安徽省蚌埠二中2020届高三我为高考命题比赛十英语试题 Word版含解析 25页

- 1 - 我为高考命题英语试题 本试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。如需 改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在 答题卡上，写 在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第 I卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后， 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅 读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节 （共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 - 2 - 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the woman regret? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What is the man? A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call? A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Why does the woman meet the man? A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. 14. What does the woman like about the carpet? A. Its color. B. Its design. C. Its quality. 15. What does the man say about the kitchen? A. It’s a good size. B. It’s newly painted. C. It’s adequately equipped. 16. What will the woman probably do next? - 3 - A. Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C. Make payment. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. Movie fans. B. News reporters. C. College students. 18. When did the speaker take English classes? A. Before he left his hometown. B. After he came to America. C. When he was 15 years old. 19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher? A. He’s proud. B. He’s sympathetic. C. He’s grateful. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. How education shaped his life. B. How his language skills improved. C. How he managed his business well. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind, but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. - 4 - ID required. ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 1. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3. C. At the the Laser Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance. 2. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A. Train Science teachers. B. Distribute science books. C. Inspire scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom. 3. What is the purpose of the last part of the text? A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events. C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Center’s history. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了 Pacific Science Center，并展示了 Pacific Science Center 为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 souvenir 定位在第一段 The store is located(位于) upstairs - 5 - in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知，Pacific Science Center 的购物点在 Laser Dome 旁边的 3 号楼的楼上。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据题干for school定位在最后一段Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry based science education to classrooms and company events all over Washington State 可知，现在 Pacific Science Center 每年 向 130 多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到华盛顿州的学校课程。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段标题 Support Pacific Science Center 和信息句 Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center 可知，作者呼吁读者支持 Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之捐赠。故选 A。 B Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’ teeth, instead of destroying them. It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?” With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded - 6 - in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria. Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy. As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile. Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. 4. How did Moore react to her dad’s warning? A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out. C. She paid no attention. D. She chose to consult dentists. 5. What is special about CanCandy? A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners. C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists’ recipe. 6. What does Moore expect from her business? A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles. C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies. 7. What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story? A. Fame is a great thirst of the young. B. A youth is to be regarded with respect. C. Positive thinking and action result in success. D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C - 7 - 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我 们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的 But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫 CanCandy 的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路，解决问题。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的 Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜 味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，Moore 想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了 Moor 的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时， 她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思 考和行动会带来成功。故选 C。 C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications - 8 - in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消 亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 8. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected 9. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern. 10. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 . B. About 3,400 C. About 2,400 D. About 1,200. 11. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. C 【解析】 - 9 - 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系 紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语 言种类达到了 12,000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此 推知 dominant languages 意为“强有力的语言”。故选 C。 【10 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有 6800 种语言，但是讲的人数少于 6000 人的占一半即 3400。故选 B。 【11 题详解】 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C。 点睛：长难句解读 In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 分析：dominant 前的 and 连接两个并列句，all 和前面的名词短语 trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications 是同位语。 - 10 - 句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是 过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都导致许多语言消失。而且像英语、西班牙语和 汉语等主流语言正日益占据主导地位。 D Young children often “read” picture books. They’re attracted by the colorful scenery and the realistic characters that contribute to fascinating plots. Unfortunately, some children can’t use these resources, even if they do know how to read. Take three-year old Elodie Bateson, for example. Elodie was born with under-developed eyes and has retinal detachments（视网膜脱落），making her visually impaired. It is because of people like Elodie that Tom Yeh, head of the Tactile Picture Books Project, has started printing 3D books, so they can feel the illustrations in picture books. The first book Tom Yeh printed was Goodnight Moon, a popular children’s book about a rabbit going to sleep and wishing good night to his surroundings. In the 3D version of this book， children can feel each thing that the rabbit says good night to, whether it is a cow jumping over the moon, a balloon, or a dollhouse. Generally, when children grow older, they read by using Braille, a language that was invented by Louis Braille in 1824. It uses different patterns of raised dots representing different letters. Readers can then feel the dots and mentally translate the patterns they feel into words. The only problem is that many blind children do not start learning Braille until they are about six years old. Another reason why 3D printed books are such a valuable resource is that children don’t have to know how to read to understand them. However, without these, visually impaired kids are losing six developmental years vital to their growth since they can ’t take advantage of picture books. When 3D picture books are printed, plastic is layered（分层放置）repeatedly over a single shape: the shape of the illustration. These raised pictures created through layered plastic serve as substitutes for the Braille letters that little children have no knowledge of. - 11 - 12. What does the underlined word “impaired” in paragraph 2 mean？ A. Unmatched. B. Disappeared. C. Defeated. D. Damaged. 13. What can we know about Braille from Paragraph 5？ A. The blind at any age can read by using Braille. B. Most people can translate Braille into words. C. Blind kids begin learning Braille at about six years old. D. Braille uses similar patterns of raised dots to stand for different letters. 14. We can know that the illustrations in 3D books are raised ______ . A. dots B. pictures C. letters D. plastic 15. What is the aim of the Tactile Picture Books Project？ A. To teach the blind children Braille. B. To encourage kids to read books. C. To cure visually impaired children. D. To help the blind children read picture books. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，为了让失明的孩子能早点读书，一个项目开发出 3D 图画书， 失明的孩子可以通过触摸这些图画进行阅读。 【12 题详解】 词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Elodie was born with under-developed eyes and has retinal detachments（视网膜脱落），making her visually impaired.”（Elodie 出生时眼睛发育不 良，有视网膜脱离，使她的视力受损。），可知 Elodie 眼睛发育不良且视网膜脱离，所以视力 受损，此处 impaired 意为“受损”。故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“The only problem is that many blind children do not start learning Braille until they are about six years old.”（唯一的问题是，许多 盲童直到六岁左右才开始学习盲文。），可知盲童六岁左右开始学习盲文。故选 C 项。 【14 题详解】 - 12 - 细节理解题。由最后一段“When 3D picture books are printed, plastic is layered（分 层放置）repeatedly over a single shape: the shape of the illustration. These raised pictures created through layered plastic serve as substitutes for the Braille letters that little children have no knowledge of.”（3D 绘本打印时，塑料在一个图形上重复 分层：插图的图形。这些通过分层塑料制作的凸起的图片可以代替小孩子不知道的盲文字母。 这些通过分层塑料制作的凸起的图片可以代替小孩子不知道的盲文字母。），可知 3D 书籍中的 插图是凸起的图片。故选 B 项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段的“It is because of people like Elodie that Tom Yeh, head of the Tactile Picture Books Project, has started printing 3D books, so they can feel the illustrations in picture books.”（正是因为有像 Elodie 这样（视力受损）的人， 触觉绘本项目负责人 Tom Yeh 才开始印刷 3D 书籍，这样他们才能感受到绘本中的插图。），可 推断出 Tactile Picture Books Project 的目的在于帮助盲童阅读图画书。故选 D 项。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ___16___Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent? ___17___They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance. To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. ___18___In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive - 13 - effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” ___19___ Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force. ___20___ An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well. A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent. B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent. C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention. D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world. F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent. G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. F 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才 要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的 普通球员。 【16 题详解】 上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文 说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板 花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选 B。 【17 题详解】 下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出 下文，E 选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选 E。 【18 题详解】 - 14 - 上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程 度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G 选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足 球和篮球。”切题，故选 G。 【19 题详解】 上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D 选项“球星显然 没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选 D。 【20 题详解】 下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通 球员。”该空引出下文，F 选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得 多。”切题，故选 F。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 原创（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier. ___21___ this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a significant environmental problem. The ___22___ hibernation period could actually lead to significant declines in the populations of several species. Some of the first concrete evidence of the ___23___ came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot (旱獭) hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, ___24___, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots are waking up about a month ___25___. At least the marmots are ___26___ hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. In parts of the United States, chipmunks (花鼠) also ___27___ the hibernation period. The bears seem to have ___28___ without losing many individuals. The chipmunks, however, were not so ___29___. Many of the animals died ____30____ starvation during the winter. - 15 - The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether ____31____ the creatures' metabolism (新陈代谢). When an animal hibernates, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals' heart rate ____32____, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake from their winter slumber (睡 眠), their metabolism returns to ____33____. But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation , food sources aren't as ____34____ as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get ____35____, thinking it's spring, but plants will not have gotten the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no ____36____ food source. Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get ____37____. ____38____ changes in hibernation patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier. For many biologists, that's a ____39____ prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said: "I do think what we will be facing is the ____40____ of many species." 21. A. When B. But C. While D. So 22. A. increased B. shortened C. declined D. spread 23. A. phenomenon B. atmosphere C. circumstance D. situation 24. A. but B. so C. therefore D. however 25. A. later B. earlier C. longer D. before 26. A. still B. thus C. never D. not 27. A. entered B. failed C. skipped D. lost 28. A. died B. lived C. survived D. existed 29. A. delighted B. lucky C. mild D. refreshed 30. A. from B. in C. with D. of 31. A. lie down B. lie with C. get into D. get along with - 16 - 32. A. decreases B. slows C. stops D. falls 33. A. abnormal B. average C. ordinary D. normal 34. A. available B. rich C. full D. enough 35. A. hotter B. better C. cooler D. warmer 36. A. steady B. reliable C. casual D. fixed 37. A. unfortunate B. harmful C. disappointed D. worse 38. A. In addition to B. As a result of C. Due to D. In spite of 39. A. desperate B. hopeful C. scary D. eager 40. A. survival B. tendency C. existence D. extinction 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，全球变暖导致一些动物的冬眠期变短，给这些动物带来巨大 影响，动物数量会减少，有些动物甚至会灭绝。 【21 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然这看起来有点令人担忧，但实际上却是一个重大的环境问题。 A. When 当……时候；B. But 但是；C. While 虽然……但是……；D. So 因此。由语境可知， 前后两句表让步，意为“虽然……但是……”，应用 While。故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：缩短的冬眠期实际上可能导致几个物种的数量显著下降。A. increased 增加；B. shortened 缩短；C. declined 减少、拒绝；D. spread 扩散。由上文的 global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier 可知， 此空指缩短的冬眠期。故选 B 项。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一现象最早的一些具体证据来自科罗拉多州，在那里，洛基山 生物实验室的研究人员从 20 世纪 70 年代就开始观察旱獭的冬眠行为。A. phenomenon 现象； B. atmosphere 气氛；C. circumstance 环境；D. situation 情况。由上文语境可知，全球变 - 17 - 暖导致动物冬眠期缩短，此空指的是（缩短的冬眠期）这一现象。故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在这个地区的气温已经上升了 2.5 华氏度，旱獭大约一 个月前就醒了。A. but 只有、仅仅；B. so 那么；C. therefore 因此；D. however 然而。由 上下文语境可知，旱獭一般冬眠到 5 月份的几个星期，现在却大约一个月前就醒了，前后表 转折，应用副词 however。故选 D项。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在这个地区的气温已经上升了 2.5 华氏度，旱獭大约 一个月前就醒了。A. later 后来的；B. earlier 更早的；C. longer 更长的；D. before 之 前。由上文的 global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier 可知，温度上升，动物会醒的早。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：至少旱獭还在冬眠。A. still 还、仍然；B. thus 那么；C. never 绝不；D. not 不。由下文的 Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently 可知，其他一些动物最近根本没有冬眠，说明旱獭还在冬眠。故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国部分地区，花栗鼠也跳过了冬眠期。A. entered 进入；B. failed 失败；C. skipped 跳过、不参加；D. lost 丢失。由上文的 Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently 可知，其他一些动物最近根本没有冬眠，熊和花栗 鼠是举例说明，所以花栗鼠跳过了冬眠期。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：熊似乎在没有失去许多个体的情况下幸存下来。A. died 死亡；B. lived 居住；C. survived 幸存；D. existed 存在。由下文的 without losing many individuals 可知，熊幸存了下来。故选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，花栗鼠并没有那么幸运。A. delighted 开心的；B. lucky 幸运的；C. mild 温和的；D. refreshed 恢复精力的。由上文的 however 可知，此处表转折， 熊幸存了下来，说明花栗鼠没有幸存下来，花栗鼠不幸运。故选 B 项。 【30 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：许多动物在冬天饿死了。A. from 从……；B. in 在……；C. with - 18 - 用……；D. of……的。由语境可知，此处指“饿死”。固定搭配 die of starvation（饿死）， 符合语境。故选 D 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：动物早醒或不冬眠的问题在于它们的新陈代谢。A. lie down 躺下； B. lie with 在于、是……的责任；C. get into 进入；D. get along with 与……和睦相处。 由语境可知，此处指动物的新陈代谢要为动物早醒或不冬眠的问题负责。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些动物的心率减慢，而且它们需要的能量很少。A. decreases 减少；B. slows 放慢；C. stops 停止；D. falls 落下。由上文的 When an animal hibernates, their metabolism drops significantly 可知，动物冬眠新陈代谢明显下降，所以这些动物 的心率也减慢。故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当动物从冬眠中醒来时，它们的新陈代谢恢复正常。A. abnormal 异常的；B. average 平均的；C. ordinary 普通的；D. normal 正常的。由常识可知，动物冬 眠醒来后，它们的新陈代谢会恢复正常。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，虽然它们的新陈代谢可能和冬眠前一样活跃，但食物来 源却不像冬眠前（那样容易）找到的。A. available 可找到的；B. rich 富有的；C. full 充 满的；D. enough 足够的。由语境可知，此处指冬眠时的食物不像冬眠前那样找得到。故选 A 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当气温升高时，旱獭可能会醒来，以为春天到了，但植物不会 得到足够的阳光来开启春天的生长期。A. hotter 更热的；B. better 更好的；C. cooler 更 冷的；D. warmer 更温暖的。由上文语境可知，气温升高，动物会醒的早，所以此空指气温升 高，变得温暖。故选 D 项。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以直到植物生长时，旱獭没有可靠的食物来源。A. steady 稳 定的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. casual 随便的；D. fixed 固定的。由上文的 until the plants grow 可知，植物没有成长，可推断出动物是没有可靠的食物来源的。故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 - 19 - 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多科学家认为这个问题将继续恶化。A. unfortunate 不幸的； B. harmful 有害的；C. disappointed 失望的；D. worse 更糟的。由下文语境可知，科学家 预测一些动物会迁徙，甚至一些动物会灭绝，说明这个问题将继续恶化。故选 D 项。 【38 题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：除了冬眠模式的改变外，一些人认为其他动物也会开始改变 它们的迁徙模式或更早开始分娩。A. In addition to 除了；B. As a result of (作)为…… 的结果；C. Due to 由于；D. In spite of 尽管。由下文语境可知，此处指除了冬眠模式的 改变外，气候变暖还导致其它的一些问题，如动物迁徙模式的改变或更早开始分娩。故选 A 项。 【39 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多生物学家来说，这是一个可怕的前景。A. desperate 绝 望的；B. hopeful 有希望的；C. scary 可怕的、吓人的；D. eager 渴望的。由上文语境可知， 动物冬眠期缩短这个问题将继续恶化，说明这是一个可怕的前景。故选 C 项。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学的动物专家 Terry Root 说：“我确实认为，我们将面 临的是许多物种的灭绝。”A. survival 生存；B. tendency 趋势；C. existence 存在；D. extinction 灭绝。由上文语境可知，动物冬眠期缩短这个问题将会导致动物冬眠模式和迁徙 模式的改变或更早开始分娩，对许多生物学家来说，这是一个可怕的前景，可推断出许多物 种会灭绝。故选 D 项。 第 II 卷（非选择题） 第二节 原创（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese have a saying: “Firewood, rice, oil, salt, vinegar and tea are the seven ___41___ (necessary) to begin a day.” For the Chinese, tea drinking and tasting are not similar. Tea drinking can help us keep up one’s spirit ___42___tea tasting has cultural meaning. Tea and tea sets should match ___43___ (surround) such as the breeze, the bright moon, pines, bamboo and snow. All these show the goal of Chinese culture: the ___44___ (harmony) unity of human beings with nature. ___45___ (compare) to personal characters, its flavor is pleasant, low-key and ___46___ (last). A friendship between gentlemen is also like a cup of tea. ___47___a - 20 - cup of tea in hand, enjoying the green leaves in a white china cup, you will feel the peace, ___48___(leave) fame, wealth and other earthly concerns far away. ___49___(similar), tea-drinking habits vary in different parts of China. Generally, flowering tea is popular in northern China; green tea ____50____ (prefer) in eastern China and black tea is fit for people in Fujian and Guangdong. Tea is commonly available not only in Chinese restaurants and grocery shops nationwide but also worldwide. 【答案】41. necessities 42. while 43. surroundings 44. harmonious 45. Compared 46. lasting 47. with 48. leaving 49. Similarly 50. is preferred 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章简要地讲述了茶的好处和中国茶文化。 【41 题详解】 考查名词的数。the seven ___1__后接名词形式，necessity 意为“必需品”时，是可数名词， 此处指“七大必需品”，此空用名词的复数形式。故填 necessities。 【42 题详解】 考查连词。本句意为“喝茶可以帮助我们保持精神状态，然而品茶具有文化意义”，前后两 句表对比，应用连词 while（然而）。故填 while。 【43 题详解】 考查名词。本句意为“茶和茶具应与周围环境相匹配，如微风、明月、松树、竹子和雪。”， 指“环境”，应用名词 surroundings（环境）。故填 surroundings。 【44 题详解】 考查形容词。名词 unity 需要形容词修饰，此空用形容词形式。故填 harmonious。 【45 题详解】 考查过去分词。本句已有谓语动词 is 且无连词，本空应用非谓语形式，主语 its flavor 和 - 21 - 动词 compare 是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动做状语，首字母大写。故填 Compared。 【46 题详解】 考查形容词。本句是主系表结构，形容词作表语，并列连词 and 前面是形容词，此空也用形 容词。故填 lasting。 【47 题详解】 考查 with 复合结构。此处意为“手里拿着一杯茶”，用“with+名词+宾补”结构，这里是介 词短语 in hand 作宾补。故填 with。 【48 题详解】 考查现在分词。本句已有谓语 will feel 且无连词，本空应用非谓语形式，主语 you 和动词 leave 是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词（doing）表主动做状语。故填 leaving。 【49 题详解】 考查副词。此处要副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填 Similarly。 【50 题详解】 考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词，本文是说明文，讲的是现在的事实，时态用一般现在 时，主语 green tea（不可数）和动词 prefer 是被动关系，要用被动语态（be done）。故填 is preferred。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by - 22 - sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 【答案】 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在去年寒假期间和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶过程中 的所见所闻，由此讲述了乡下的巨大变化。 1. countryside 前加 the 考查冠词。句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此 处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词 the。 2. find 改成 found 考查动词时态。根据文章中的 During my last winter holiday 可知， 事件发生在过去，故用过去时。故将 find 改成 found。 3. another 改成 other 考查形容词的用法。句意：他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、 鸭子和其他牲畜。another 后面只能跟单数名词，故改成 other。 4. here 改成 there 考查副词及语意理解。句意：去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将 here 改成 there。 5. chicken 改成 chickens 考查名词复数。句意：他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多 只鸡。根据前文的 dozens of 可知，其后用名词复数形式。 6. which 改成 in which 或 where 考查定语从句的关系词。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里 面养着鱼。此处 a small pond 是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故把 which 改 成 in which 或 where。 7. sell 改成 selling 考查动名词。句意：我爷爷说去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。 此处介词 by 后用动名词，故用 selling。 - 23 - 8. happily 改成 happy 考查形容词作表语。句意：我很高兴他们的生活有了很大提高。此 处形容词作表语，故将 happily 改成 happy。 9. 删除 for 考查介词的用法。时间名词有 every，each，last 等词修饰时，其前不用介 词。故删除 for。 10. but 改成 and 考查并列连词的用法。句意：我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处 是接连发生的动作，是顺承关系，故将 but 改成 and。 点睛：本文中第 9处改错是学生容易忽视的考点。时间名词有 every，each，last，this，that 等词修饰时，其前不用介词。 例：We are going to fish this morning. I finished the course last winter holiday. 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52. 假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们国重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教 Lucy 写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括： 1. 出发及返回时间； 2. 活动：包饺子、表演节目等。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 结语已为你写好。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua 【答案】Dear Lucy, I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in our culture. We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them - 24 - happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning. Looking forward to your reply. Yours Li Hua 【解析】 试题分析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息说明邀请 Lucy 去参加的活动和时间等。 写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：邀 请、时间、具体活动。2、提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。 要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。本文写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。3、 根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般将来时态。4.注意使用高 级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。 【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明。We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.中用了 which 引导的 定语从句和句式 spend time doing。此外，还有 if 从句以及一些短语如 invite you to join us，for a visit to，make dumplings 等。 【考点定位】考查提纲作文。 - 25 -