【英语】2018届二轮复习代词考点典题讲与练学案（10页word版） 12页

‎2018届二轮复习 代词典题讲与练 从近几年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：(1)不同代词的语义功能和语法功能；(2)不同代词之间的意义区别。 ‎ 一、 代词的基本用法 人称代词 ①作表语习惯用宾格，在电话用语中常用宾格。①—Who is there？ —It's me.‎ ‎②当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时，一般使用宾格。 ‎ ‎②—Does any of you know where Tom lives？—Me. ‎ 物主代词 形容词性物主代词作定语；名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语 ‎ 反身代词 一般用来作主语和宾语的同位语，表示强调；也可用作动词或介词的宾语；有时也可作表语。 I'm not myself today.‎ help oneself (to sth.)，enjoy oneself， make oneself understood， by oneself，for oneself ‎ 指示代词 ①this，these 是近指；that，those是远指 ②this可指代下文要讲的事；that 可指代上文提到过的事③this, that有时还可用作副词表示程度，相当于so ‎ ‎①He got up late. That's why he was late. ②I can't jump that high. ‎ 相互代词 each other用于两者或两者以上；one another 用于三者或三者以上 ‎ How are you getting on with each other？ ‎ 不定代词 all/both；either/neither；none/no one；another/the other；some/any；one/someone；anybody；everything；nothing ‎ ‎ 二、代词辨析 ‎1．some与any ‎(1) some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中，但当any强调“任何一……”时，用于肯定句中。something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。如：‎ ‎—Would you like to give me some if you have any?‎ ‎—Yes, I'd love to. You can come and get them any day you like. ‎ ‎(2) some “某一”，修饰可数名词单数，暗含不知道，不便说明等。如：‎ ‎ There must be some job you can do.‎ ‎2．none, nobody, no one与nothing ‎ none既可指人又可指物，表示特指概念，其后可跟of所引导的一个范围，常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句；no one和nobody只能指人，表示泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句，且不可与of短语搭配，nothing只能指物，表示泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。如：‎ ‎— Who is in the reading room？— No one/ Nobody. ‎ ‎— How much petrol is left？— None. ‎ ‎— What's in your hand？— Nothing. ‎ ‎3． another与other ‎ another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other指两者当中的另一个，也可接名词复数，特指其他某些人或物；other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other＋名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other＋名词复数。‎ 两者 both或 either；三者(或以上) all, any或every ‎ ‎①They were all very tired，but none of them would stop for a break. ‎ ‎②—Do you want tea or coffee？ —Either. I really don't mind. ‎ ‎③—When can I come for the book？—Any day you like next week. ‎ 部分否定Not both ＝ Both … Not； Not all ＝All…not ，Not ‎ every＝every…not ‎ ‎①“Everything is not right” doesn’t equal “Nothing is right”．‎ ‎ ②Not all of them like English. Just some do. ‎ 全部否定Neither＝not … Either； None＝ Not…any/a＝no…‎ ‎—Which of the two films would you like to see？ —I'm interested in neither. ‎ ‎②Not one of them were hurt. ＝None of them were hurt. ‎ ‎ one：单数，ones：复数，泛指前面提及的人或物。one之前有形容词修饰时可以与不定冠词、定冠词、基数词、物主代词或名词所有格连用。 that、those＋后置定语，特指替代同类中的人或物(that一般不指人)。不可数名词只能用that。it代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物。‎ ‎①A bridge built of stones is stronger than_____ built of wood. ‎ ‎②I don't like this green apple. Please give me a red _____/the red one on the table. ‎ ‎③The girls in our class are more active than ______ in your class. ‎ ‎④The population of China is larger than _____of America. ‎ ‎⑤Our rules are quite different from______ of other organizations.‎ ‎⑥I left my pen on the desk. But now ______ is gone.‎ Keys:One;one;those;that; those;it 三、it的几大考点 ‎1． it 用作形式主语的用法 ‎ 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：‎ ‎(1) 用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如：It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。‎ ‎(2) 当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如：‎ ‎ It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。‎ ‎(3) 用于if it were not for…/ if it hadn't been for…(若不是因为)结构中。如：‎ ‎ If it hadn't been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风，他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。‎ ‎2． it 用作形式宾语的用法 ‎ 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。 it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式：‎ ‎(1) 动词＋it＋if / when从句。‎ ‎ 当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：‎ ‎ I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。‎ ‎(2) 动词＋介词＋it＋that从句。‎ ‎ 能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。如：I'll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。‎ ‎3． it 在强调句中的用法。如：‎ It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。‎ Who was it that won the World Cup in ‎ ‎1982?谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ ‎ ‎4． it 在习语中的用法。‎ ‎ 包括it的习语很多，如：make it 成功，到达take it easy 别着急，放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧That's it. (口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。when it comes to sth.说到，涉及 ‎5． 与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。‎ It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句It's ages since we last met.‎ It＋was/will be＋一段时间＋before从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)‎ ‎ It was not long before he left Nanjing.‎ It＋was＋时间点＋when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)‎ ‎ It was eight o'clock when we arrived. 我们到达时是八点。 ‎ 反面解读 ‎1． The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ________ in the newspaper. A．it B．those C．one D．that ‎ 2． To save class time, our teacher has _____ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. A．us B．we C．our D．ours ‎3． The protection of our environment is not __________ to be left to the environment. Everyone should be concerned. ‎ ‎ A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 实战演练 ‎1． —Do you want milk or coffee? ‎ ‎ —_______. I really don't mind. ‎ ‎ A．None B．Neither C．Either D．All ‎2． [2009·陕西卷] Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer ______ of them. ‎ ‎ A．other B．any C．none D．some ‎3． Will you see to ________ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?‎ ‎ A．them B．yourself C．it D．me ‎4． [2010·福建卷] When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson，could you please say __________ for me? A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 5． ‎[2010·重庆卷] He had lost his temper and his health in the war ‎ and never found _______ of them again. ‎ A．neither B．either C．each D．all ‎6． —How do you find your new classmates?‎ ‎ —Most of them are kind, but __________ is so good to me as Bruce. ‎ ‎ A．none B．no one C．every one D．some one ‎7． Make sure you've got the passports and tickets and __________ before you leave. ‎ ‎ A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing ‎8． [2010·山东卷] Helping others is a habit, _____ you can learn even at an early age. ‎ ‎ A．it B．that C．what D．one ‎ 9． Isn't it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury?‎ ‎ A．himself B．him C．itself D．it ‎10．[2010·安徽卷] You are a team star！Working with _____　 is really your cup of tea. ‎ ‎ A．both B．either C．others D．the other ‎11．[2010·陕西卷] The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher ‎ than _____ in any other area of the city. ‎ ‎ A．that B．this C．it D．one ‎12． [2010·四川卷] On my desk is a photo that my father took of _____ when I was a baby. ‎ ‎ A．him B．his C．me D．mine ‎13．—We should save some food for _______ who arrives late. ‎ ‎ —There's no need. __________ is here. ‎ ‎ A．anyone; Everyone B．everyone; AnyoneC．anyone; Anyone D．everyone; Everyone ‎14．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with _______________. ‎ ‎ A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．none ‎15．How can I help _____ if people don't read the instructions?‎ ‎ A．that B．it C．what D．them 答案：‎ ‎1. D　句意为：因特网信息比报纸信息传播更迅速。it指代前面提到的事物，代替可数名词单数；that代替“the ＋ 可数名词单数或不可数名词”，表示特指；此处that等于“the ＋ information”，特指报纸 ‎2. A　根据our teacher可知说话人是学生，us与students是同位语。has是动词，后需要跟宾语，选A。‎ ‎1. C根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”，所以用either。‎ ‎2. B　所填词与not构成全部否定，四个选项中只有any与not构成not…any，等于none，表示全部否定，选B。3.C　所填词构成固定句型see to it that，意为“注意，务必，一定要做到”。选C。4.C　句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。5. B　这里用never…either表示“两者都不”，相当于…and found neither of them again。6.A　根据but一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围的用none，相当于none of my new classmates。no one不必有这种范围。7. C　句意为：在你们离开前，确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。everything所有，一切东西；something某种东西；anything任何东西；nothing没有什么。8. D　句意为：帮助他人是一种习惯，一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在此指a habit。9. C10.C　sb.'s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。11. A　that 被用来替代 the cost of renting a house。在英语中，that被用来替代同一类事物。12. C　句意为：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。13.‎ ‎ A　句意为：“我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的人。”“没有必要。大家都到齐了。”第一个空anyone(任何人)是先行词，后面跟who引导的定语从句；第二个空的everyone指“大家；每个人”，选A。 14. A　not…everything 部分否定，不是所有的都。15. B　句意为：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情况。‎