【英语】江苏省徐州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第一次月考试题（解析版） 28页

江苏省徐州市第一中学2019-2020学年高二下学期 第一次月考英语试题 第一部分 单项选择（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上相应位置进行填涂。‎ ‎1.The private place is only accessible to the royal family and those who have the______ granted by the Queen.‎ A. certificate B. privilege C. dignity D. elegance ‎【答案】B ‎ 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这个私人场所只有皇室成员和那些被女王授权特权的人们可以进入。A. certificate证书；B. privilege特权；C. dignity尊严；D. elegance 优雅。根据常识，是被女王授予“特权”进入私人场所，故B项正确。‎ ‎2._____ of their bad habits,the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to _______ for others.‎ A. Having rid; sacrificing B. To rid; sacrifice C. Rid; sacrificing D. Having been rid; sacrifice ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过摆脱坏习惯后，男孩们从依赖父母的人变成了可以为他人牺牲的人。the boys是rid的执行者，要用现在分词的主动形式，排除C和D。changed fromto （从……转向……）中to是介词，后跟doing。故选A。‎ ‎3.________ throughout the countryside and remote areas, satellite dishes make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.‎ A. Seen distributing B. Seen to be distributed C. Seen distributed D. Having seen distributed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：遍布乡村和边远地区的卫星天线使远离城市的人们可以收看电视。前后主语相同，主语satellite dishes和动词“看”是被动关系，要用过去分词。‎ distribute“分布”，看到卫星天线被分布在偏远地区，表被动用过去分词。综上，C选项正确。‎ ‎4.The job applicant was not qualified for the vacant position as he didn’t have the______ experience as required for the job.‎ A. obvious B. ambitious C. relevant D. apparent ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这位求职者没有资格担任空缺职位，因为他没有这项工作所需的相关经验。A. obvious明显的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. relevant相关的；D. apparent明显的。根据常识可知，是相关经验，故C选项正确。‎ ‎5.What would have happened _________, as far as the river bank?‎ A. if Bob has walked farther B. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob should walk farther D. if Bob walked farther ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果鲍勃走得更远，一直走到河岸，会发生什么事呢？通过主句的谓语动词可以判断出是虚拟语气，主句谓语动词（would have done）是对过去事实的虚拟，所以从句也是对过去的虚拟，采用过去虚拟结构（had done），这里省略了if，所以had提前。故选B项。‎ ‎【点睛】本句考查if对过去事实相反的假设，省略了if，所以had提前。if在虚拟语气三种情况：(1)对过去事实相反：从句had done，主句would/could/might+have done (2)对现在事实相反：从句did /were，主句would/could/might+do (3)对将来事实相反：从句should do/were to do/did，主句would/could/might+do。‎ ‎6.The cloth that she bought looks ______, feels ______ and sells _______.‎ A. beautiful; soft; well B. beauty; softly; well C. beautifully; softly; good D. beautiful; soft; good ‎【答案】A ‎【详解】考查形容词和副词。句意：她买的布看起来很漂亮，摸起来很柔软，销路很好。A. beautiful; soft; well漂亮的；柔软的；很好地；B. beauty; softly; well美貌；柔和地；很好地；C. beautifully; softly; good漂亮地；柔和地；好的；D. beautiful; soft; good漂亮的；柔和的；好的。根据looks和feels是系动词，后接形容词表语；sells是动词，要用副词修饰动词，well是副词。故选A项。‎ ‎7.I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise I _________ you waiting for such a long time.‎ A. will not keep B. have not kept C. had not kept D. would not have kept ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我遇到堵车长达一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么久的。Otherwise“否则”是解题的关键，相当于虚拟语气的从句“如果不堵车”，那“我就不会让你等”考查的是主句。从was可以判定出与过去相反，主句要用would have done，表示否定用 would not have kept。综上，D选项正确。‎ ‎8.Those who continuously acquire new knowledge that they can ________ their work are more likely to succeed.‎ A. contribute to B. correspond to C. subscribe to D. apply to ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：那些不断获得新知识并能应用到工作中的人更有可能成功。A. contribute to有助于，贡献；B. correspond to相当于…，符合于…；C. subscribe to预计，同意；D. apply to适用于，应用于。that引导定语从句，修饰knowledge；根据their work are more likely to succeed可知是能应用到工作的。故选D项。‎ ‎9.The salesman sold me the car at a lower price and added some fancy gifts _____.‎ A. for example B. for sale C. for good measure D. for one thing ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：那个销售员以较低的价格卖给我这辆车，还奉送了一些精美的礼品。A. for example例如；B. for sale出售；C. for good measure作为额外增添，另外，作为外加的东西；D. for one thing一方面。根据语境判断，C选项正确。‎ ‎10.The belief,as is a commonly accepted saying ___________ practice makes perfect fails to work wonders if repeated without action.‎ A. what B. which C. that D. where ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：信念，正如人们普遍接受的谚语“熟能生巧”‎ 一样，如果不采取行动就不能创造奇迹。as引导定语从句修饰belief，空格后的从句是在解释belief的内容，这是同位语从句，从句成分完整，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，不能省略；综上，C选项正确。‎ ‎11.The reason why he hasn’t come is ___________.‎ A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他没有来原因是他妈妈生病了。the reason why…is that…，that引导表语从句，在句中起连接作用，不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思。故选C项。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关键是分析句子成分，如果句子很完整就使用关系副词。如果句子中缺少主语，宾语，表语或者定语就使用关系代词。表语从句的重点是连接词的用法辨析，that引导表语从句，在句中起连接作用，不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思。What要在句中做主语，宾语，表语等成分。‎ ‎12.Speaking in an inspection in Yunnan Province,Xi Jinping said authorities must ______ poverty removal efforts to support the building of a rich and successful country.‎ A. participate B. allocate C. appreciate D. accelerate ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：在云南省的一次视察中，习近平讲话说当局一定要加快脱贫步伐来支持国家奔小康的建设。A. participate参加；B. allocate分配；C. appreciate感激，鉴赏；D. accelerate加快。根据语境判断，D选项正确。‎ ‎13.Please don't ________ these details to anyone else. Just keep them to yourself.‎ A. give out B. let out C. point out D. put out ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：请不要把这些细节泄露给任何人。你自己知道就行了。A. give out公布，分发；B. let out泄露，放出；C. point out指出，指明；D. put out出版，熄灭，伸出。根据Just keep them to yourself.可知此处是泄露之意。故选B项。‎ ‎14.It was not until I was chosen monitor of the class ________ to realize the importance of teamwork.‎ A. did I come B. had I come.‎ C. when I came D. that I came ‎【答案】D ‎【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到被选为班长，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。强调句型：It is/was +强调部分+that (若强调部分指人也可用who)+其他。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【点睛】使用强调句型的几个注意事项 ‎1.被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。It is I who am right.It is he who is wrong. It is the students who are lovely.‎ ‎2.即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that.‎ It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.是因为大雨他迟到了。‎ ‎3.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class.‎ ‎4.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格。It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.‎ ‎5.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.‎ ‎6.It is/was+not until---+that+其他。‎ 温馨提示 It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study去掉It was that句子为Three years ago he went to America for a further study.句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调句型。‎ ‎15.Picasso experimented with different styles of painting,but was most famous for his work in Cubism,________often uses acute angles and _______the world is represented as being constructed of cubes and rectangles.‎ A. what; where B. which; where C. which; which D. that; which ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：毕加索尝试了不同的绘画风格，但最著名的是立体画作品。立体画作品中经常使用锐角并且世界是由立方体和长方形构成的。his work ‎（他的作品）是先行词，在第一个非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用which；第二个定语从句成分完整，先行词his work在第二个定语从句中作地点状语，故B选项正确。‎ ‎16.Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA, but it took 50 years ________ 66 percent of American households had it.‎ A. before B. when C. after D. until ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】考查连词。句意：有线电视起源于1948年的美国，但直到50年后才有66%的美国家庭拥有有线电视。A. before多久……才；B. when当……时候；C. after之后；D. until直到。故选A。‎ ‎17.Don’t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth.‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在刷牙的时候，不要一直让水流着。leave sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直不停地做某事，leave使…处于某种状态。宾语water与run之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故B正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本题的leave指“使…处于某种状态”；在高中的学习近平时要多积累固定搭配的用法，考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题，尤其是单项选择很难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的。‎ ‎18.Your parents seem very much opposed ________ abroad. What will you do about it?‎ A. your going B. you to go ‎ C. to your going D. your to go ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：你的父母似乎非常反对你出国。你会怎么做？固定短语opposed to反对，to是介词，后接名词做宾语。故选C项。‎ ‎19.When the student wanted to have a go, the teacher gave him a nod of ________.‎ A. support B. promise ‎ C. approval D. suggestion ‎【答案】C ‎【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那个学生想试一试时，老师点头表示同意。A. support支持；B. promise承诺；C. approval批准，认可；D. suggestion建议。名词approval有获得批准、同意之意，a nod of approval点头同意。故选C项。‎ ‎20.________snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.‎ A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring ‎【答案】B ‎【详解】考查倒装。句意：他们不仅带来了零食和饮料，而且当他们在森林里野餐时，他们还带来了扑克作为娱乐。否定短语not only放在句首，从句要用部分倒装。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。‎ Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活） ‎ ‎1) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法： ‎ 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。） ‎ In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化） ‎ ‎2) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 ‎ Only in the country can you learn the “true English”. ‎ ‎3）一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。 ‎ 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。‎ 本题把否定词not only放在了句首，后面使用部分倒装的形式。AD项没有部分倒装，C 项使用了全部倒装。故B正确。‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your 9-to-5 desk job) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed to help – until now.‎ A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary（久坐的）job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio（比率）depends on how much you sit: people who work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once – or rigorous（严格的）. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.‎ The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and Australia. Using previous data, the researches examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.‎ Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.‎ ‎21. The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________.‎ A. make up for B. break away from C. give up D. take the place of ‎22. According to the new study, good news for the people working long hours at desk is that ________.‎ A. workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long B. the harm of sitting for long has been proved C. they don’t have to exercise as long as suggested previously D. the time spent on exercise is flexible ‎23. What can be inferred from the article?‎ A. The best form of workouts is walking.‎ B. The longer you exercise, the better.‎ C. The new exercise goal is practical though higher.‎ D. A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly.‎ ‎24. The second paragraph is developed mainly ________.‎ A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast ‎【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。久坐对健康有害，但我们可以利用一切可以利用的空闲时间运动来进行补偿。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 猜测词义题。此处指利用之前的数据，研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据，并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。“compensate for”指补偿，弥补，与make up for同义，故选A.‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段The research also indicates that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once – or rigorous（严格的）. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.和第三段Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.可知对久坐的人来说，运动要求并不严格，可以在一天完成。由此可见时间比较灵活，故选D.‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.可知他们建议的每日锻炼目标比以前要高，但也能实现。故选C.‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第二段首句A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary（久坐的）job.和下面的具体数据是用例子来说明这项新研究的内容，所以本段是用了举例的方法，故选A.‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。‎ 下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。‎ ‎1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。‎ 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。小题1此处指利用之前的数据，研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据，并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。“compensate for”指补偿，弥补，与make up for同义。‎ ‎2.根据同位关系进行猜测 阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。‎ ‎3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。‎ 在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。‎ ‎4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。‎ 根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle 的意思是“困难，麻烦”。‎ B Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale Young people are bursting with artistic energy. The Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale (CYSS) of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts is a fun way for boys and girls to express themselves visually. It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.‎ CYSS is a highlight of Children and Youth Day, Wednesday, July 12, 2018. This day features performances for and by young people, art and craft workshops and demonstrations. All artists must he between the ages of 8 and 18 and live or have relatives living in any of the centrally located Pennsylvania counties to participate.‎ All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18. The sales of work made from small animals and the sales of food are prohibited. A complete listing of the rules can be found in the application. Please review the rules carefully as they may have changed since you last participated in the event.‎ Artists must personally be present during the entire clay. Representatives, including family members, may not attend in place of the artist.‎ How to Enter ‎1. Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.‎ ‎2. On a separate sheet, provide a brief description of the artwork and the materials used. Do not send samples; they cannot be returned.‎ ‎3. Enclose at least one photograph of your work.‎ ‎4. Mail application and photo of your work to P. O. Box 1023, Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.‎ ‎25. What’s the aim of CYSS?‎ A. To teach young people to develop their interest in arts.‎ B. To help young people get some extra money for their work.‎ C. To get young people to develop their artistic potential.‎ D. To improve the performing skills of young people.‎ ‎26. What’s the feature of Children and Youth Day?‎ A. All the artworks are original and proper for young people.‎ B. Most of the artworks are focused on animal protection.‎ C. The participants must be residents of central Pennsylvania.‎ D. The sales of artworks about animals are not allowed.‎ ‎27. Which of the following is required for application?‎ A. A sample of the applicant’s artwork.‎ B. A return envelope with stamps on it.‎ C. Detailed description of the artwork.‎ D. The signature of the applicant’s parent.‎ ‎【答案】25. C 26. A 27. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文主要介绍了为了帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能，举办了CYSS活动，并且说明了参加此次活动的要求。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.可知CYSS的目的是帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能，选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18.可知儿童和青年日的特色是所有的作品都是别出心裁，并且适合年轻人，选A。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.可知申请时，需要申请人的父母签名，选D。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ 直接信息题，对于此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。例如：小题1 细节理解题。由It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual ‎ original objects.可知CYSS的目的是帮助年轻人开发他们的艺术潜能，选C。‎ C ‎“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.‎ By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.‎ In her Study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before and after quit day.‎ Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it--more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.‎ And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice,’” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.‎ People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.‎ ‎28. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?‎ A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help B. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health C. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers D. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly ‎29. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?‎ A. They were given physical training B. They were offered nicotine replacement C. They were encouraged by psychologist D. They were looked after by physicians ‎30. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?‎ A. It is encouraging B. It is unexpected C. It is impractical D. It is misleading ‎31. Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking .‎ A is something few can accomplish B. requires a lot of patience C. needs some practice first D. is a challenge at the beginning ‎【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C ‎【解析】‎ 牛津大学的Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，因此他现在研究这一课题。通过研究700名成年的吸烟者，她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且戒地很突然、很彻底。A、B、C选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句话，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用nicotine replacement(尼古丁替代疗法)之外，还使用nicotine patches尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talk therapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文中第五段后半部分Dr. Gabriela Ferreira的引语部分，其中她提到“It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it.”得知Dr. Gabriela Ferreira认为 Lindson-Hawley的研究结果令人鼓舞，故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第五段第2行以及上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习， A、B、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ ‎4.C【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。答案需要从文章的第五段第2行以及上下文， And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’进行推断。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据第五段第2行以及上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，‎ ‎【推理关系】题干Take the idea of “a marathon” (Para.5) as an example to show that quitting smoking .☞文章内容And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’.” ‎ ‎【答案】if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’☞C选项needs some practice first D That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the 4Tirst-nighf, effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.‎ Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.‎ The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected ‎ the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.‎ Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.‎ ‎32. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?‎ A. She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.‎ B. She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.‎ C. She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D. She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.‎ ‎33. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?‎ A. She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.‎ B. She recruited (招募) 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.‎ C. She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.‎ D. She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.‎ ‎34. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?‎ A. She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.‎ B. She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.‎ C. She exposed her participants to two different stimuli (刺激物).‎ D. She compared the responses of different participants.‎ ‎35. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?‎ A. They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.‎ B. They tended to recognize irregular beeps as a threat.‎ C. They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.‎ D. They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones ‎【答案】32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 这篇文章的主题和睡眠环境有关，在一个陌生的环境里，人们睡在陌生的床上通常会无法入眠，心理学家们将这种现象称之为“初夜”效应。本文围绕着睡眠环境和研究者的调查内容与结论展开叙述。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. Dr. Yuka Sasaki先前对鸟类和海豚的实验中发现动物在睡觉时左半侧大脑远没有右半侧大脑睡得深，这样可以使它们在休息时保持对捕食者的警惕，表明动物的大脑活动是不对称的，Sasaki好奇人类情况是否类似。可以得知对人类睡眠实验的想法来源于之前对鸟和海豚做的实验。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段“Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.”。这句话提到Sasaki博士重新进行了一次实验，他让睡眠中的参加者听了两种声音，分别是“mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone”(定时响起音调不变的嘀声)和“irregular beeps of a different tone”(随机响起音调各异的嘀声)。故选A。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段“Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular ‎ beeps of a different tone during the night.”。这句话提到Sasaki博士重新进行了一次实验，他让睡眠中的参加者听了两种声音，分别是“mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone”(定时响起音调不变的嘀声)和“irregular beeps of a different tone”(随机响起音调各异的嘀声)。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。该题定位句是最后一段She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.。得知Sasaki博士在实验中发现当人们在陌生环境中睡觉时，左半侧大脑保持清醒以警惕陌生环境，对随机发出的嘀声有所反应将人们从睡眠中叫醒，并且同时会忽略定时发出的嘀嘀声。可以推断出人们会把随机发出的嘀声视作一个威胁。故选B。‎ 第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Many of us are hardwired NOT to ask for help. We think it makes us appear weak. We think people will say no. we think we have to do everything ourselves.___36___. We have to get over that, and there’s how:‎ Get over yourself No one—and I mean NO ONE----got anywhere alone. You cannot and should not do everything yourself. You are not, in fact, always the best person for the job, or the “only” person who can do it. asking for help is sign of strength, not weakness. Asking for help clears space for you and frees your time and energy. ___37___.‎ Rebuild your thinking Rebuild what it means to ask for help from “I am a weak, incompetent loser” to “I am strategically allocating my time to focus on what matters most.” Don’t focus on the fact that you can’t do something or don’t have the time. ___38___. It’s a chance to connect, a chance to value a colleague, a chance to get something done faster or better, a chance to optimize your own time and talents.‎ ‎___39___‎ Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best outcome the most quickly ‎ with the fewest resources expended. That’s a fancy way of saying “get the right people for the job.” ___40___. And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.‎ A. Know your colleagues.‎ B. Think about your colleagues.‎ C. Your energy can’t be wasted.‎ D. It’s a smart strategy.‎ E. It’s all about building the right team.‎ F. Instead, think about what you will gain from the ask.‎ G. Whatever the reason, we don’t ask for the help we need.‎ ‎【答案】36. G 37. D 38. F 39. A 40. E ‎【解析】‎ 这篇短文介绍很多人天生不爱寻求帮助，我们应该学会克服这一点，不要自以为是，重建想法，了解同事，积极地建立关系。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据本段介绍人们天生不喜欢求助，G项意思是：不管什么原因，我们都不需要我们需要的帮助。符合本段意思，承接上文。故选G.‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查上下文推理判断能力。本段标题是“别自以为是”，并且本段介绍寻求帮助是力量的标志，而不是软弱。D项意思是：这是一个聪明的策略。D项作为本段最后一句，符合语境，承接上文。故选D.‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据上句意思，不要把注意力集中在你不能做某件事或者没有时间的事实上，并根据下文“这是一个联系的机会，一个机会去评价一个同事，一个更快或更好地完成某件事的机会，一个机会来优化你自己的时间和才能。”可知，该处要和上句意思是转折关系。F项意思是：相反，想想从这个问题中你会得到什么。符合语境。故选F.‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据本段最后一句“And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.”可知这一段是关于了解同事，建立关系。A 项意思：了解你的同事。符合语境，作为本段的标题最合适。故选A.‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查上下文推理判断能力。本段主题是了解同事，并且上文是说寻求帮助就是利用宝贵的资源，找合适的人做这份工作。E项意思是：这一切都是为了建立一个正确的团队。承接上文，符合语境。故选E.‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用 （共两节，满分 30）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共 20小题；每小题 1 分，满分20 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ For The Flying Classroom’s second project, 11 of us from Tehran went to Tokhme-Baloot, a rural village in Ilam, one of the poorest provinces in the country. ___41___ by the government, Ilam has a high rate of unemployment, ___42___ and drug use. People there used to make their living by farming, but now this way of life is ___43___ by constant famine (饥荒). The situation for children there is ___44___. Boys who don’t do well in school must start work after eighth grade and girls who don’t do well in school stay at home doing ___45___ or get married.‎ Because our research before the trip made us believe there were large ___46___ around the village, we planned our project concept around oak (橡树) trees and squirrels to make the children ___47___ the beauty of the environment.‎ ‎___48___ when we arrived at the village, we saw that there were only flat, ___49___ grass fields. Tokhme-Baloot was far less ___50___ than we had expected. The village had only gotten gas and electricity four years earlier, and it was sometimes ___51___ in the winter. After we saw the village and the surrounding area, the best concept for the project that we could think of focused on the respect for ___52___.‎ We began working with the students. Children started ___53___ the school equipment in bright colors. My colleague Zoya and I cut a dead branch into pieces and painted it to recreate a tree inside the school, as a symbol of nature ___54___ by children, and on it we hung the squirrels and cranes. We left the school in bright colors with objects to ___55___ the children’s imaginations.‎ Projects like ours are viewed ___56___ by Iran’s government, and during our trip we were ‎ ‎___57___ twice, once by the army and once by Basij, a paramilitary (准军事的) militia (民兵组织). They came to the school and talked to our group’s founder about the project, questioning him about is ___58___, who supported it, who our members were, etc. After the tip, we ___59___ that The Flying Classroom might be stopped, but ___60___, it wasn’t.‎ ‎41. A. Supported B. Ignored C. Cheated D. Valued ‎42. A. poverty B. influence C. development D. increase ‎43. A. used B. covered C. threatened D. enjoyed ‎44. A. hopeful B. poor C. wonderful D. strange ‎45. A. homework B. cooking C. chores D. washing ‎46. A. companies B. factories C. forests D. markets ‎47. A. destroy B. appreciate C. forget D. decide ‎48. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead ‎49. A. false B. dusty C. poisonous D. rare ‎50. A. developed B. visited C. known D. polluted ‎51. A. benefited B. produced C. burned D. interrupted ‎52. A. war B. nature C. love D. god ‎53. A. dreaming B. stealing C. painting D. borrowing ‎54. A. praised B. written C. created D. saved ‎55. A. limit B. inspire C. share D. check ‎56. A. skeptically B. naturally C. wonderfully D. secretly ‎57. A. sentenced B. killed C. interviewed D. rescued ‎58. A. purpose B. result C. income D. success ‎59. A. hoped B. concluded C. pretended D. feared ‎60. A. secondly B. fortunately C. unluckily D. gradually ‎【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。为了 The Flying Classroom的第二个项目，我们从Tehran 来到Tokhme-Baloot，在Ilam的一个偏远的村子。Ilam 被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。A. Supported 支持；B. Ignored 忽视；C. Cheated 欺骗；D. Valued珍惜。这里指由于政府忽视管理。故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。A. poverty 贫穷；B. influence影响；C. development发展；D. increase增长。失业必然导致贫穷。故选A。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：那里的人们过去靠农业谋生，但是现在这种生活方式被连续不断的饥荒所威胁。A. used使用； B. covered 覆盖；C. threatened 威胁；D. enjoyed喜爱。故选C。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：对那里的孩子来说情况就是可怜。A. hopeful 有希望的；B. poor 可怜的，贫穷的；C. wonderful 极好的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文可知，孩子们是可怜的。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：学业不好的男孩八年级之后一定开始工作，学业不好的女孩留在家里做零活或结婚。A. homework 家庭作业；B. cooking做饭；C. chores 零工；D. washing洗涤。故选C。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：因为我们旅行前的研究使我们相信有大片的森林，为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。A. companies 公司；B. factories 工厂；C. forests森林；D. markets市场。根据 we planned our project concept around oak (橡树) trees 可知，作者原以为这里会有大片的森林。故选C。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。A. destroy毁掉；B. appreciate鉴赏；C. forget忘记；D. decide决定。通过森林让孩子欣赏到环境的美。故选B。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。A. However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C. Besides另外；D. Instead反而。根据上下文可知，与作者之前想得不一样，所以用转折。故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。A. false 错误的；B. dusty充满灰尘的；C. poisonous有毒的；D. rare罕见的。故选B。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：Tokhme Baloot是远远低于我们预料的发展。A. developed发展；B. visited访问；C. known 知道；D. polluted污染。故选A。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：这个村庄四年前才有了煤气和电，在冬天有时候就中断了。A. benefited 有利于；B. produced生产；C. burned燃烧；D. interrupted打断。故选D。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：我们看到村子和周围的情况，我们认为我们要专注于对大自然的尊重。A. war 战争；B. nature自然；C. love爱； D. god上帝。故选B。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：孩子们开始用鲜艳的颜色粉刷学校的设备。A. dreaming梦想； B. stealing偷；C. painting 粉刷，绘画；D. borrowing借。这里指粉刷学校的设备。故选C。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我的同事Zoya和我砍掉一个死树枝，把它弄成碎片，粉刷它，把它变成学校的一棵树，作为被孩子们挽救的大自然的一个象征符号。A. praised赞美；B. written 写；C. created创造； D. saved挽救，节约。故选D。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我们把物品用鲜艳的颜色粉刷离开学校，激发孩子们的灵感。A. limit 限制；B. inspire鼓舞；C. share 分享；D. check核对。故选B。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：像我们这样的项目被伊朗政府持怀疑态度。A. skeptically怀疑地；B. naturally 自然地；C. wonderfully 极好地；D. secretly秘密地。故选A。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：在旅游期间我们被会见两次。A. sentenced审判；B. killed杀死； C.‎ ‎ interviewed会见，面试； D. rescued营救。故选C。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：他们来到学校，和我们小组的创始人谈了这个项目。询问的目的是，谁支持它，它的成员是谁。A. purpose 目的；B. result 结果；C. income收入；D. success成功。故选A。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。A. hoped 希望；B. concluded 得出结论；C. pretended假装； D. feared害怕。故选D。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。A. secondly第二；B. fortunately 幸运地；C. unluckily 不幸地；D. gradually逐渐地。没有被停止，所以很幸运。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第8小题，考查副词。A. However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C. Besides另外；D. Instead反而。然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故选A。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ These days, people ____61____ (do) manual work often receive far more money ____62____ clerks who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently ____63____(refer) to as 'white-collar workers' for the simple reason ____64____ they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. ____65____ is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay ____66____ the privilege of becoming white collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, ____67____ it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation. When he got married, Alf was too ____68____(embarrass) to say anything to his wife about his job. He ____69____(simple) told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home ____70____(dress) in a smart ‎ black suit.‎ ‎【答案】61. doing 62. than 63. referred 64. that 65. Such 66. for 67. as 68. embarrassed 69. simply 70. dressed ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今从事体力劳动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多，许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣，还举例了在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德·布洛格斯。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，从事体力劳动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多。分析句子可知，people doing manual work是主语，此处people与do之间是主动关系，因此用非谓语动词的doing形式。故填doing。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：如今，从事体力劳动的人通常比在办公室工作的职员收入高得多。根据句中比较级far more可知此处要用连词than。故填than。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：在办公室工作的人经常被称为“白领工人”，原因很简单，他们通常穿着白衬衫，系着领带去上班。此处是谓语动词表示被动语态的一部分，根据are frequently可知此处要用动词的过去分词形式。refer to sb./sth. as 意为“将某人/某物称作/视为……”。故填referred。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意：在办公室工作的人经常被称为“白领工人”，原因很简单，他们通常穿着白衬衫，系着领带去上班。此处是that引导的同位语从句，是reason的同位语。故填that。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣，这是人之常情。such“这样的事情”，在此指代后面that从句的内容。故填Such。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：许多人常常情愿牺牲较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的殊荣，这是人之常情。固定短语sacrifice for为……作出牺牲。故填for。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：这可能会引起一些奇怪的情况，就像在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德·布洛格斯的情况一样。连词as“像，正如”，根据it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs可知此处用连词as引导方式状语从句。表示故填as。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：艾尔弗结婚时，因为太难为情了，所以对妻子只字不提他的工作。根据too可知此处要用形容词，且主语是Alf，用形容词-ed形式。故填embarrassed。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：只是告诉她他在那家公司工作。此处要用副词修饰动词told。故填simply。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：每天早上，他穿着漂亮的黑色西装离开家。dressed in穿着，此处是过去分词作伴随状语，表示他出门时是穿着西装。故填dressed。‎ ‎【点睛】第8小题考查了形容词的用法。形容词有两类：一类是-ing形容词，常见的有interesting，surprising，relaxing，amazing，boring，moving，disappointing，exciting；另一类是-ed形容词，常见的有interested，surprised，relaxed，amazed，bored，moved，disappointed，excited。现就这两类形容词的用法比较如下：‎ 一、这两类形容词的含意不同： -ing形容词的含意为“令人…的”，着重点是“物”性，即一般情况下主语为物。-ed形容词的含意为“感到……的”，着重点是“人”性，即一般情况下主语为人。例如：‎ ‎1. This film is interesting.（主语为物）‎ ‎2. My classmates are interested in collecting stamps.（主语为人）‎ 二、这两类形容词在句中的语法功能不同：-ing形容词在句中既可以作定语，也可以作表语。-ed形容词在句中一般只能用作表语。例如：‎ ‎1. The story is exciting.（作表语）‎ ‎2. The exciting news came from the front.（作定语）‎ ‎3. She was excited to see such a good movie.（作表语）‎ 第三节 单词拼写 ‎71. E________ is a process of gradual change that takes place over many generations, during which species of animals, plants, or insects slowly change some of their physical characteristics.‎ ‎72. Emile invented a record player that used discs as a________ to tubes, so the modern ‎ record player was born.‎ ‎73. No matter what c________, when the phone rings, everything stops so that the call can be answered.‎ ‎74. The course has four main c________: business law, finance, computing and management skills.‎ ‎75. The beautiful island is only a________ by boat.‎ ‎76. Gravity is a natural p________ (现象).‎ ‎77. A needle is used for letting liquid out of body parts which had ________ (肿胀) up.‎ ‎78. Aspirin has the ________ (可能性) to reduce the risk of heart attacks.‎ ‎79. This medicine has proved ________ (有益的) to mankind, because it has saved millions of people’s lives.‎ ‎80. The kidney plays a ________ (极其重要的) role in the removal of waste products from the blood.‎ ‎【答案】71. Evolution 72. alternatives 73. circumstances 74. components 75. accessible 76. phenomenon 77. swollen 78. potential 79. beneficial 80. vital ‎【解析】‎ ‎【71题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：进化是一个发生在许多代人身上的渐进变化的过程，在这个过程中，各种动物、植物或昆虫慢慢地改变了它们的一些身体特征。根据a process of gradual change可知此处表示的是进化，不可数名词evolution“进化，演变”符合题意。故填Evolution。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：埃米尔发明了一种用唱片代替电子管的唱机，于是现代唱机诞生了。根据so the modern record player was born可知此处表示的是替代品，可数名词alternatives“替代品，可供选择的事物”符合题意。故填alternatives。‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：无论在什么情况下，当电话响起时，一切都会停止，这样电话才能被接听。根据No matter what可知此处表示的是情况，可数名词circumstances“情况”符合题意。故填circumstances。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：该课程包括四个主要部分：商业法、金融、计算机和管理技能。根据 four可知此处表示的是部分，可数名词components“部分，零件”符合题意。故填components。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：那座美丽的岛屿只有乘船才能到达。根据系动词is可知此处用形容词作表语，形容词accessible“接近的，可靠近的”符合题意。故填accessible。‎ ‎【76题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：重力是一种自然现象。根据形容词natural可知此处要用名词，不可数名词phenomenon“现象”符合题意。故填phenomenon。‎ ‎【77题详解】‎ 考查动词的过去分词。句意：针是用来让液体从肿胀的身体部位流出来的。根据had可知此处要用动词的过去分词形式，swollen“肿胀”符合题意。故填swollen。‎ ‎【78题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：阿司匹林有降低心脏病发作风险的可能性。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词，不可数名词potential“可能性，潜力”符合题意。故填potential。‎ ‎【79题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：这种药已证明对人类有益，因为它挽救了数百万人的生命。根据has proved可知此处要用形容词作表语，形容词beneficial“有益的”符合题意。故填beneficial。‎ ‎【80题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：肾脏在清除血液中的废物方面起着至关重要的作用。根据名词role可知此处要用形容词修饰，形容词vital“极其重要的”符合题意，play a vital role in起重要作用。故填vital。‎