2020届江苏省高三英语二轮复习：完形填空设空技巧（共49张PPT）课件 49页

高三英语二轮复习 完形填空设空技巧 完型填空是高考卷中综合性很强的考题，也是试卷中区分度较高的题目。很多同学对做完型有些恐惧感。了解 完型填空 的设 空方式会有利于同学们掌握命题思路，从源头上克服对完形填空的神秘感和恐惧感，进而发挥主观能动性，从容淡定地完成测试 。 一、前置性设空 二、后置性设空 三、语 篇 性设空 前置性设空指设空的答案由已读过的上文决定，后置性设空指设空的答案由未读过的下文决定，需要综合上下文而定的答案则为语篇性设空。一般来说，设空的难度，从前置性到后置性，再到语篇性，依次递增。 [ 典例赏析 ] [ 语篇导读 ] (2019 年江苏 卷 ) 夹叙夹议类文章。语篇主要内容是：在现代，野生动物的生存受到了威胁，珍稀物种逐渐消失，科学家们正在尽最大努力来避免物种灭绝。 Chris 和 Tim 通过努力，帮助一只名叫 Emma 的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。 Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species that are   36   every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. 36 . A. growing B . migrating C . competing D . disappearing 前置性设空 . The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to   37   the species from going out of existence . 37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove 前置性设空 . Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their   38  . Emma, a female crane, has been in their   39   since she arrived in 2004 . 38 . A. abortion  B . recreation  C . reproduction   D . administration 39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story 38. 语篇性设空 39. 后置性设空 Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was   40    by human caretakers . This led to an unexpected   41  , though she had a wonderful time there. 40 . A. found  B . chosen C . raised  D . seized 41 . A. bonus B . consequence  C . victory  D . sacrifice 40. 41 均为后置 性设空 . Emma had   42   taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans . 42.A.never B.always C.unluckily D.cheerfully 后置性设空 She   43   to live with male cranes, and even had a   44   for killing some of them, which made it  45  for her to become a mother. 43. A. liked B . refused C . decided D.hesitated 44. A. gift  B . skill C . concern D . reputation 45. A . illegal B . inspiring C . important D . impossible 43. 前置性设空 44. 后置性设空 45. 前置性设空  46  , the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction （灭绝） of this precious species. 46 . A. Therefore  B . Moreover C . However D . Instead 语篇性设空 , 考查上下文逻辑关系 . With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a   47   of artificial breeding （人工繁殖） and natural reproduction. 47 . A. combination B. collection C . strategy D . system 从下文 this enabled Emma to give birth to… 再结合常识， 后 置性设空 This   48   Emma to give birth to five baby cranes . 48. A. forced  B . forbade C . taught  D.enabled 前置 性设空 The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be   49  , more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the   50  , and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured  D. tolerant 50. A. list B. rise C. agenda D. decline 49. 后置性设空 50. 前置性设空 51  , not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 51. A. In contrast  B. After all   C . By the way  D . On the contrary 根据上下文语篇理解， 该 句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释 。 语篇性设空。 How can we   52   the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals ? 52. A. leave  B . bridge   C . open D . identify 语篇性设空。 针对 上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？ Chris and Tim offered us the   53  : human beings took it for granted that… 53 . A.course   B . excuse C . answer D.reward   给 出前面问题的答案，典型的前置性设空。 …their    54    held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better   55  . 54. A. brains B. behaviors  C. service D. projects 55. A. guide  B. treat C. example D. companion 54. 后置性设空 55. 语篇性设空 完形填空 前置性设空 后置性设空 语篇性设空 2019 年江苏卷 7 8 5 模拟 操练 前置性设空 1. During my second year at the city college ， I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course , called Thinking Chess, for three credits . I   41  the idea of taking the class because, after all ,who doesn‘t want to  42  a few dollars? ( 2018 全国卷 I ） 41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down 42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay 2 . He was an international grandmaster , which   45  I would be learning from one of the game's    46  .I could hardly wait to 47  him . 45 . A. urged   B . demanded C . held  D.meant 46. A. fastest B . easiest   C. best    D.rarest 47.A. interview  B . meet   C.challenge D.beat （ 2019 浙江 卷） As you can 40 (imagine), the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants 41 (threw away) tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers, health regulations or business policies. 42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned. 3 . When visiting Alzheimer’s wards I’m often surprised to hear people who cannot even remember their loved ones sing old songs they learned as children. They 1 every step in specific dances and sway in a 2 (comfortable) way when minutes ago even just walking was a problem for them. 1. A. remember B. trace C. take D. learn 4 . Every week, I knew I was going to get a card from my mom, and it didn’t matter how 1 (short) the note was or what graced the outside of the card but what 2 was that I knew without doubt she was thinking of me. Someone out there in the big, crazy world hadn’t 3 about me. 2. A. changed B. mattered C. lasted D. functioned 3. A. cared B. talked C. forgotten D. worried 5 . Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 1 . 1. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy 归类总结 完形填空中前置性设题通常难度较低，在选择答案时，同学们要特别注意上文 （同一句子中或相邻不远的句子中）出现的关键词句的提示。 模拟 操练 后 置 性设空 1. （ 2019 北京 ） Wilson is there to 24 them. If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. 24. A. assist B. watch C. urge D. warn 2 . We have all become 3 members of society: reporters, lawyers, doctors and teachers. Guess what! Every member of my family is a 4 and this year marks the 73 rd year we have taught. 3. A. contributing B. consuming C. leading D. surrounding 4. A. lawyer B. teacher C. doctor D. reporter 3 . I graduated in 1997. When Hoover, my drama teacher, was 3 in 2004, I didn’t want her to feel like she was ending her life 4 (alone), so I sent her many packages, including Drama Club yearbook photos from each year. 3. A. dying B. retiring C. acting D. working 4. Snowy was nervous, but she gave it a 12 (try) and found that she could do it. As the weeks and months 13 , Snowy progressed to taller obstacles, until 14 , she entered the arena and looked at the tallest obstacles that her mum could jump over easily. 13. A. passed on B. went through C. ended up D. went on 14. A. eventually B. continually C. accidentally D. fortunately 5. Mom and Sister took turns at telling on me for having made 4 , so he would beat me like 5 , leaving my arms a lot of bruises. 4. A. mess B. life C. trouble D. noise 5. A. something B. somebody C. anybody D. anything 归类总结 后 置性 设题是完型填空设空中占比较高的，难度也通常较前置性设题大些。遇到此类设空时，同学们一定要有耐心，无法确定答案时，可先放下该空，继续阅读有关语段，甚至整个语篇，查找相关信息点，然后细读，准确理解句意，选择符合语境的答案。 模拟 操练 语篇 性 设空 .(2018 北京 卷 ） 文章大意：流浪汉 Tom Smith 发现一辆车窗开着的汽车前座上有一个钱包。 Tom 冒雨等了数个小时，在查找不到车主身份的情况下将钱包交到了警察局。钱包的主人 Mr.Anderson 在得知一切后，将 Tom 的善举发布到了 Facebook 上。 Tom 的行为引发了人们的好评和帮助。 1. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another .(2018 北京 卷） 35.A . lesson    B . adventure    C . chance    D. challenge (2019 浙江卷 ） 文章大意：法国人迪邦谢正在骑自行车穿越欧洲，而他一路上只吃被丢弃的食物，以此提高人们对食物浪费现象的认识。 2 . He aims to 55 his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he’ll turn a few more heads in the process. (2019 浙江卷 ) 55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish 本文上文介绍了主人公在 1,900 英里的奇行中只吃被丢弃的食物，以此提高公众对食物浪费问题的注意，再根据下文 he’ll… 可知答案为 D 。 3. I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most __ 36_ _ and tiring games I’ve ever had ． When Ed first phoned and __ 37_ _ （ suggested ） we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an __ 38_ _(easy) victory …. （文章开篇） 36. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular  When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to __54 __(move). In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my __ 55 _ _(respect). （文章结尾） I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most __ 36_ _ and tiring games 典型的语篇性设空。全文第一句第一空的答案需在读完全文最后一段才能确定。一开始作者觉得此次比赛很轻松就能赢，但后来发现他的堂弟进步很大，他预计的得分与实际得分相差甚远时， 才能推断出 这 场比赛的结果是出人意料的 ，答案是 surprising. 4. （ 2018 天津） No one is a born winner. People make themselves into winners by their own 16 …. （文章开篇） Winners are made, not born. （文章结尾句） A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature 解析：根据文章第一句及文章最后一句可以推断，此处表示没有人是天生的赢家，要通过努力才能使自己成为赢家。 e fforts 符合题意 。 （ 2018 天津） Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 34 (encouraged) them. I helped them to see themselves 35 , and they built themselves into winners. 35. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D . differently 解析：根据前句和全文内容的理解，此处应该是帮助他们用不同的方式看待自己。 D 符合语境。 . 【 2016 全国卷 Ⅱ 】 文章大意：作者 以与 Rani 见面的亲身经历总结：功能强大的电话传递的信息却不总是准确的，电话中感知的有时与现实生活中感受的并非一致。 Rani 帮助作者预订机票，祝愿作者旅途愉快，她温暖的笑容，善解人意的点头，随时为你效劳的工作态度等友好表现都是冷冰冰的电波无法传递的。 (2016 全国卷 Ⅱ) Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport ， I figured it all out. Rani’s  59  —her warm smile ， her nods ， her “I’m here for you”  60  — were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires . 59. A. forgiveness   B . eagerness   C . friendliness     D . skillfulness 60 . A. explanation   B . attitude               C . concept              D. behavior 归类总结 语篇性设空的命题特点：答案需综合上下文而定，这种设题方式体现了“突出语篇”的命题思路 。 做题时要根据语义、层次结构和内容的逻辑关系选择符合文章情节的 答案。解题时切不可仅凭常识、固定搭配或熟悉的语言经验去做出判断，否则，就会见木不见林，导致思维方向性错误。 总结 熟悉完型填空的设空方式最大的意义在于让我们知晓考题中的每一个设空的答案都是可以通过上下文的语篇理解去推断得出的。就像做拼图游戏一样，图就在那，我们每个人都有能力将它完成。