2017 山西万荣县高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固训练（一） 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 2017 山西万荣县高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固训练（一） 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (2013·福建省毕业班质检，B) The “Give It Up for Earth Day” encourages people to commit to giving up actions that are harmful to the environment, such as using poisonous cleaners. Throughout the month of April, Canadians are being asked to “Give It Up for Earth Day！” Earth Day has been celebrated every year on April 22 since 1970. Earth Day Canada president Jed Goldberg says that as people become more environmentally aware, they want to find ways to reduce their environmental influence, not just celebrate one special event. “Earth Day is a great launching_pad for thinking about environmental action every day，” said Goldberg. “Choosing healthier options, even for the short term, can lead to thinking about the influence of our decisions for a lifetime.” That's the reason behind the “Give It Up for Earth Day” campaign. It's designed to encourage healthy habits that benefit people and the planet. It challenges everyone to help create a healthier world by making changes in their daily routine. “We wanted to plan an actiontargeted campaign that will give people a chance to act on their concern for the environment in a positive way，” said Goldberg. The campaign has identified four daily actions that can add up to huge environmental savings. They include pledging (保证) to turn off the TV, give up the use of poisonous cleaners, reduce consumption of consumer products and cut out meat. At the end of April, all of the pledges will be recorded and converted (转化) into the number of TV hours not watched, dollars not spent on unnecessary items, electricity saved, greenhouse gas emissions (排放) avoided by cutting out meat, and poisonous chemicals produced from homes and landfills. “What we're trying to achieve this year for Earth Day is to give people a chance to do something that is meaningful and measurable，” said Goldberg. 文章大意：4 月 22 日是世界地球日，活动“Give It Up for Earth Day”倡导人们在地球日这一天为 保护环境做一些有意义、行之有效的事情。 1．The aim of the campaign mentioned in the passage is to ________. A．enable people to save more money for future use B．help people develop environmentally friendly habits C．prevent people from making changes in their daily routine D．warn people against reducing consumption of consumer products 答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句“It's designed to encourage healthy habits that benefit people and the planet.”可知，答案 B 符合文义。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 2．The underlined word “launching pad” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “________”． A．starting point B．finishing line C．exchanging stage D．reforming stage 答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词所在句意为：地球日是一个引发人们开始对人类日常活动对环境所造成 的影响进行思考的起点，由此结合上文“... they want to find ways to reduce their environmental influence, not just celebrate one special event.”和下文中“can lead to thinking about...”可 推知，答案 A 符合文义。finishing line 终点线；exchanging stage 交流平台；reforming stage 改革舞 台，均不符合文义，故排除。 3．We can conclude from the passage that ________. A．Earth Day was first celebrated over half a century ago B．short term decisions will by no means influence our lives C．Earth Day Canada is actually an everyday environmental action D．daily actions must be measured to benefit the environment 答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段的整体理解并结合文章最后一句中的“meaningful and measurable”可以推知，我们应该以对环境的影响好坏为标准来判断日常行为是否可行。由此可知，答案 D 符合文义。 4．Which disagrees with the spirit of “Give It Up for Earth Day”？ A．Switching off TV. B．Riding bikes. C．Using poisonous cleaners. D．Saving electricity. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的第二句“They include pledging (保证) to turn off the TV, give up the use of poisonous cleaners...”可知，答案 C 符合文义。 说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013 四川广元普高第一次高考适应性统考)改编 There is a problem each of us faces in following advice on emotional healing: apologizing is difficult. We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding onto our pride. We can be selfish and not willing to admit our most obvious mistakes. Pride eats away at us as we argue or ignore the mistake. It’s happened to me. I have had too much pride and selfishness to apologize to a loved one I hurt. When I did want to apologize, I couldn’t bring myself to face the other person. This is the pride I’m talking about. Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they’re expected to be dominant (占优势的).It’s like the joke that a man never asks for directions when lost. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Ladies are more emotionally open than guys and are willing to express it. Still, both genders wonder how to correctly apologize. In shifting (改变)the focus on apologizing away from you, what does not apologizing do to other people? They feel hurt that you are not willing to communicate your mistake. They lose trust in you as you hide behind your mistake avoiding reality. They become angry with you, wondering why you will not tell them the truth. They may begin to counter your lack of apologies by not apologizing themselves and from this the relationship goes downhill as the two of you get caught in a power struggle. You need to communicate your mistakes. A mistake you made is like a scratch and by not apologizing you are making the scratch a deeper wound and rubbing salt into it. You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize. There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing. 1.People find it hard to apologize for their mistakes because of their A.emotional feeling B.sticking to their pride C.making argument D.being trapped in lies 2.Why are men more unwilling to make apologies?( ) A.They don’t intend to hurt other people. B.They expect others to forgive them. C.They don’t want to be considered weak. D.They aren’t good at expressing themselves. 3.What bad effect will there be if you refuse to apologize for your mistakes?( ) A.Other people won’t pay attention to you. B.You will lose confidence in yourself. C.You won’t be forgiven even if you tell the truth. D.The friendship will get hurt and go worse. 4.From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that A.communication can stop your making mistakes B.mistakes would turn into deeper scratches C.apologizing is good for you and the other person 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 D.apologizing is the most powerful in emotional healing 语篇解读:每个人都会犯错,但是很多人犯错后因为内心的骄傲不愿意承认自己的错误,也不愿意向别 人道歉,这不但对自己有害,还会伤害别人,进而影响人与人之间的关系。 答案及剖析:1.B 细节理解题。由第一段的 We are trapped in what we think of ourselves by holding onto our pride 可知,人们不愿意道歉是因为内心的骄傲,故选 B 项。 2.C 推理判断题。由第二段的 Maybe apologies come difficult for men because they’re expected to be dominant 可知,男士通常被认为处于主导地位,所以他们会觉得道歉很没面子,故选 C 项。 3.D 细节理解题。由第三段可知,如果你不为自己的错误道歉的话,就会失去朋友对你的信任,然后对 方也不会向你道歉,最终导致友谊的破裂,故 D 项正确。 4.C 推理判断题。由 You need to stop hurting the other person and yourself by learning to apologize 可知,道歉对犯错的人和受伤害的人都有好处,故选 C 项。交流错误就是道歉,但是道歉不能防止 人犯错,故 A 项错误;犯错后及时道歉就不会使伤害加深,故 B 项错误;由文章最后一句话 There is real power in apologizing and emotional healing 可知 D 项错误。 【疑难词汇解读】 1.eat away at 困扰,烦扰 I wonder what was eating away at him. 我不知道什么事情使他烦心。 2.heal v. (使)恢复健康,恢复正常 Most of their wounds won’t heal properly. 这些人的伤大多数都不会彻底痊愈。 【长难句子分析】 and 他们可能会通过自己不道歉开始和你的不道歉行为对着干,为此,因为你们两个都被力量之争所困,你 们的关系就会走下坡路。 2015 高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·湖北卷】A “I see you’ve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?” “No, it’s pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 bit me earlier.” As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I’d jumped in ahead of him. The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area’s annual pony drift(迁移). The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stooped from feeding on their mother’s milk, and those who’ve gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor’s Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again. Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements. 51.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies? A. To protect the tourists from being bitten B. To keep the ponies off the petrol station C. To avoid putting the ponies in danger D. To prevent the ponies from fighting 52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is ______________. A. to feed baby ponies on milk B. to control the number of ponies C. to expand the habitat for ponies 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 D. to sell the ponies at a good price 53.What as the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back? A. He freed it from the trap B. He called a protection officer C. He worried about it very much D. He thought of it as being naughty 54.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies? A. It lacks people’s involvement. B. It costs a large amount of money C. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D. It has caused an imbalance of species 54. B 推 理 判 断 题。根据最后一段中尾句“Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements.”可知保护马驹是对 Dartmoor 来说是一笔很大的开销。故选 B 项。 【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读 【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以 评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事 情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是 “议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点 要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把 握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种 马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 2015 高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·湖北卷】C Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture. In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s. The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town. In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum. 59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______. A. it has a large population B. it is cut off from big cities 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 C. it has many beautiful gardens D. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil 60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum? A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam B. Helping its textile industry to develop C. Constructing large villas for the poor D. Assisting its agricultural industry 61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______. A. a radio factory B. the medial capital C. a radio station D. a TV station 62.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall? A. It consists of approximately 75 buildings B. It looks like an open air museum in the city C. It is a classic example in architecture textbooks D. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum. 62.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His master piece… It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks”可知 W. M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall 是建筑教科书 中的一个典范。故选 C 项。 【考点定位】说明文阅读 【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的 原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇 Hilversum 的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小 城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。