【英语】2018届语法二轮复习虚拟语气（含解析）教案（9页） 9页

‎2018届语法二轮复习 虚拟语气 ‎ 要点回顾 一、if条件从句中的虚拟语气 ‎①Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.(2012·湖南高考)‎ 对不起，我太忙了。要是有时间，我一定与你一起去郊游。‎ ‎②We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn’t offered us a ride home.(2012·天津高考)‎ 如果昨天哈罗德没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。‎ ‎③Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.(2012·安徽高考)‎ 格雷丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为，如果她住到那里去，她就不能经常看到父母了。‎ if条件句中虚拟语气的用法 if条件 从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现 在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 表示过 去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/‎ might＋have＋过去分词 表示将 来情况 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 动词过去式 were to＋动词原形 二、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气 I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t been caught drunk driving last month.(2014·黄石调研)‎ 事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。‎ If you hadn’t left home without a word, your parents wouldn’t be so worried now.(2014·杭州一检)‎ 要是你说句话离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。‎ 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ 三、省略if的倒装句 ‎①If I were at school again, I would study harder.‎ ‎→Were I at school again, I would study harder.‎ 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。‎ ‎②Had they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.(2012·浙江高考)‎ 要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。‎ ‎③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.‎ ‎→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.‎ 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。‎ 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。‎ 四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎①I’m really very busy, otherwise I would go shopping with you.(2014·湖南长郡中学等十二校二次联考)‎ 我真的很忙，否则我就和你一起去购物了。‎ ‎②I would have come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.(2011·天津高考)‎ 我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。‎ ‎③I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.(2011·陕西高考) ‎ 假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。‎ 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。‎ 五、(should＋) do ...结构的虚拟语气 ‎①Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(2010·福建高考)‎ 老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。‎ ‎②It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.‎ 人们建议会议推迟到下周。‎ ‎③My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ 我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。‎ ‎④We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.‎ 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。‎ ‎1．用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中 常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎2．用于主语从句中 在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ 六、wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ‎①I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.‎ 我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。‎ ‎②I wish that I hadn’t agreed to go to Jim’s party, for I have to do some extra work tonight.(2014·北京东城一模)‎ 我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。‎ ‎③How I wish I could fly to the moon one day.‎ 我多么希望我有一天能飞向月球。‎ 　wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气 ‎1．对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)‎ ‎2．对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 ‎3．对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would/could/might＋动词原形 七、其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎①George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he focused more on its culture.‎ ‎(2010·江苏高考)‎ 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。‎ ‎②It’s high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.‎ ‎(2014·浙江六校联盟第一次联考)‎ 是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。‎ ‎③He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.‎ 他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。‎ ‎④Look at the trouble we’re in. If only we had taken our teacher’s advice!‎ 看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！‎ ‎1．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。‎ ‎2．在“It is (about/high)time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。‎ ‎3．as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。‎ ‎4．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。‎ ‎ 考点搜索 考点一if条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎1．(湖北高考)Had we not used an outofdate train schedule, we wouldn't_have_missed the train.(miss)‎ 要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。‎ ‎2．(湖北高考)If I_hadn't_drunk alcohol last night, I could have driven my car home.(drink)‎ 如果昨晚我没有喝酒的话，我就能开车回家了。‎ 考点二含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎3．(2014·湖北武汉二中模拟)But for your timely encouragement, I would_have_lost_heart after going through so much difficulty.(lose)‎ 要不是你及时鼓励，经历这么多困难之后我早就灰心了。‎ ‎4．(2014·湖北武汉市五月供题)Kobe was hurt; otherwise, he would_have_participated_in the match.(participate)‎ 科比受伤了，不然，他就参加比赛了。‎ 考点三名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎5．(湖北高考)I feel so sick.I wish Mum hadn't_forced_me to eat so much.(force)‎ 我现在感到恶心。妈妈真不该逼我吃这么多。‎ ‎6．(湖北高考)After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that it_(should)_land as scheduled the next day.(land)‎ 神舟飞船在绕地球飞行三天后，接到地面指示，要求它第二天按计划着陆。‎ ‎7．(湖北高考)Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should)_be_‎ discussed at the meeting.(discuss)‎ 约翰逊先生坚持认为值得关注的这个问题要在会上讨论。‎ 考点四其他句型中的虚拟语气 ‎8．(2013·湖北部分重点中学高三五月冲刺)The boy had a big smile on his face as if he_‎ had_just_been_set_free from some sort of prison.(set)‎ 这个男孩笑的非常灿烂，就像刚从某种监禁中释放出来一样。‎ ‎9．(2014·华师一附中5月模拟)H7N9 Virus is fatal to every person, and it is time that effective_measures_(should)_be_taken/effective_measures_were_taken.(take)‎ H7N9病毒对每个人都是致命的，因此是该采取有效措施了。‎ ‎ 综合检测 ‎1．(2014·武昌区调研)If I had_consulted_him,_things would not have got worse.(consult)‎ 我如果向他请教了，情况就不会恶化。‎ ‎2．(2014·黄冈适应性考试)Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time would_have_been_saved.(save)‎ 如果我了解这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间。‎ ‎3．Honey, look at your mistake in spelling this word, or you could_have_obtained full marks in this exam.(obtain)‎ 亲爱的，看看你这个单词的拼写错误，不然你这次考试就能得满分了。‎ ‎4．If it hadn't been for the accident, his daughter would/could_be_alive now.(alive)‎ 要不是那场车祸，他的女儿现在一定还活着。‎ ‎5．“My son, why are you so rude? I would rather I hadn't_given_birth_to you then.” cried the old woman angrily.(give)‎ ‎“儿子，你为什么如此无礼？我真希望没有生你。” 这位老太太生气地哭喊道。‎ ‎6．If Xiaohua had been brought up in Britain as his sister was, he could_speak_English as fluently as she does.(speak)‎ 如果小华像他妹妹一样在英国长大，那他也能像她那样流利地讲英语。‎ ‎7．How we wish that we would/could_rescue those people who have been buried in the ruins for 76 hours! (rescue)‎ 我们多么希望将那些在废墟中掩埋了76小时的人救出来呀！‎ ‎8．She has failed in the end.If only she_had_asked her friends for some advice! (ask)‎ 她最后失败了。要是她征求朋友们的建议就好了！‎ ‎9．The commander gave the order (that)_all_the_soldiers_(should)_stop firing at once.(stop)‎ 指挥官下命令说，所有的士兵要立即停止射击。‎ ‎10．Without their help, the police couldn't_have_succeeded in catching the robber in such a short time last month.(succeed)‎ 上个月，如果没有他们的帮助，警察不可能在这么短的时间内成功抓住那名抢劫犯。‎