【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导七生态环保（8页word解析版） 8页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导七生态环保 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1．生态环保的现状，造成的影响。‎ ‎2．生态环境被破坏的因素，产生的后果。‎ ‎3．保护生态环境的措施、步骤。‎ ‎1．理清文章的行文结构，把握主旨大意。‎ ‎2．抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。‎ ‎3．领会作者所透露出的观点态度。‎ ‎[经典案例分析]‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ·C)After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly.These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes，and completely drove away the park's beavers.‎ As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to ‎ reintroduce the wolves. The U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后，黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持园内的生态平衡。‎ ‎【长难句解读】　The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎[分析]　本句虽然比较长，但为简单句。句子的主体是The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment，不定式to help ...作后置定语，疑问词加不定式whether to ...作decide的宾语。‎ ‎[译文]　黄石公园灰狼的引进已成为一次有价值的实验，以帮助生物学家决定是否也在国家的其他地方重新引进灰狼。‎ ‎1．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎[考查主旨大意，命题点为保护生态环境所采取的措施。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D项。]‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Tested.　　　　　　 B．Separated.‎ C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.‎ ‎[考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了可推知displaced应表示“被迫离开”，‎ 故选C项。]‎ ‎3．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?‎ A．Damage to local ecology.‎ B．A decline in the park's income.‎ C．Preservation of vegetation.‎ D．An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎[考查推理判断，解题的关键在于抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果，鹿群及丛林狼的数量快速增长，前者导致植被破坏，后者杀死大量红狐狸并将河狸赶出公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡，故选A项。]‎ ‎4．What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive.‎ C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring.‎ ‎[考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句中的a valuable experiment可推知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的，故选B项。]‎ ‎[题材对点训练]‎ A ‎(2018·湖南省部分重点中学考前演练)There is always no lack of ordinary people taking action for extraordinary change. Aghan Oscar is just among them. Thirteen years ago, Aghan, bothered by the everincreasing quantity of plastic waste in this lowincome suburb of Nairobi, decided to find a way to recycle it. ‎ Now his company, Continental Renewable Energy Co. Ltd (COREC), produces poles for use in construction, farming and road signs. So far he's sold 96，000, and he says his potential for growth is limited only by the considerable1 expense of setting up plastic recycling plants.‎ Most of Aghan's customers are farmers and developers who once used wooden fence poles. Customers say they have other benefits as well. “I have fenced my piece of land three times using wood posts, but most of the time the fence was vandalized (故意破坏) by villagers who used the ‎ posts as firewood，” said Caleb Kapten. Now plastic posts have stopped the problem, he said.‎ The Kenya National Highways Authority is one of COREC's biggest customers. It approached the company after road signs were vandalized by criminals4 who sold the metal poles to steel manufacturing companies. Aghan reckons (估计)that COREC's products have saved the government millions of shillings, besides preventing road accidents. And he also points out that COREC has been able to conserve2 large numbers of trees by producing plastic poles. ‎ When Aghan started this recycling business in 2003, most of his employees were his family members due to financial5 constraints (限制). Now he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste. Fifty more youths work on the production line, where the waste is sorted6 according to quality before being crushed and washed, melted and cast into different shapes. The poles are then arranged by shape and size for sale in the yard of the recycling plant.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。受日益增多的塑料垃圾所扰的Aghan创办了自己的公司来解决这个问题，他们回收利用废弃塑料来生产塑料杆儿，用于建筑、农业和交通领域。‎ ‎1. What's the biggest challenge of Aghan's future career?‎ A．The poor technology in recycling.‎ B．The high cost of building factories.‎ C．The increasing piles of plastic waste.‎ D．The limited policy support in recycling.‎ B　[考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“his potential for growth is limited only by the considerable expense of setting up plastic recycling plants”可知，Aghan未来事业面临的最大挑战是建造塑料回收工厂的费用过高，故选B。]‎ ‎2. How was Caleb Kapten's problem finally solved?‎ A．He gave up fencing his land.‎ B．He guarded the land more carefully.‎ C．He replaced the wood posts with plastic ones.‎ D．He got some donated metal posts.‎ C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Now plastic posts have stopped the problem...”可知Caleb Kapten的问题因使用塑料杆儿来代替木杆儿而得到解决，故选C。]‎ ‎3. What does the last paragraph suggest?‎ A．Great difficulty facing Aghan.‎ B．Strict standards of plastic poles.‎ C．Various ways of making plastic poles.‎ D．The complex process of recycling plastic waste.‎ D　[考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“he employs 250 young people to collect plastic waste”“Fifty more youths work on the production line，where the waste is sorted according to quality before being crushed and washed，melted and cast into different shapes.The poles are then arranged by shape and size for sale in the yard of the recycling plant.”可知，将废弃塑料回收再利用需要耗费巨大的人力，其过程复杂繁琐，故选D。]‎ ‎4. Which best shows the structure of the text?‎ D　[考查文章结构。通读全文可知，第一段属于主旨段，引出本文的话题；第二段讲的是Aghan创办了自己的公司，生产用于建筑、农业和路标的塑料杆儿；第三段和第四段分别介绍塑料杆儿在农业和交通领域的应用，属于对第二段内容的扩展；第五段主要介绍这种塑料杆儿的生产过程，与第二段是并列关系。故选D。]‎ B ‎(2018·金考卷原创卷一)Nine out of ten people on the planet breathe polluted air, even indoors, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Some 92% of the population live in places where air pollution exceeds (超过) WHO limits.‎ Air pollution can contribute to lung cancer and heart disease. The Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions account for nearly two out of every three such deaths, with poorer countries “getting worse”. Around three million deaths every year are linked to outdoor air pollution. When “indoor” air pollution — which includes contaminants like wood smoke and cooking fires — is added, air pollution is linked to one in every nine deaths worldwide, the WHO said. The air quality model used in the data measures the smallest particles (颗粒), less than 2.5 micrometres across, which can enter the bloodstream and reach the brain.‎ Countrybycountry data showed that Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt rounded out the top five. “Rich countries are getting much better in improving the quality of the air，” Dr Carlos Dora from the WHO told the Associated Press. “Poorer countries are getting worse.” However, he said, North America is doing better than Europe, mostly because Europe depends more on diesel fuel (柴油) and farming practices. China, the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution, is relatively wealthy, but is bothered by smog in its cities and polluted air from industrial sources.‎ The WHO pointed to sustainable3 transport, waste management, and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution. It said its latest data represented the most detailed study it has ever released. The analysis combined satellite measurement and more than 3，000 monitoring stations on the ground with air transport models. The report is based on 2012 figures, which are the most recent data available.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。全球90%的人呼吸着被污染的空气，而空气污染会引发多种疾病。贫穷国家的空气污染越来越严重。世界卫生组织指出，要想减少空气污染就必须改变人们的生活方式和生产方式。‎ ‎5．How is the text organized?‎ A．ConclusionsConsequencesExamplesSolutions.‎ B．FactsReasonsExamplesSolutions.‎ C．ReasonsEffectsSolutionsTrends.‎ D．TrendsOpinionsReasonsSolutions.‎ A　[考查文章结构。第一段提到了关于空气污染的结论，第二段主要讲的是空气污染产生的后果，第三段是例子，第四段提出治理空气污染的方法。故选A。]‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Heating tools.‎ B．Indoor waste.‎ C．Producing activities.‎ D．Harmful substances.‎ D　[考查词义猜测。 根据画线词前的“‘indoor’air pollution”以及画线词后的“like wood smoke and cooking fires”可知contaminants的意思应为“污染物”。故选D。]‎ ‎7．Which has the lowest death rate caused by air pollution?‎ A．North America. B．Turkmenistan.‎ C．Egypt. D．China.‎ A　[考查细节理解。 根据第三段中的“Turkmenistan is ranked first for the death rate connected to air pollution”可知土库曼斯坦与空气污染有关的死亡率最高；根据“Tajikistan，Uzbekistan, Afghanistan，and Egypt rounded out the top five”可知埃及排名前五；根据“China，the country with the sixthhighest death rate linked to air pollution”可知中国排名第六；根据“North America is doing better than Europe”可知，North America的情况比欧洲的好，故North America的空气污染导致的死亡率最低。]‎ ‎8．Which may the author advocate to reduce air pollution?‎ A．Control the population.‎ B．Invent energies.‎ C．Use air transport models.‎ D．Go green.‎ D　[考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The WHO pointed to sustainable transport，waste management，and renewable energies as possible ways to reduce air pollution”可知，要减少空气污染，人们得过绿色生活。故选D。]‎ ‎【词汇复现】‎ ‎1．considerable　　　adj. 相当多的 ‎2．conserve v. 保护 ‎3．sustainable adj. 可持续的 ‎4．n.罪犯 criminal ‎5．adj.财政的 financial ‎6．v.分类 sort