【英语】2018届二轮复习：状语从句学案（8页） 9页

‎2018届二轮复习状语从句 ‎ 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个主句。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等9种。‎ ‎1. 时间状语从句 ‎ 时间状语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。常用when，while，as，after，before，since，until，once，as soon as，the minute / moment“一……就……”，hardly … when，no sooner … than“刚……就……”等连接词引导。‎ 连词when，while，as都表示“当……的时候”，但是when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；用as，while时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如While I was reading, he came in.‎ ‎ As he walked along the street, he sang happily.‎ ‎ 但当从句表示“随时间推移”时，只能用连词as，不能用when或while。‎ ‎ 如As time goes on, I like to speak English more and more.‎ 从属连词as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner … than …， hardly / scarcely … when …‎ ‎，once引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，意为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。‎ ‎ 如Once you remember it, you’ll never forget it.‎ ‎ The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.‎ ‎ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：as soon as，the moment引导的从句表示“一……就……”；no sooner … than …，hardly … when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。‎ ‎ 如As soon as I finish the work, I’ll go to see you.‎ ‎ Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.‎ till，until（not …until / till …）“直到……才”‎ 连词 用法 动词 意义 例句 till /‎ until 主句和从句都 用肯定式。‎ 主句的动词为连 续性动词。‎ 一直到……为止 I’ll stay here till / until the rain stops.‎ not…till ‎/ until 主句用否定式，‎ 主句的动词为非 连续性动词。‎ 直到……才 He didn’t go home till /until he finished his 从句用肯定式。‎ ‎ homework.‎ ‎ 温馨提示： till不可以置于句首，而until可以置于句首。如Until you told me I had no idea of it. 如果将“not until …”结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。如Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it.‎ every time，each time，next time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”。如Every / Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.‎ ‎ Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.‎ ‎2. 条件状语从句 ‎ 从句可置于句首或句尾，有时还可放在主语和谓语之间。常用的引导词有if，unless，as long as，so long as，provided，suppose / supposing，on condition（that）等。‎ ‎ 如I may not come see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.‎ ‎ We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 ‎ 真实条件句：假设的情况有可能发生的条件句叫真实条件句，用陈述语气。如He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow. I’ll write to your parents if you’re late again. 非真实条件句：假设的情况完全是一种假设或发生的可能性不大的条件句叫非真实条件句，用虚拟语气。如If it were not raining now, I would not be staying at home.‎ ‎3. 原因状语从句 ‎ 由从属连词because，as，since，for，now that“既然”等引导。‎ ‎ 如Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.‎ ‎ As the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.‎ ‎ Since we live near the sea, we can often go swimming.‎ ‎ It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.‎ ‎ Now that you have known the truth, I needn’t keep it secret.‎ ‎ 温馨提示： because引导的最主要、最直接而且不为人知的原因，语气最强。回答用why提问的句子只能用because引导。其引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. as引导的是较为明显的原因，语气较because弱，常常位于主句之前。如As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him. since引导的是明摆着的、大家都知道的事实，也常位于主句之前。如Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance. ‎ for引导的是一种推测或附加说明，语气最弱，总是位于主语之后，且常用逗号与主句隔开。如We must start early, for we have a long way to go.‎ ‎4. 让步状语从句 ‎ 常有though，although，even if / though，as，however，whatever，no matter，whether … or …等从属连词引导。‎ ‎ 如Though it was very cold, she went out without an overcoat.‎ ‎ I won’t mind even if / though he doesn’t come.‎ ‎ Young as he is, he knows a lot.‎ ‎ However tired you are, you must finish the work in time.‎ ‎ Whatever / No matter what you do, do it well.‎ ‎ Whether it shines or rains, I will go tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：由although（though，as）引导的让步从句，主句不能用but。‎ ‎ 由as引导的让步状语从句，须将作标语的形容词、名词（前不用冠词）、表示程度的副词（如much）或动词原形放在句首，构成部分倒装句式。‎ 如Child as he is, he knows much about his family.‎ ‎ Much as I love her, I won’t marry her.‎ ‎ Try as he might, he failed a second time.‎ ‎5. 目的状语从句 ‎ 常用的引导词有so that，in order that，lest，in case，for fear等。‎ ‎ We should do our utmost in order that we may be able to over fulfill the task.‎ ‎ You’d better leave your phone number so that I can call you before I come next time.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：表示肯定----so that，in order that意为“为了使……发生（目的是……，为的是……）”；表示否定----lest，in case，for fear意为“为了使……不发生（以免，以防）”‎ ‎ 如He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.‎ ‎ I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.‎ ‎6. 结果状语从句 ‎ 常用so that，so … that，such …that等引导。‎ ‎ 如I didn’t to early, so that I didn’t get a good seat.‎ ‎ Guilin is so beautiful a city that thousands of visitors come to visit it each year.‎ ‎ He has made such great progress in English that I can’t help ‎ admiring him.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：such为形容词，其后接名词词组，通常有三种形式： such + a（n）（+ adj.）+ 可数名词单数； such（+ adj.）+ 可数名词复数； such（+ adj.）+ 不可数名词。‎ ‎ 如such a good teacher，such useful books，such fine weather ‎ so为副词，其后接形容词或副词，如so fast，so nice等，但是若名词前有many，much，few，little修饰时，则用so 不用such，如so many students，so little money等。‎ ‎ 如It was so hot a day that we couldn’t sleep.‎ ‎ It was such a hot day that we couldn’t sleep.‎ ‎7. 方式状语从句 ‎ 常用as，just as，as if，as though等引导，放在主句之后。as if和as though引导一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。‎ ‎ 如She did the work as she was told.‎ ‎ Do just as you like.‎ ‎ He spoke as if he had been there himself.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面接不定式、分词、形容词或介词短语。如She stood at the door as if (she was)‎ ‎ waiting for someone.‎ ‎ The boy looked as if (he was) in search of something.‎ ‎8. 比较状语从句 ‎ 常用as … as，than，not so … as …，the more …，the more …等词引导。从句部分常是省略句。如I know you better than he does.‎ ‎ The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.‎ ‎ He is not as / so tall as you (are). I don’t get up as / so early as you (do).‎ ‎ 当as或than引导的从句的主语为人称代词时，可以用主格，也可以用宾格。‎ ‎ 如He is as tall as I / (me). He is taller than I / (me).‎ ‎9. 地点状语从句 ‎ 常用where，wherever，everywhere，nowhere等引导。可置于句首、句中或句尾。‎ ‎ Make marks where you have questions. You can go anywhere you like.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：where引导的状语从句与where引导的定语从句的区别在于前者修饰整个句子，而后者修饰名词。如We shall go where ‎ working conditions are difficult. (状语从句)‎ ‎ We shall go the place where working conditions are difficult. (定语从句)‎ ‎10. 状语从句的省略 ‎ 原则：如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致，就可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略。‎ 若从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常省去从句的主语和系动词be而保留其余部分。‎ ‎ 如While (she was) very young, she began to study English.‎ 若从句主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常省去主语it及系动词be而保留其余部分。‎ ‎ 如Everything went on letter than (it had been) expected.‎ 若从句中部分内容与主句中的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省略。‎ ‎ 如She has no money. If (she has) any, she will give us.‎