2020-2021学年高二英语上学期课时同步练习1-2 Learning about Language 12页

Unit 1 Great scientists 1.2 Learning about Language 一、完成句子 1. Will you attend the meeting____________ (hold) on Saturday? 2. Do you know the boy____________ (lie) under the big tree? 3. The wheat is watered by water. ____________ (bring) from a brought pond. 4. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ____________ (challenge). 5. The teachers____________(invite) to the concert arrived on time. 6. Don't worry. It's quite safe skating on the____________ (freeze) lake. 7. There have been several____________ new events (add) to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 8. Cleaning women in big cities usually get____________(pay) by the hour. 9. The computer center, ____________(open) last year, is very popular among the students. 10. The woman____________(seat) there under the tree, ____________ (dress) in a blue shirt, is our headmaster. 【答案】 1.to be held 2.lying 3.brought 4.looking, challenged 5.invited 6.frozen 7.added 8.paid 9 opened 10.seated, dressed 二、选词填空 handle, serve, enthusiastic, scientific, analyse, complete, blame, valuable, spin, conclude 1. She is a ________________ woman who never smiles. 2. They didn't draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of ________________experiments. 3. It came as a ________________ surprise to me. I never thought of that. 4. This kind of gold watch is really ________________. It costs a lot of money to buy one. 5. He ________________his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home. 6. Suddenly the plane was ________________out of control. 7. Who is to ________________for this road accident? 8. It took us a long time to ________________what went wrong. And eventually we knew the problem. 9. She was even less ________________ about going to Japan. 10. She turned the ________________and opened the door. 【答案】 1. severe 2. scientific 3 complete 4 valuable 5 concluded 6. spinning 7. blame 8 analyze 9 enthusiastic 10 handle 三、根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。 1.看起来一些自然灾害应归咎于全球变暖。(seem; be to blame for ) ______________________________________________________________ 2.中国著名运动员刘翔的伤痛的确严重，以至他可能会出国治疗...so severe that..) ______________________________________________________________ 3.专家提出的计划得到了政府的认可。(put forward;) ______________________________________________________________ 4. 只有集中精力在学习上，你才能获得进步。(only if..;. be absorbed in) ______________________________________________________________ 5. 每次试着去办公室找他，我总是被告知他在开会。(every time) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. It seems that global warming could be to blame for the natural disasters 2. The injury to China's famous athlete Liu Xiang is so severe that he may go abroad for medical treatment. 3. The project put forward by experts has been accepted by the government. 4. Only if you are absorbed in your study can you make progress. 5. Every time I try to visit him in his office, I am told that he is having a meeting. 四、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Best Ways to Quit Smoking Not sure how to quit smoking cigarettes? Try the following ways to stop smoking and start your path towards a healthier, smoke-free life. Post this list in a visible location in your house. Whenever you’re tempted to light up, take a look at all the ways smoking can damage your health: ● Increases risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure. ● Reduces levels of folate, low levels of which can increase the risk of heart disease, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. ● Affects mental capacity and memory. ● Contributes to thin bones. ● Affects ability to smell and taste. ● Increases risk of depression in adolescents. To minimize cravings (欲望), change your routine. Sit in a different chair at breakfast or take a different route to work. If you usually have a drink and cigarette after work, change that to a walk. If you’re used to a smoke with your morning coffee, switch to tea, or stop at Starbucks for a cup of java—the chain is smoke-free. You might even work better in coffee shops！ Tell your friends, coworkers, boss, partner, and kids how you feel. Don’t bottle up your emotions. If something makes you angry, express it instead of hiding it with cigarette smoke. If you’re bored, admit to yourself that you’re bored and find something energetic to do instead of lighting up. Make an appointment with an acupuncturist (针灸师). There’s some evidence that auricular acupuncture (i. e., needles in the ears) controls cigarette cravings quite successfully. You can even do it yourself by taping “seeds” (small beads) onto the acupuncture points and squeezing them whenever cravings arise. Acupuncture can treat these other conditions, too. 1. What is the function of the first suggestion? A. To encourage you to desert smoking. B. To show you how to quit smoking. C. To prevent all kinds of diseases. D. To warn you of risks of smoking. 2. What are you suggested to do when you have a bad mood? A. Go to a coffee shop. B. Change your life style. C. Smoke to relieve stress. D. Share it with people around. 3. What is special about the fourth suggestion? A. It turns to treatment. B. It tells human relations. C. It is about eating habits. D. It is the best way to quit smoking. 【答案】 DDA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文，文章谈论了戒烟的四种方法：把清单贴在你房子里一个显眼的地方；减少欲望， 改变你的习惯；告诉你的朋友、同事、老板、伴侣和孩子你的感受；预约一位针灸师。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Post this list in a visible location in your house.部分中 Whenever you’re tempted to light up, take a look at all the ways smoking can damage your health:可知，本条建议你把吸烟的危害列出来，贴 在室内显著的位置。可知第一个建议的作用是为了提醒你看看吸烟对健康的危害。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三条建议的第二句 If something makes you angry, express it instead of hiding it with cigarette smoke.（如果某件事让你生气了，表达出来，而不是用香烟烟雾来掩盖。）可知，作者建议， 如果你心情不好，应该向周围的人倾诉。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一条建议的内容 There’s some evidence that auricular acupuncture (i. e., needles in the ears) controls cigarette cravings quite successfully. You can even do it yourself by taping “seeds” (small beads) onto the acupuncture points and squeezing them whenever cravings arise. Acupuncture can treat these other conditions, too.（有一些证据表明，耳穴针(即耳穴针)。(例如，耳朵上的针)可以成功地控制对香烟 的渴望。你甚至可以自己做，把“种子”(小珠子)贴在穴位上，每当想吃的时候就挤压它们。针灸也可 以治疗这些疾病。）可知，本条建议你预约一位针灸师，通过针灸耳朵来戒烟。也就是求助于治疗来戒 烟。故选 A。 B When Kim Chil-doo was young, he says, he wanted to be a model. But he gave up that idea to make money. Now, at age 65, he appears in television advertisements and fashion magazines. With his gray beard and long hair, he is South Korea’s first senior model. Kim is one of many older people in South Korea the country has the world’s fastest growing ageing population. Almost half of the country’s older people live in poverty. Some take low-paying jobs to support themselves after retiring. But Kim and some other seniors have shown how older South Koreans can find unusual job opportunities later in life. You Sung-lae is 59. When she was a child, she wanted to be an actress. But instead, she says, she got married and had children. Now she is training to appear on a catwalk to show clothes. She was wearing a bright blue jacket, orange high heeled shoes and designer sunglasses. You is also helping the fashion business by attracting older buyers. Older buyers have become big players. While many older people do not have much money, others have bought their homes and built savings. Now, those seniors are ready to spend some of their money on themselves. Some businesses are also trying to use older people’s skills and experiences. For example, Cho Young-min started a company using Skype to connect older instructors in Korea with students around the world. The students are interested in learning Korean, and the instructors are interested in sharing their knowledge. Another man, Ji Byung-soo found success by performing a dance song on a televised singing contest. He is 77. Now he earns enough money to donate to a local support center. Last month, he danced nonstop at a youth festival in Seoul while young people called his name. “Life begins in your 70s,” Ji said. “Let’s be happy and have fun.” 4. What do Kim and You Sung-lae have in common? A. They had to make money as a young person. B. They are living in poverty like other old people. C. They realized their childhood dreams in old age. D. They take low-paying jobs to support themselves. 5. What made You Sung-lae go against her will? A. Poverty. B. Laziness. C. Mistake. D. Marriage. 6. Why does Cho Young-min’s company employ older instructors? A. To show respect to the old. B. To attract students overseas. C. To help the fashion business. D. To guide the old to spend their savings. 7. Which of the four persons does charity? A. Ji Byung-soo. B. You Sung-lae. C. Kim Chil-doo. D. Cho Young-min. 【答案】 CDBA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍的是韩国老年人重新找工作的话题。韩国近一半的老年人生活贫困。 有些人退休后从事低薪工作来养活自己。但另一些老年人找到不寻常的工作机会。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段 When Kim Chil-doo was young, he says, he wanted to be a model. But he gave up that idea to make money. Now, at age 65, he appears in television advertisements and fashion magazines. With his gray beard and long hair, he is South Korea’s first senior model.（Kim Chil-doo 说，他年轻时想当模特。 但他为了赚钱放弃了这个想法。现在，65 岁的他出现在电视广告和时尚杂志上。留着白胡子和长发的 他是韩国第一位高级模特。）和第三段的内容 You Sung-lae is 59. When she was a child, she wanted to be an actress. But instead, she says, she got married and had children. Now she is training to appear on a catwalk to show clothes. She was wearing a bright blue jacket, orange high heeled shoes and designer sunglasses.（You Sung-lae59 岁。当她还是个孩子的时候，她就想当演员。但她说，相反，她结了婚，有了孩子。现在， 她正在训练自己登上 t 台展示服装。她穿着一件亮蓝色的夹克，橙色的高跟鞋，戴着名牌太阳镜。）可 知，Kim 和 You Sung-lae 的共同点是：二人年轻时都没有实现自己的梦想。而他们在晚年却实现了原 来的梦想。故选 C。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句 she got married and had children 可知，此人因为结婚生子而没有实现 自己的理想。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句 Cho Young-min started a company using Skype to connect older instructors in Korea with students around the world（例如， Cho Young-min 创办了一家公司，通过 Skype 将韩国的老教师与世界各地的学生联系起来。）可知，该公司雇佣老教师是为了吸引世界各地的学生。 故选 B。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句 Now he earns enough money to donate to a local support center 可知， 现在他赚的钱足够捐给当地的一个支援中心。这说明 Ji Byung-soo 在做慈善事业。故选 A。 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It is natural that young people are not often comfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their ___1___ don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too strict ___2___ their children; and that they ___3___ give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ___4___ and they tend to forget how they themselves ___5___ when young. For example, young people like to act at once without much ___6___. It is one of their ways to show that they have ___7___ up and they can face any difficult situation. Instead, ___8___ people worry more easily. Most of them ___9___ things ahead, at least in their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something ___10___. When you want your parents to let you do ___11___, you will have better success if you ask ___12___ you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in ___13___ and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel ___14___ from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their ___15___. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainments or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young extremely ___16___. Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to ___17___ “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be ___18___ and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, that you were completely under your parents control. If you plan to control your life, you’d better persuade your parents and try to get them to ___19___ you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the ___20___ to do what you want to do. 1. A. teachers B. parents C. friends D. classmates 2. A. in B. for C. with D. to 3. A. often B. always C. seldom D. usually 4. A. trust B. hate C. support D. envy 5. A. loved B. studied C. learned D. felt 6. A. thinking B. worrying C. promising D. choosing 7. A. stood B. got C. grown D. brought 8. A. young B. older C. younger D. many 9. A. agree B. plan C. think D. sense 10. A. surprised B. expected C. amazed D. unexpected 11. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything 12. A. after B. while C. before D. until 13. A. service B. entertainments C. behaviors D. sports 14. A. separated B. connected C. controlled D. contacted 15. A. friends B. own C. minds D. sense 16. A. happy B. unhappy C. quiet D. active 17. A. express B. speak C. state D. say 18. A. left alone B. looked after C. watched over D. cared for 19. A. forgive B. believe C. understand D. trouble 20. A. advice B. explanation C. instruction D. right 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. D 【分析】本文是一篇教育文化类阅读。文章讲述的是年轻人不喜欢和他们的父母在一起，认为父母们不理 解他们，作者对此现象进行了分析，并对年轻人提出了一些中肯的建议。告诉他们如何使两代人和睦相处。 【1 题详解】 考查名词辨析。teacher 老师；parent 父母；friend 朋友；classmate 同学。根据上一句 It is natural that young people are not often comfortable when they are with their parents.可知这里讲的是父母与孩子之间的关系，这里孩子认 为他们的家长（parent）不理解他们，故选 B。 【2 题详解】 考查固定词组。be strict with 对﹍严厉，为固定词组。句意：他们对自己的孩子很严厉（strict）。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 考查副词辨析。often 经常；always 经常；seldom 很少；usually 通常。根据上一句父母对孩子严厉可知父母 很少（seldom）给孩子自由。故选 C。 【4 题详解】 考查名词辨析。trust 信任；hate 讨厌；support 支持；envy 嫉妒。父母发现赢得孩子的信任（trust）很困难， 故选 A。 【5 题详解】 考查动词辨析。love 喜欢；study 学习；learn 学习；feel 感觉。他们往往会忘记自己年轻时的感受（feel）， 故选 D。 【6 题详解】 考查动词辨析。think 考虑；worry 担忧；promise 承诺；choose 选择。由 act at once 可知是没有多加思考（think） 就行动，故选 A。 【7 题详解】 考查动词词组辨析。stand up 站起来；get up 起床；grow up 长大；bring up 提出。句意：这是他们展示他们 已经长大（grow up）并且能够面对任何困难的方式之一。故选 C。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。young 年轻的；older 年长的；younger 更年轻的；many 许多的。上面列举的是年轻人不 加思考就行动。instead 表示转折，开始描写年长的（older）人，他们做事之前喜欢做计划。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 考查动词辨析。agree 同意；plan 计划；think 思考；sense 感觉到。此空对应下半句 and do not like their plans to be upset 中的 plan，指的是年长者喜欢提前计划（plan）事情，故选 B。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。surprised 感到惊讶的；expected 预期的；amazed 吃惊的；unexpected 想不到的。此处指的 是年长者不喜欢他们的计划被想不到的（unexpected）事情打乱。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 考查代词辨析。everything 每件事情；nothing 无物；something 一些事情；anything 任何事情。句意：当你 想让父母让你做一些事情的时候，在做之前问一下你的父母会更容易成功。根据句意可知此处是做一些事 情（something），故选 C。 【12 题详解】 考查连词辨析。after﹍之后；while，当﹍的时候；before﹍之前；until 直到﹍。句意：当你想让父母让你做 一些事情的时候，在做之前问一下你的父母会更容易成功。由句意可知是在做事之前（before）问，故选 C。 【13 题详解】 考查名词辨析。service 服务；entertainment 娱乐；behavior 行为；sport 运动。此空对应本段最后一句话 And if their parents do not like their music or entertainments or clothes or their ways of speech 中的 entertainment。句 意：年轻人经常在衣服、娱乐（entertainment）和音乐方面的选择让他们的父母生气。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 考查动词辨析。separate 分离，分开；connect 连接；control 控制；contact 联系。年轻人做这些仅仅是为了 从年长者的世界分离（separate）出来，故选 A。 【15 题详解】 考查名词辨析。friend 朋友；own 自己；mind 智力；sense 感觉。句意：这就是为什么年轻人要创造他们自 己（own）的新文化。根据句意可知选 B。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。happy 高兴的；unhappy 不高兴的；quiet 安静的；active 积极的。句意：如果他们的父母 不喜欢他们的音乐、娱乐、衣服或者他们说话的方式，这就会让年轻人非常的不高兴(unhappy），故选 B。 【17 题详解】 考查动词辨析。express 表达；speak 说；state 强调；say 说。句意：有时你为自己感到骄傲，你不希望你的 父母来说（say）你能不能做什么。speak 的宾语一般是某种语言，say 的宾语一般是说话的内容，故选 D。 【18 题详解】 考查词组辨析。leave alone 不打扰；look after 照顾；watch over 看守；care for 关心。句意：你想做的事就是 不被打扰（leave alone），做自己喜欢的事情。故选 A。 【19 题详解】 考查动词辨析。forgive 原谅；believe 相信；understand 理解；trouble 麻烦。如果你想要控制你的生活，你 最好说服你的父母，试着让他们理解（understand）你。故选 C。 【20 题详解】 考查名词辨析。advice 建议；explanation 解释；instruction 指导；right 权利。如果你的父母看到你有很强的 责任感，他们会给你权利（right）去做你想做的事。故选 D。 六、短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Last Sunday, while eat in a restaurant, I noticed a bowl full of dumplings on the table next to mine. They must have left by someone. Just then, an old man came in. Judging from her clothes, I believed he were poor. He saw the dumplings left on the table. Being shyly, he sat down and started eating. The others around look at him, puzzled, but some even laughed at him. Therefore, after finishing the dumplings, he went up to the donation box on the counter, put one hundred yuan in it and left, leaving us all shocked and ashamed about. We shouldn’t judge a person just from his or her appearance. A person which has a loving heart is the richest in the world. 【答案】 Last Sunday, while eat in a restaurant, I noticed a bowl full of dumplings on the table next to mine. eating They must have∧ left by someone. Just then, an old man came in. Judging from her clothes, I been his believed he were poor. He saw the dumplings left on the table. Being shyly, he sat down and started was shy eating. The others around look at him, puzzled, but some even laughed at him. Therefore, after looked and However finishing the dumplings, he went up to the donation box on the counter, put one hundred yuan in it and left, leaving us all shocked and ashamed about. 去掉 about. We shouldn’t judge a person just from his or her appearance. A person which has a loving heart is that/who the richest in the world. 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了上星期天。作者在一家餐馆吃饭时，作者注意到作者旁边的桌子上有一 碗饺子，这时一个老人进来了。从他的衣服来看，作者相信他很穷。这个老人吃了这盘饺子，周围的人都 嘲笑他。老人吃完饺子，他走到柜台上的捐款箱前，把一百元放进去，就走了，让我们都感到震惊和羞愧。 所以作者觉得不要以貌取人。一个有爱心的人是世界上最富有的人。 【详解】 第一处：考查省句。分析句子可知，本句为省句，还原后为“ while I was eating”,因为主句与从句的主语 相同，且从句谓语动词为 be 动词，这时 be 动词和主语都可以被省。故将 eat 改成 eating。 第二处：考查 must have been done。分析句子可知，主语 They，与谓语 left 为被动，所以本句为 must have been done 故将 have 后面加上 been。 第三处：考查代词。由“he”可知，这里指从老人的衣服判断，所以代词为 his。故将 her 改成 his。 第四处：考查主谓一致。分析句子可知，主语为 he，系动词为 was。故将 were 改成 was。 第五处：考查形容词。分析句子可知，be 后接形容词做表语。故将 shyly 改成 shy。 第六处：考查一般过去时。由“but some even laughed at him”可知，but 连接连个并列句，且句子为一般过 去时。将 look 改成 looked。 第七处：考查连词。分析句子可知，前后句子语意为并列关系，所以用 and 来连接。故将 but 改成 and。 第八处：考查形容词。本句为 leave“使处于某种状态”的用法，其用法为 leave+名词/代词+形容词。形容 词作宾语补足语。故去掉 about。 第九处：考查副词。分析句子可知，前后句意表示转折关系，且有标点符号。所以应用 however。故将 Therefore 改成 However。 第十处：考查关系代词。分析句子可知， A person 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词 为 that/who。故将 which 改成 that/who。