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2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《动词时态语态》
易错题:一般过去时
(2020 年全国Ⅰ,语法填空,1.5 分)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where
he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and ____________ down the river.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是时态混淆。
【问诊】一般现在时和一般过去时是近几年语法填空和短文改错题必考的语法项目,而且考
查的均是最基本的用法。
【答案】 pointed
【叮嘱】(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday、 last year、 the other
day 等时间状语连用;也可表示过去习惯性的动作。
(2)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时表示过
去将来的意义。
·He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.
他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
(3)有些句子,虽然没有明确地表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状
态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有 know、 think、 expect、 want 等。
·Edward, you play so well. But I didn't know you played the piano.
爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
变式练习
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them
alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】句意:大猩猩和我吓了彼此一跳,但是我很高兴发现他们活着。大猩猩确实本性并
不好斗,这只巨大的动物并不是真的要伤害我。设空处所填谓语动词与句中已有的谓语动词
frightened 和 was 时态一致,应用一般过去时,故填 mean 的过去式 meant。
牢记:①_mean_sb._no_harm/mean_no_harm_to_sb._“对某人没有恶意”;②不规则动
词 mean(意味,打算)—meant—meant—meaning。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment,
school ________ (come) first.”
【答案】comes
【解析】句意:萨拉说:“我”的爸爸认为“我”现在应该接受这份工作,但是目前学业是最首
当其冲的。根据句中已存在的谓语动词 says 和 thinks 可判断出,该空应用一般现在时。主
语是第三人称单数,故谓语用单数形式,填 comes。学生容易受句中时间状语 now 和 at the
moment 的影响误填现在进行时。
易错题:完成时态
1.(2019 年新课标全国卷Ⅱ,语法填空,1.5 分)I love coming here and seeing my family and
all the friends I 66 (make) over the years.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配记忆不牢。
【问诊】句意:我喜欢去这里,看我的家人和这些年我结交的朋友们。
【答案】have made
【叮嘱】1.现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 lately、 recently、
so far、 by now、 up to/till now、 in the last/past few days/years 等时间状语连用。
·Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
到目前为止,工作进展得很顺利,我们确信一定会按时完工。
(2)表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since
+时间点”或“for+时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗?
——抱歉,我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)现在完成时用于以下句型
①It is/has been+时间段+since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”。
·It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
自我从这个大学毕业已经 10 年了。
②This/It/That is the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that 从
句中要用现在完成时。
·This is the first time that I have visited Beijing.
这是我第一次游览北京。
[提醒] 注意避免思维定式:一看到 for+时间段,就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语
境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完
成时)。
My uncle lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.
我叔叔在美国定居多年,现在他生活在中国。
2.过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与 by、 before 等
介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。
·By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.
到去年年底,我们已彻底完成了该项目。
(2)表示意向的动词,如 hope、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppose 等,用过
去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
·I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
我本打算帮你的,但当时我太忙了。
(3)用过去完成时的固定句型
①This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that
从句中要用过去完成时。
②hardly ... when ...和 no sooner ... than ...两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。
·Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
3.现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间,一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.
数日来孩子们一直在寻找我们能帮助的人。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
·I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer.
今早我给他打了数次电话,但仍未打通。
变式练习
1. Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】句意:自 2011 年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。根据句中的时间状语 Since 2011
可知,此处谓语动词用现在完成时,且主语 the country 是第三人称单数形式,故填 has grown。
牢记:①见到 since+时间点,要知道谓语用现在完成时;②不规则动词 grow(种植,成长,
生长)—grew—grown—growing;其名词形式 growth 也最易拼错。
2.(2018·北京高考)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the
mountains for two days.
【答案】had been trapped
【解析】句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险拯救了两名已在山中被困两天的游客。根据主句
谓语 risked 可知事情发生在过去,而“被困两天”发生在主句谓语动词 risked 之前,表过去的
过去,故用过去完成时;定语从句关系词 who 指代的先行词 two tourists 与 trap 是被动关系,
故用过去完成时的被动语态,填 had been trapped。
牢记:①_be_trapped_in_“被困于……”,_如在句中做定语、状语或补语,应用过去分词形
式;②_以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的动词,其变过去式、过去分词或现在分词
时,应双写辅音字母,再加 ed 或 ing,如 trap—trapped—trapped—
trapping,_plan(计划)—planned—planned—planning。
3.Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more
beautiful.
【答案】have been trying
【解析】句意:自从人类开始从事园艺活动以来,我们一直在努力使环境变得更美。根据时
间状语从句“Since the time humankind started gardening”可知,主句应用现在完成时;结合句
意,应用现在完成进行时,强调动作的持续性,故填 have been trying。
易错题:被动语态
(2020年浙江卷 1月,语法填空,1.5分)People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater
attention should _______________ (place) on longevity.
【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是固定搭配运用不灵活。
【问诊】句意:人们倾向于第一种原因。但是,人们更关注长寿的问题。
【答案】be placed
【叮嘱】1.被动语态的构成(以 do 为例)
时体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般
is/am/
are done
was/were
done
will/shall
be done
would/should
be done
进行
is/am/
are being
done
was/were
being done
— —
完成
have/has
been done
had been
done
will/shall
have been
done
would/should
have been done
2.不能用于被动语态的动词及短语
(1)有些及物动词或及物动词短语:have(有)、hold(抓住)、cost(花费)、lack(缺乏)、belong to(属
于)、own(拥有)、suit(适合)、fit(适合)。
(2)不及物动词或不及物动词短语:happen/take place/occur (to)(发生)、remain(剩下)、break
out(爆发)、last(持续)、come out(出版)、come up(被提出)、lose heart(失去信心)、date back to/date
from(追溯到)、run out(用完)。
·The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains
now.
这座宫殿在 20 世纪曾三次失火,现在,最初的建筑物所剩无几。
3.主动形式表被动意义
(1)连系动词 smell、 taste、 sound、 look、 prove、 turn 等后接形容词做表语时。
(2)表示主语特征或功能的词,如 cut、 catch、 clean、 draw、 read、 sell、 write、 wash
等与 well、 badly、 easily、 smoothly 等副词连用时。
(3)少数其他动词,如 open、 close、 lock、 move、 keep 常与 won't、 wouldn't 连用时。
The door won't close, I think.
我认为这个门关不上。
(4)表示“开始”“结束”的词,如 start、 begin、 finish、 end 等。
变式练习
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel earning a
million dollars in the new year.
【答案】 has been told/was told
【解析】句意:萨拉被告知她可以成为英国新的超模,在新的一年就可以收入一百万美元。
Sarah 与 tell 之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。此处可以用一般过去时表过去发生的动作,
也可用现在完成时,表过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
【错解分析】 学生在考虑动词的时态时,常忽略语态,如此题容易误填 told。因此考虑动
词的时候要从句意出发,考虑动作的主语和动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
2. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda
Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ________ (allow) to get up close to these
cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】分析句子结构可知,该处应填谓语动词。主语 I 与动词 allow 之间是被动关系,根
据前一分句中的谓语动词 was 可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故该处
用一般过去时的被动语态,填 was allowed。be_allowed_to_do_sth._“被允许做某事”。
易错题通关
1. (2019 江苏,29)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith (fall) in love
with the people and culture there.
2. (2019·全国卷 II)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene
___64___(declare) she had no plans (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
3. (2019·全国卷 II·改错)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4. (2019·全国卷 III)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __65__ (recommend)
wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and
other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
5. (2019 江苏,22)The musician along with his band members (give)ten performances in
the last three months.
6. (2019 天津,2)I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I
couldn’t manage it.
7. (2019·全国卷II)I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my
family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
8. (2018 北京,1)—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here?I haven't seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just (start) on Monday.
9. (2018 北京,4)Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the
neighborhood when I visited her last year.
10. (2018 北京,7)China's high-speed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in
the past few years.
11. (2018 江苏,31)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we
(develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
12. (2017·(全国Ⅰ))Fast food ____ (be) full of fat and salt...
13. (2017·(全国Ⅱ))Later, engineers ____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep
tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
14. (2017·(全国Ⅲ) )But at the moment, school ____ (come) first.
15. (2017·浙江) Pahlsson and her husband ____(search) the kitchen, checking every
corner,but turned up nothing.
16. (2017·北京)People ____ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they’re
living longer as a result.
17. (2017·(全国Ⅰ)改错)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s
orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
18. (2017·(全国Ⅱ)改错)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh
vegetables!
19. (2017·(全国Ⅲ)改错)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year
of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
20. (2017·天津) I____ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the
wrong road.
21. (2017·(全国Ⅲ)改错)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few
years.
22. (2017·(全国Ⅰ))When fat and salt ____ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is
missing something.
23. (2017·(全国Ⅱ))Steam engines ____ (use) to pull the carriages...
24. (2017·(全国Ⅲ))Sarah ____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a
million dollars in the next year.
25. (2017·北京)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and
wireless phones ____ (invent) yet.
26. (2017·江苏)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he____ (follow).
27. (2017·天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____ (regard) as one of
the best all-round forms of exercise.
28. (2017·(全国Ⅲ)改错)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year
of high school and became a new member of the school music club.
29. (2016•(全国Ⅰ))So it was a great honour...I ____ (allow) to get up close to these cute
animals at the 600-acre centre.
30. (2015•新课标全国Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I ____ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before
dawn.
答案:
1. 答案 fell 句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。根据时间状
语 A few months after he had arrived in China,可知谓语动词应该为一般过去时。
2. 答案(1)declared 根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文
had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态,故填 declared。
(2)to retire 此处用 to do sth 做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词 plan,表示“……的计
划”,故填 to retire。
3. 答案 And the other that I wanted to help people in need. 考查一般过去时。本篇文
章使用的全是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时,
所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。
4. 答案 recommended 考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经
历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与
“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填 recommended。
5. 答案 has given 句意:在过去的三个月里,这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十
场演出。along with 连接两个并列结构作主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语(The musician)
is
was
保持一致;
根据时间状语 in the last three months,可知谓语动词应该用现在完成时,故填 has given。
6. 答案 had hoped 句意:我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了,但我没能做到。hope
所表示的动作发生在 couldn’t manage 之前,属于过去的过去,应用过去完成时。
7. 答案 are 根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,
句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填 have made。
8. started 句意:——嗨,我是 Peter,你是新来的吗?我在附近没见过你。——你好,Peter,我是
Bob,我是周一刚来的。本题考查动词的时态。根据 Peter 所说的话可知现在 Bob 已经在
这里了, Bob 针对 Peter 的提问解释他是周一来的,所以设空处用一般过去时。
9. was working 句意:我去年去看望 Susan 的时候,她已经辞去了高薪工作,正在社区做志
愿者。本题考查动词的时态。从题干 when 引导的时间状语从句可知整句话描述的都是
过去发生的事情,看望 Susan 的时候她正从事志愿者服务工作,应用过去进行时表示。
10. have grown 句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高铁已经从 9,000 千米发展到了 25,000 千
米。本题考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语 in the past few years 可知,句中谓语动
词的时态用现在完成时。
11. will have developed 句意:在 2025 年我们有望不再互相发电子邮件了,因为到那时我们
就已经开发出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据时间状语 by then(相当于 by 2025)可知,设
空处需用将来完成时。
12. is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构
可知,该句缺少谓语动词,又因主语为 Fast food,故填 is。
13. managed 考查动词时态。因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过
去的事情,所以填 managed。
14. comes 考查动词时态。全文均为现在时,且 school 是第三人称单数,故填 comes。
【易错点拨】动词如果使用一般现在时,要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填
come。
15. searched 考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知,此处应用
一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作,故填 searched。
16. have 句意:人们比以前更容易得到医疗保障,因此现在人们的寿命更长。根据句意以
及句中的关键信息 than they used to 可知,此处表示现在与过去的对比,所以空处用一
般现在时。
17. goes→went 考查时态。本文讲述作者 18 岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情,且通篇以
过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时,故把 goes 改为 went。
18. came →comes 考查动词时态。因为主句部分为一般将来时态,所以此处的时间状语从
句应使用一般现在时表将来意义。
19. become→became 考查动词时态。"我"进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成
员这一系列动作发生在过去,所以谓语动词应用 became。
20. was driving 句意:我正开车去伦敦,这时突然发现自己走错了路。这里使用了固定句
式 be doing sth. when...,表示"正在做某事时突然……",此时主句用过去进行时,when
后面的句子用一般过去时,因此填 was driving。
21. had→have 考查时态。由时间状语"in the past few years"可知,此处强调的是发生在过
去的动作对现在的影响,故应用现在完成时。
22. are removed 考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时,此处亦应用一般现在时;
又 fat and salt 是动词 remove 的承受者,应用被动语态。所以此处填 are removed。
23. were used 考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍 1863 年的事情,而且 Steam engines 与
use 之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。
24. has been told/was told 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词 tell 与 Sarah 是被动关系,因为
第二段在讲述父亲和 Sarah 的想法时都是用现在时,因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对
现在的影响,故可以填 has been told。此外,"被告知"这件事情发生在过去,故也可填
was told。
25. hadn't been invented 句意:20 世纪 50 年代,在美国大多数家庭家里只有一个电话,那
时无线电话还没有被发明。根据句意以及句中的关键词 In the 1950s 和 yet 可知,空处
用过去完成时;且 wireless phones 是动词 invent 发出的动作的承受者,所以使用过去完
成时的被动语态。
26. was being followed 句意:他匆匆回家,一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据
"hurried"及句意判断本题应该使用过去进行时的被动语态。
【易错点拨】本题易误填 had been followed,错误的原因是没有弄清楚动作的先后顺序。
had been followed 是过去完成时的被动语态,但语境表明,跟踪的动作并非早于主句的动作
发生,因此不能填 had been followed。
27. is regarded 句意:如今,与慢跑和游泳一样,骑自行车被看作一种最好的全能运动形
式。本句谓语与主语之间是被动关系,表示"被看作",应该用被动语态;句子主语部分
是 A along with B 结构,因此谓语应在人称和数上与 A 保持一致,即用单数形式。
28. took→taken 考查语态。photo 与 take 为被动关系,故应用被动语态。take 的过去分词
是 taken。
29. was allowed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,主语 I 与动词 allow 之间存在被动
关系,且前一句的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时,故填 was allowed。
30. arrived 考查动词时态。主句为过去进行时,因此 when 连接的时间状语从句应用一般
过去时,故本空填 arrived。