you want to __47__?’’  Determined to harvest the __48__ for all the effort, I replied,‎ ‎“Absolutely，we have to go on. ” Step for step，Craig stayed directly behind me，providing a __49__ of security. When I finally reached the top, I was __50__ with joy. Ten months after my operation, I had reached the top of Half Dome! My __51__ heart had not failed me.‎ Looking down into the valley below, we stood in silence, amazed at how far we had come. As if the moment itself was not __52__，Craig surprised me with a gold charm (吊坠）in the shape of Half Dome. As I held it in my hand, I was amazed at its __53__ Craig took a moment to express how proud he was of me saying，“When I had to carry you up the stairs at night, I always looked at the photo you took of Half Dome hung on the wall and wondered if we’d ever make __54__ climb. 99 His tender words brought me to tears. We had done it; we were here at the top of the mountain — a long way from those __55__ of not knowing what the future would bring.‎ 10‎ ‎36. A. reward B. challenge C. help D. development ‎37. A. sick B. well C. alive D. different ‎38. A. degree B. role C. figure D. image ‎39. A. admire B. draw C. hike D. compete ‎40. A. at B. by C. with D. through ‎41. A. unusual B. splendid C. broken D. flat ‎42. A. disease B. attack C. replacement D. failure ‎43. A. fast B. busy C. slow D. steady ‎44. A. lost track of B. got ahead of C. put up with D. caught up with ‎45. A. worthless B. unreal C. improper D. impossible ‎46. A. worrying B. observing C. calculating D. complaining ‎47. A. return B. rest C. continue D. lead ‎48. A. reward B. award C. benefit D. happiness ‎49. A. way B. result C. sense D. means ‎50. A. overcome B. burst C. accomplished D. buried ‎51. A. healthy B. new C. broken D. faint ‎52. A. imperfect B. enough C. exciting D. adorable ‎53. A. style B. perfection C. worth D. likeness ‎54. A. another B. that C. this D. other ‎55. A. memories B. months C. changes D. nights 非选择题部分 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第二节（共10小是题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Tradition of Making New Year’s Resolutions There are so many ways to celebrate New Year and especially New Year’s Eve. Traditions of the season include the making of New Year’s resolutions. That tradition __56__ (date) back to the early Babylonians. While popular modern resolutions may include the promise to lose weight or quit smoking, the early Babylonian’s __57__ (popular) resolution was to return borrowed farm __58__ (equip).‎ The tradition of using a baby __59__ (signify) the New Year began in Greece around 600 BC. It was their tradition at that time to celebrate their god of wine, Dionysus, by parading a baby in a basket, __60__  (represent)  the  annual rebirth of that god as __61__ spirit of fertility (多产). Early Egyptians also used a baby as a symbol of rebirth.‎ ‎__62__ the early Christians criticized the practice as pagan (异教徒), the popularity of the baby as a symbol of rebirth forced the Church to rc-evaluate its position. The Church finally allowed _63__ (it) members to celebrate the New Year with a baby, __64__ was to symbolize the birth of the baby Jesus. ‎ The practice that an image of a baby with a New Year’s banner (横幅）is used as a symbolic representation of the New Year __65__ (bring) to early America by the Germans. They had used it since the fourteenth century.‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）‎ 10‎ 假定你是李华，原定于今天上午和你班来自于美国的交换生Jack一起去学校图书馆复习备考。但由于奶奶突然生病无法赴约。请根据以上提示给他写一张留言条表达歉意。内容包括：‎ ‎1．向他表达歉意；‎ ‎2．陈述不能赴约的原因；‎ ‎3．另约时间。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第二节 概要写作（满分25分）‎ 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Chimps will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.‎ ‎　　In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.‎ ‎　　Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.‎ ‎　　There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when 10‎ ‎ compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.‎ ‎　　The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.‎ ‎2021届镇海中学高三8月开学英语模拟考答案 第一部分：听力（每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ ‎1-5 CBBBA 6-10 ABCCA 11-15 CABBC 16-20 BABAC 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，35分）‎ 第一节（每小题2.5分，共25分）‎ A篇 21-23 BAC B篇 24-26 CCB C篇 27-30 CBAA 第二节（每小题2分，共10分）‎ ‎31-35 GCBDA 第三部分：语言运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节：完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 10‎ ‎36-40 BADCB 41-45 CCADD 46-50 BCACA 51-55 BBDAD 第二节：语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分） ‎ ‎56. dates ‎57. most popular ‎58. equipment ‎59. to signify ‎60. representing ‎61. the ‎62. Although ‎63. its ‎64. which ‎65. was brought 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）‎ Dear Jack，‎ I have arrived at the classroom ahead of time to leave you a message here because I have failed to inform you of my sudden occurrence.‎ I am terribly sorry to tell you that I will have to break my promise that we are going to the school library on account of my grandma’s falling ill suddenly this early morning and she is still feeling so terrible that I must accompany her to hospital right away during my parents’ absence.‎ I hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Besides, I would appreciate it if you could go to the city library, a larger one with me this Sunday morning. Wish you a good time today!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节：概要写作（满分25分）‎ Unlike chimps, which have been found really selfish, human children are cooperative and this tendency to cooperate is considered a natural instinct. (要点1) First, this is because this instinct happens at an early age, even before social behavior training. (要点2) Besides, the helping behaviors can’t be improved by rewarding and human’s social intelligence develops before cognitive skills. (要点3, 4) The core of children’s natural cooperativeness is called shared intentionality, which is rooted in htuman’s sociality. (要点5) (71 words)‎ 10‎