2021届河北省唐山市高三上学期第一次摸底考试英语试题（教师版含解析） 23页

唐山市 2020－2021 学年度高三年级摸底考试 英语 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动， 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试 卷上无效。 第 I 卷(共 95 分) 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When is Mr. Mason free? A. This Wednesday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Could I meet Mr. Mason on Wednesday? W: I’m afraid he’s fully tied up this week. He will be on business until Friday. Could you manage next Monday? He’ll be available then. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How does the man feel? A. Anxious. B. Thankful. C. Proud. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: I really appreciate what you did to get the stage ready at such short notice. W: It’s our duty. And it’s our honor to have such a famous pianist perform here. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a store. B. In the post office. C. In a company. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: This is a very expensive watch, but I’ve had trouble with it ever since I bought it. I insist on seeing the manager. W: Actually, there is no need for that, sir. You can exchange it for a new one during the return period. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the man going to do on Saturday? A. Visit his cousin. B. Attend the party. C. Prepare for a visit. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hello, I’m having a party on Saturday. Will you come? M: On Saturday? I’d love to, but I’m visiting my cousin in New York next Monday. And I have to spend the weekend buying him some gifts. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student. C. Waiter and customer. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: It’s good for pain relief. W: Shall I take it on an empty stomach or with food? M: Thirty minutes after meals. Come here again three days later. 第二节(共 15 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What are the two speakers talking about? A. Car faults. B. Job choice. C. Driving skill. 7. What's the man? A. A repairman. B. An assistant. C. A salesman. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m having a problem with my car. Every time I start it up, the engine runs for a minute or so, and then dies. M: Hmmm. Let’s take a look. A weak battery?Uh, a possible fuel line? W: So, which one is it? M: Uhh. Difficult to say. Let me try this . . . Uh, alright . . . You need to talk to the repairman. W: The repairman! So, who are you? M: Well, I’m an assistant, and I’ve only been here on the job for two days. W: Oh, I wouldn’t have wasted all this time with you! 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. Which is free of extra charge? A. The Internet. B. A refrigerator. C. Breakfast. 9. What will the man probably do? A. Stay at the hotel. B. Try another hotel. C. Argue over the fee. 【答案】8. C 9. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi. I have a reservation for tonight. I’m Mike Adams. W: Okay. Let me check here. Room 360. Here’s your key. M: Thanks. Do you offer breakfast? W: Yes, it’s included in the room rate. From 7 to 9 o’clock. M: Do you have wireless Internet in the rooms? W: We DO . . . for $7.95 a night. M: And every room has a refrigerator? W: Well, we can have one put in your room for an additional $10 a night. M: Oh, I thought it would be free. W: Sorry, sir. It’s just the way it is at this hotel. M: Oh. I’ve had it. I’ll just try the hotel across the street. W: Okay, but you’d be canceling your reservation here and pay a cancellation fee of 50% of the cost of the room. M: Ahhhh, forget it. I can’t win either way. What’s my room again? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What does the man do in the company? A. He monitors the website. B. He offers technical service. C. He assesses job performance. 11. What does the man think of the pay? A. Unsatisfactory. B. Great. C. Reasonable. 12. What does the woman advise the man to do? A. To take more training. B. To start his own company. C. To leave computer-related work. 【答案】10. B 11. C 12. A 【解析】 【原文】W: I hear you are working for a web hosting company now? M: Yeah. I mainly do the job of helping customers solve computer-related problems with their sites, offering some technical support. W: So, how’s the pay for that kind of job? M: Well, for a starter it is OK. I mean I can get what other businesses pay for similar services. I can earn pay increases depending on my performance. W: Sounds great. Well, have you ever thought about going back to school? M: Wait, wait. What are you suggesting? W: Well, you know, more training might help you find a better job. M: Good idea. I’ll think about that. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Where will Glastonbury Festival take place? A. London Paddington. B. Castle Cary. C. London Victoria. 14. How will the speakers get to the festival? A. By train. B. By bus. C. By coach. 15. When does the direct train leave? A. At 9:00 am. B. At 5:30 am. C. At 5:00 am. 16. What is the woman going to take? A. A raincoat. B. Food. C. An umbrella. 【答案】13. B 14. C 15. A 16. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Hey, David! Did you manage to get tickets for Glastonbury Festival? M: Yeah. So lucky—the tickets sold out in 20 minutes! W: Amazing! It lasts for five days. Shall we book a hotel? M: I’m not sure. The hotels are quite far from the festival site, so I suggest we bring our tents. W: Good idea! How do we get to the festival? M: We can take a direct train from London Paddington to Castle Cary, the host town, which costs ₤70.40. It leaves at 9: 00 am. W: How about taking a coach? It’ll probably take longer, but it’ll be cheaper. M: That’s true. Let me check Yes, it’s only ₤30. OK, let’s meet at London Victoria at 5: 00 am. next Saturday. There is a coach leaving at 5:30 am. W: Okay! Should I bring an umbrella? And how about bringing some food with us? M: I think a raincoat would be better. Umbrellas block other people’s view of the stage. And there’ll be plenty of places to buy food at the festival site. W: Great! Oh, my bus is coming! See you on Saturday! 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. Steps to grow houseplants. B. Ways to choose houseplants. C. Tips for caring for houseplants. 18. Why do people give a plant a "haircut"? A. To prevent insects. B. To refresh the plant. C. To produce more plants. 19. What's the main cause of losing houseplants? A. Lack of fertilizer. B. Too much water. C. Thick dust on leaves. 20. What should people do if the plants' roots are overgrown? A. Water the plant often. B. Cut extra roots. C. Re-pot the plant. 【答案】17. C 18. B 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】Many people enjoy having plants inside their homes. But sometimes houseplants need a little help. A good way to help renew tired houseplants is by giving them a plant “haircut.” This helps with shaping, removing dead matter, and keeping the plants from drooping. This is also a way to start new plants. You can take the cuttings and grow new plants. A houseplant’s diet is important. So is the timing of when you give them nutrients for growth. Fertilize in late winter as days get longer and plants need fertilizer to put on growth during spring. And do not forget to dust. If they are covered with dust, the process of their gaining energy would be slowed. Watering plants too much is a leading cause of losing houseplants. Plants lose oxygen when they are over watered. Check to see if your plants’ roots are overgrown in the bottom of the pot. That means you should re-pot the plant in a new, larger pot. But be sure the pots have holes cut in the bottoms so that extra water can get out. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节(共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A National Essay Competition IX Essay Competition of NEC is for youth to express creativity through essay. College students at 17-24 years old from all fields in Indonesia can submit their papers. Submission ※Files which are sent via E-mail are: 1. Essay manuscript(文稿)with format: Essay_Institution_Name. 2. The registration form. 3. Declaration of originality. 4. A scanned self identity card. 5. A scanned payment with format: Payment_Nec9_Name_Institution. ※All the files are saved in a folder (rar/zip) with format: Name Institution_Title. ※The folder is sent via e-mail with the subject: Nec9_Name_Institution_Title. ※The resume(简历)is attached in the e-mail. Rewards 1. Each participant gets an e-certificate. 2. Best 10 manuscripts will be published in a book. 3. Top 10 finalists will be invited to present their essays at Medan State University. 4. Top six based on the presentation and manuscript will be selected as a winner and five runners-up and deserve to get: winner: Trophy(奖杯)+Certificate of appreciation +Coaching fund+ Merchandise. 5 runners-up: Trophy +Certificate of appreciation +Merchandise. Timeline For further information, contact us 082165504885 or E-mail: essaynecunimedgmaiL.com 21. Which is the correct format for a manuscript? A. Name_Essay_Institution. B. Essay_Institution_Name. C. Nec9_Name_Institution_Essay. D. Payment_Nec9_Name_Institution. 22. When is the deadline for registration? A. March 12, 2021. B. March 14, 2021. C. April 9, 2021. D. April 10, 2021. 23. What extra reward can the winner get? A. Merchandise. B. Certificate of appreciation. C. Coaching fund. D. A trip to Medan State University. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍第九届全国征文比赛的一些稿件提交规则、奖励以及时间安排等信息。 【21 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Submission 部分中“1. Essay manuscript(文稿)with format: Essay_Institution_Name.(论文手 稿格式: Essay_ Institutional _Name)”由此可知，B 选项“Essay_Institution_Name”是手稿的正确格式。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Timeline 部分中“registration”的时间是“January 23, 2021-March 12, 2021(2021 年 1 月 23 日至 2021 年 3 月 12 日)”由此可知，注册的截止日期是 2021 年 3 月 12 日。故选 A。 【23 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 Rewards 部 分 中 “winner: Trophy( 奖 杯 )+Certificate of appreciation +Coaching fund+ Merchandise.”可知获胜者：奖杯+嘉许证书+培训基金+奖品。由此可知，获胜者的额外奖励是培训基金。 故选 C。 B A year after he died at the age of 17, a young man's love of helping others lives on. Through a foundation established by his parents, Benjamin Canlas is still making the world a better place. The Benjamin Canlas Courage to be Kind Foundation gives away mountain bikes to Filipinos who are struggling to make ends meet. Dr. Glennda Canlas and her husband created the foundation to remember their son and his kindness. One time, Benjamin saw a food seller riding a beat-up bicycle with its pedals missing. He used his own savings to replace them. After Benjamin's death, his parents saw a way to connect their private donors with those in need. In the Philippines, many businesses have been closed and many jobs have been lost as a result of the coronavirus crisis. This has left thousands of Filipinos struggling to survive and many have to take odd jobs, which means traveling from one place to another. However, public transportation has been severely restricted. So many people have no choice but to complete those jobs on foot, walking hours in the sun or rain. Benjamin's parents had the idea to give away bikes to deserving individuals nominated by their friends or coworkers. When the giveaway contest was announced, they received more than 50 nominations, all of which were then checked for truthfulness. And on July 11, 27 individuals got bicycles that would help make their lives a little less difficult. Even as the contest ended, nominations continued to come in. The foundation said there are people still in need and much work needs to be done. "We live in a world where it still takes courage to be kind, " said Dr. Glennda Canlas, "The goal of the foundation is to help create a world where kindness does not require courage-it is simply the thing we all do." 24. Why was the Foundation started? A. To offer bikes to those out of work. B. To honor Benjamin Canlas' good deed. C. To promote green travel in the Philippines. D. To help Filipinos working in the countryside. 25. How does the Foundation find out who is in need? A. By conducting a survey. B. By organizing a contest. C. Through others' nominations. D. Through individual interviews. 26. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Filipinos are Suffering a Hard Time B. Parents' Love Makes the World Better C. Benjamin Deserves Filipinos' Respect D. Donated Bikes Keep Kindness Alive 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了 Benjamin Canlas 的父母通过建立基金会，来纪念自己 17 岁去世的儿子和 他的善良。基金会通过其他人提名的方式，来向努力维持生计的菲律宾人赠送山地自行车。 【24 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Through a foundation established by his parents, Benjamin Canlas is still making the world a better place.( 通过他父母建立的基金会，Benjamin Canlas 仍然在让世界变得更美好)”以及第三段 中 “Dr. Glennda Canlas and her husband created the foundation to remember their son and his kindness.”(Glennda Canlas 医生和她的丈夫创建了这个基金会来纪念他们的儿子和他的善良)由此可知，这 个基金会成立是为了纪念 Benjamin Canlas 的善行。故选 B。 【25 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Benjamin's parents had the idea to give away bikes to deserving individuals nominated by their friends or coworkers. When the giveaway contest was announced, they received more than 50 nominations, all of which were then checked for truthfulness. And on July 11, 27 individuals got bicycles that would help make their lives a little less difficult. (本杰明的父母想出了一个主意，把自行车送给朋友或同事提 名的值得捐赠的人。当宣布捐赠行动时，他们收到了 50 多个提名，然后对所有提名的真实性进行了检查。 7 月 11 日，27 个人得到了自行车，这将有助于他们的生活不那么困难)”由此可知，基金会通过其他人的提 名来找出有需要的人。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A year after he died at the age of 17, a young man's love of helping others lives on. Through a foundation established by his parents, Benjamin Canlas is still making the world a better place.”可知 17 岁的他去世一年后，一个年轻人帮助他人的爱继续存在。通过他父母建立的基金会，Benjamin Canlas 仍 然在让世界变得更美好。结合文章主要说明了 Benjamin Canlas 的父母通过建立基金会，来纪念自己 17 岁去 世的儿子和他的善良。基金会通过其他人提名的方式，来向努力维持生计的菲律宾人赠送山地自行车。由 此可知，D 选项“捐赠的自行车让善良永存”最符合文章标题。故选 D。 C The negative health impacts of plastic on both wildlife and humans have been well-documented. However, plastics, which are used for everything from grocery bags to food packaging, are hard to avoid. Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem with a mutant bacterial enzyme(酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic(聚酷塑料)used to produce packaging and plastic bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled. "Mechanical recycling is limited, " explains Carbios CEO Martin. "After 6 or 7 cycles of recycling, the plastic might only be good enough to use for something like the plastic on the backing of a carpet, and eventually, it will have to be thrown away. So it's not a solution for the end of life of plastics, whereas our solution is an unlimited recycling solution." The company's search for the best plastic-eating bacteria began about a decade ago, with 100, 000 promising candidates. The list was soon reduced to one-a leaf compost bug. Once it had been identified, Carbios scientists introduced mutations(突变). The new and improved enzyme was able to downgrade up to 90 percent of a ton of plastic in only l0 hours. To break down the plastic, the waste and the enzyme will be heated for 16 hours at 65℃. The resulting mix is then purified. This allows for the recovery of the chemical building blocks and removes any additives and colors that may be present. "This technique will certainly help reduce plastic pollution, " Martin said, "But we can only win the battle if people do a better job of ensuring plastic waste ends up in a recycling bin". 27. What is special about the Carbios' recycling technique? A. It can reshape any plastic products. B. It can produce more polyester plastic. C. It makes plastic continuously recycled. D. It changes the system of food packaging. 28. What does the underlined word "candidates" in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Plastic-eating bacteria. B. Negative effects on health. C. Chemical building blocks. D. French start-up, companies. 29. Why were mutations introduced? A. To purify the resulting mix. B. To remove additives and color. C. To keep the temperature at 65℃. D. To improve plastic-digesting ability. 30. What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A. To record the development of Carbios. B. To introduce a plastic recycling technique. C. To persuade people to use fewer plastic products. D. To explain how to identify plastic-eating bacteria. 【答案】27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国初创企业 Carbios 想要用一种变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问题， 这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的聚酯塑料——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的材料 可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利用。文章介绍了这项技术开发的过程以及人们对此 的评价。 【27 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem with a mutant bacterial enzyme(酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic(聚酷塑料)used to produce packaging and plastic bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled.”可知现在，法国初创企业 Carbios 想要用一种 变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的聚酯塑料 ——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利用。由此 可知，Carbios 的回收技术的特别之处在于它使塑料不断循环利用。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The company's search for the best plastic-eating bacteria began about a decade ago, with 100, 000 promising”可知该公司大约从 10 年前开始寻找最适合食用塑料的细菌，当时有 10 万个有 希望的候选食塑菌。由此可知，画线词意思为“食塑菌”。故选 A。 【29 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Once it had been identified, Carbios scientists introduced mutations(突变). The new and improved enzyme was able to downgrade up to 90 percent of a ton of plastic in only l0 hours.”可知一旦 它被发现，Carbios 的科学家就引入了突变。这种新的改良酶能够在 10 个小时内将一吨塑料降解 90%。由 此可知，引入突变是为了提高消化塑料的能力。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, French start-up Carbios wants to solve the world's plastic pollution problem with a mutant bacterial enzyme(酶)that digests PET—the most abundant polyester plastic(聚酷塑料)used to produce packaging and plastic bottles-and turns it into its chemical building blocks. The resulting material can be used to create anything and, more importantly, can be endlessly recycled.”可知现在，法国初创企业 Carbios 想要用一种 变异的细菌酶来解决世界塑料污染问题，这种酶可以消化 PET——一种用于生产包装和塑料瓶的聚酯塑料 ——并将其转化为化学原料。产生的材料可以用来创造任何东西，更重要的是，可以无限循环利用。结合 文章还介绍了这项技术开发的过程以及人们对此的评价。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种 塑料回收技术。故选 B。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Children who lack self-control don't lack intelligence. People who are impulsive(冲动)and quick to take risks have wonderful strengths. They are often the ones who become our adventurers, discoverers, or inventors.____31____ Self-control feeds directly into decision-making. A shortage of self-control during childhood might lead to a bit too much fun food at the party, more time gaming than homeworking, or a few too many bursts of anger.____32____During adolescence though, the consequences of poor decisions and a lack of self-control, could be disastrous. ___33___They close down opportunities and set them on a path to a more harmful lifestyle. These include decisions around their health, money and behavior. Adolescence is a time of massive brain change, designed to support their preparation for adulthood.____34____Risk-taking is a healthy, normal part of adolescence, but teens with higher self-control are more able to calculate the risks and tell the difference between a dangerous risk and one that they can learn from and grow through. When adolescence hits, the experiences our children expose themselves to will largely be out of our hands. This is where they start to discover who they are and where they fit into the world.____35____It will play a huge part in driving their decisions, their experiences and the way their brain develops as they move into adulthood. Self-control in childhood, sets up self-control in adolescence, which sets up a brain for life. A. Their level of self-control at this stage is vital. B. They can also cause themselves to be in a lot of trouble. C. Part of this readying involves experimentation and taking risks. D. The brain changes according to the experiences it is exposed to. E. It keeps them safe and guides their developing brains in the right direction. F. Adolescents who lack self-control are more likely to make harmful decisions. G. In the short term, the effect from these decisions might seem fairly unharmful. 【答案】31. B 32. G 33. F 34. C 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了缺乏自制力的孩子的优势以及他们在青春期将会面临的一些问题。 【31 题详解】 根据上文“Children who lack self-control don't lack intelligence. People who are impulsive(冲动)and quick to take risks have wonderful strengths. They are often the ones who become our adventurers, discoverers, or inventors.(缺乏自制力的孩子并不缺乏智力。那些冲动而迅速承担风险的人有很好的优势。他们往往成为我 们的冒险家、发现者或发明家)”由此可知，本句承接上文进一步说明缺乏自制力孩子的情况，上文提到了 他们的优势，可推知本句应当是说明他们的缺点。上文中 Children 可对应到 B 选项中 They。故 B 选项“他 们也会给自己带来很多麻烦”符合语境，故选 B。 【32 题详解】 根据上文“Self-control feeds directly into decision-making. A shortage of self-control during childhood might lead to a bit too much fun food at the party, more time gaming than homeworking, or a few too many bursts of anger.(自我控制直接影响到决策。童年时缺乏自制力可能会导致派对上吃的东西太多，玩游戏的时间比在家 工作的时间多，或者出现太多的愤怒情绪)”以及后文“During adolescence though, the consequences of poor decisions and a lack of self-control, could be disastrous.(然而，在青春期，糟糕的决定和缺乏自我控制的后果可 能是灾难性的)”由此可知，本段主要说明了自控力对决策的影响，上文说明的是童年时期，后文则表示转 折，说明糟糕的决定在青春期可能会有灾难性后果，可推知，本句应当是说明短期内这些决定的影响无害。 故 G 选项“在短期内，这些决定的影响似乎相当无害”符合语境，故选 G。 【33 题详解】 根 据后 文“They close down opportunities and set them on a path to a more harmful lifestyle. These include decisions around their health, money and behavior.(他们拒绝机会，并将他们置于更有害的生活方式的道路上。 这些包括关于他们的健康、金钱和行为的决定)”由此可知，本句为本段主旨句，总结本段内容，结合后文 内容可知本段主要是在说明缺乏自制力的青少年更有可能做出有害的决定。后文中 harmful 可对应到 F 选项 中 harmful。故 F 选项“缺乏自制力的青少年更有可能做出有害的决定”符合语境，故选 F。 【34 题详解】 根 据 上 文 “Adolescence is a time of massive brain change, designed to support their preparation for adulthood.( 青春期是大脑发生巨大变化的时期，旨在帮助他们为成年做准备)”由此可知，本句承接上文， 进一步解释说明这些为成年所做的准备的情况。上文中preparation for可对应到C选项中Part of this readying。 故 C 选项“这种准备的一部分包括实验和冒险”符合语境，故选 C。 【35 题详解】 根据上文“When adolescence hits, the experiences our children expose themselves to will largely be out of our hands. This is where they start to discover who they are and where they fit into the world.(当青春期到来的时候， 我们的孩子所接触到的经历在很大程度上是我们无法掌控的。在青春期，他们开始发现自己是谁，以及自 己适合这个世界的位置)”以及后文“It will play a huge part in driving their decisions, their experiences and the way their brain develops as they move into adulthood. Self-control in childhood, sets up self-control in adolescence, which sets up a brain for life.(在他们进入成年后，它将在驱动他们的决定、他们的经历以及他们大脑的发展 方式方面发挥巨大的作用。童年的自我控制，在青春期形成自我控制，这就形成了人生的大脑)”由此可知， 本句承上启下说明在青春期阶段自我控制能力的行程对于青少年的重要性。上文中 adolescence 可对应到 A 选项中 at this stage，后文中 It 可对应到 A 选项中 Their level of self-control。故 A 选项“他们在这个阶段的 自我控制水平是至关重要的”符合语境，故选 A。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 We walked every evening and followed the route without incidents. Though Peety had the same bright look in his eyes, I could tell he was walking ___36___than usual, struggling to keep up the____37____pace established over our previous walks. He still had too much life in him for me to____38____the idea that he was in his sunset years. We were____39____east, away from the brightly lit street, when a man, large and drunken, stepped out of the____40____. "You got money?" He said. Peety stopped in his tracks,____41____at the man and growled(低吠). "Sorry, man," I said, "nothing on me." "Come on, boy." I pulled hard on the____42____, but he stood there, frozen, growling deeper. "Money!" the man reached out to____43____me, and Peety barked, jumping-six feet in the air-mouth open and____44____the man. I dragged the chain and stopped him____45____his teeth made contact. The man ___46___ and scrambled(爬)on all fours before ___47___ back into the darkness. Peety____48____, and tried to run after him, still____49____. How close we had just come to the____50____of something terrible! Tears in my eyes, I looked at Peety, wondering where he found the____51____to jump so high to protect me! I took a deep breath and felt____52____that we were OK. I got down and petted him. My voice____53____when I said "Let's go home". Peety walked in front of me,____54____me like he had way back when the whole journey first____55____. 36. A. closer B. slower C. further D. faster 37. A. comfortable B. gentle C. regular D. shaky 38. A. reject B. share C. ignore D. entertain 39. A. heading B. driving C. running D. searching 40. A. pub B. darkness C. woods D. garden 41. A. stared B. fired C. swore D. tore 42. A. pole B. rope C. man D. chain 43. A. catch B. interrupt C. touch D. defeat 44. A. calling for B. hunting for C. charging at D. looking at 45. A. after B. before C. since D. once 46. A. fled away B. sped up C. lay down D. fell over 47. A. running B. striking C. holding D. stepping 48. A. sank B. settled C. landed D. raced 49. A. breathing B. panicking C. trembling D. barking 50. A. front B. top C. end D. edge 51. A. skill B. chance C. patience D. strength 52. A. strange B. confident C. grateful D. doubtful 53. A. calmed B. broke C. rose D. disappeared 54. A. guarding B. guiding C. comforting D. watching 55. A. continued B. completed C. changed D. started 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者某天和自己的狗 Peety 散步时，遇到了一个高大的醉汉想要抢劫，Peety 拼命保护作者，吓退了醉汉。最后作者感激他们一切都好，Peety 也像每天散步开始时一样，走在作者的前 面守卫着作者。 【36 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管 Peety 的眼睛依然明亮，但我看得出来，它走得比平常慢了一些，努力保 持着我们以前散步时建立的规律步伐。A. closer 更近的；B. slower 更慢的；C. further 更远的；D. faster 更快 的。根据后文 struggling to keep up 可知 Peety 在努力跟上作者，说明它如今走路吃力，走的比平常慢了。故 选 B。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管 Peety 的眼睛依然明亮，但我看得出来，它走得比平常慢了一些，努力保 持着我们以前散步时建立的规律步伐。A. comfortable 束缚的；B. gentle 温和的；C. regular 有规律的，定期 的；D. shaky 摇晃的。结合后文 established over our previous walks 可知是指 Peety 努力保持着我们以前散步 时建立的规律步伐。故选 C。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的生命力还是太旺盛了，我无法接受他已经是暮年了。A. reject 拒绝；B. share 分享；C. ignore 忽视；D. entertain 娱乐，容纳。根据后文 the idea that he was in his sunset years 可知此处指“接 受”Peety 已经进入暮年的想法，应用 entertain，表示“接受，考虑”。故选 D。 【39 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们离开灯火通明的街道，往东走。这时，一个高大的醉汉从黑暗中走了出来。 A. heading 朝(某方向)行进；B. driving 驾驶；C. running 奔跑；D. searching 搜索。根据后文 east 可知作者他 们朝着东边走，应用 head。故选 A。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们离开灯火通明的街道，往东走。这时，一个高大的醉汉从黑暗中走了出来。 A. pub 酒吧；B. darkness 黑暗；C. woods 森林；D. garden 花园。根据后文 back into the darkness 可知黑暗中 走出了一个醉汉。故选 B。 【41 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peety 停住脚步，瞪着那个人，咆哮起来。A. stared 目不转睛地看，凝视；B. fired 点火；C. swore 发誓；D. tore 撕开。根据后文 at the man and growled 可知 Peety 停住脚步，瞪着那个人，咆 哮起来。stare at“凝视，瞪着”。故选 A。 【42 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“来吧，孩子。”我使劲拉链子，但它站在那里，一动不动，咆哮得更厉害了。 A. pole 杆；B. rope 绳子；C. man 人；D. chain 链条，束缚。根据后文 I dragged the chain 可知作者使劲拉 Peety 的链条，想离开。故选 D。 【43 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“钱!”那人伸出手去抓我，Peety 狂吠着，从六英尺高的空中跳起来，张着嘴向 那人冲去。A. catch 抓住；B. interrupt 干扰；C. touch 触碰；D. defeat 打败。根据上下文"Money!" the man reached out to…me 可知这个醉汉伸手想要抓住作者，抢劫。故选 A。 【44 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：“钱!”那人伸出手去抓我，Peety 狂吠着，从六英尺高的空中跳起来，张着嘴向 那人冲去。A. calling for 要求；B. hunting for 寻找；C. charging at 冲向；D. looking at 看着。结合后文宾语 the man.可知醉汉想要对作者不利，Peety 为了保护作者，向醉汉冲去(charging at)。故选 C。 【45 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在它的牙齿碰到那个人之前，我拖着铁链拦住了它。A. after 在……之后；B. before 在……之前；C. since 自从；D. once 一旦。结合语境可知应当是 Peety 咬到醉汉之前(before)，作者拉住铁 链拦住了它。故选 B。 【46 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个人摔倒了，在跑回黑暗中之前用四肢爬行。A. fled away 逃跑；B. sped up 加速；C. lay down 放下；D. fell over 摔倒。结合后文 scrambled on all fours 醉汉在地上爬，说明醉汉被 Peety 吓得摔倒了。故选 D。 【47 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个人摔倒了，在跑回黑暗中之前用四肢爬行。A. running 奔跑；B. striking 打 击；C. holding 持有；D. stepping 踏。结合上文 Peety 扑向醉汉，把醉汉吓得摔倒了，可见醉汉应该是吓得 跑着离开的。故选 A。 【48 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peety 落在地上，试图追赶他，但仍在吠叫。A. sank 沉陷；B. settled 解决；C. landed 降落；D. raced 比赛。根据上文中 jumping-six feet in the air 可知坏人逃跑了，所以 Peety 也落在了地上。故 选 C。 【49 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peety 落在地上，试图追赶他，但仍在吠叫。A. breathing 呼吸；B. panicking 恐 慌；C. trembling 颤抖；D. barking 犬吠。根据上文中 barked 可知 Peety 是一只狗，它对着醉汉犬吠，狗发出 的是犬吠声。故选 D。 【50 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是多么接近一件可怕事情的边缘啊！A. front 前面；B. top 顶端；C. end 结 束；D. edge 边缘。根据上文可知作者差一点被一个高大的醉汉抢劫，幸亏 Peety 及时吓退了对方，所以他 们是接近一件可怕事情的边缘。the edge of“……的边缘”。故选 D。 【51 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我眼里含着泪水，看着 Peety，想知道它是哪里来的力量，能够跳得这么高来保 护我！A. skill 技能；B. chance 机会；C. patience 耐心；D. strength 力量。结合上文中 Peety barked, jumping-six feet in the air-mouth open 可知已经进入暮年的 Peety 居然跳的很高想要保护作者，所以作者不知道 Peety 哪 里来的力量。故选 D。 【52 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我深吸了一口气，感激我们一切都好。A. strange 奇怪的；B. confident 自信的； C. grateful 感激的；D. doubtful 怀疑的。上文提到作者和 Peety 逃过了醉汉的抢劫，所以作者感激他们一切 都好。故选 C。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我说“我们回家吧”时，我的声音都哑了。A. calmed 使平静；B. broke 打破； C. rose 上升；D. disappeared 消失。结合文章内容可知，经过了刚才醉汉想要抢劫的事情，作者受到了惊吓， 这时重新开口说话，才发现自己的嗓子都哑了，此处 broke 理解为“嗓子哑了”更合适。故选 B。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peety 走在我前面，守护着我，就像它在整个旅程刚开始的时候一样。A. guarding 守卫；B. guiding 指导；C. comforting 安慰；D. watching 看。对应上文中 jump so high to protect me 可知 Peety 走在作者前面，守卫着作者。故选 A。 【55 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Peety 走在我前面，守护着我，就像它在整个旅程刚开始的时候一样。A. continued 继续；B. completed 完成；C. changed 改变；D. started 开始。结合上文 when the whole journey first 可知经过 了醉汉抢劫的事情，作者和 Peety 走回家，Peety 走在作者的前面，就像他们每次散步的旅程开始时一样， 故选 D。 第 II 卷(共 55 分) 非选择题部分 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with____56____(grow) rice. During autumn, these same mountains are gold, and in winter____57____are covered with white frost. These are the____58____(color) of the Longji Rice Terraces(梯田). These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home. Starting in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces____59____(take) hundreds of years until its____60____(complete) in the early Qing Dynasty. Now these terraces cover tall mountains, often____61____the bottom to the very top. So why did these people build terraces? Firstly, there____62____(be) few large, flat areas of land. Building the terraces meant that they could increase the areas to grow rice. Secondly, although the region has plenty of rain, the mountains are steep and the soil is shallow. The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from____63____(wash) away. It's typical of people to work in harmony with nature. The terraces are____64____(clever) designed with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of_____65_____feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. 【答案】56. growing 57. they 58. colors 59. took 60. completion 61. from 62. are 63. being washed 64. cleverly 65. which 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了广西修建梯田的原因及作用。 【56 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：夏天看到群山随着水稻的生长而变得鲜绿。介词短语 with doing sth. 在本句中作伴随状 语，设空处动词接在介词后面，应用动名词，故填 growing。 【57 题详解】 考查代词。句意：在秋天，这些同样的山是金色的，在冬天它们被白霜覆盖。分析句子可知，and 连接两个 并列句，前后两句的主语指的是同一事物，这里应用 they 指代这些同样的山，故填 they。 【58 题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些是龙脊梯田的颜色。分析句子可知，句子的主语是复数，设空处为表语，也应用名 词的复数形式，color 为可数名词，应加 s，故填 colors 【59 题详解】 考查时态。句意：从元朝开始，梯田的修建花了数百年的时间，直到清初才完成。分析句子可知，设空处 为谓语动词，根据时间状语从元朝开始，可知应用一般过去时，故填 took。 【60 题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处接到介词 until 后面，作宾语，并且前有形容词性物主代词 修饰，应用名词，故填 completion。 【61 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：这些梯田覆盖着高山，通常从山底一直覆盖到山顶。短语 from…to…，意为“从...... 到......”，根据句意，故填 from。 【62 题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：首先，这里很少有大面积平坦的土地。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。 分析句子可知，本句为 there be 句型，be 动词后面的名词 areas 为可数名词复数，be 动词应用 are，故填 are。 【63 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：平坦的梯田收集雨水，防止土壤被冲走。分析句子可知，设空处接在介词 from 后作宾 语，应用动名词，并且和前面的名词 soil 之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式，故填 being washed。 【64 题详解】 考查副词。句意：梯田设计巧妙，有数百条水道相互连接。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词 designed，应用 副词形式，故填 cleverly。 【65 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了完美的生存环境，其中一些鸟类和鱼以昆虫为食， 这些昆虫会伤害水稻作物。分析句子可知，some of____10____feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.为非 限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 birds and fish，指物，在从句中作主语，并接在介词 of 后面，介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句，指物，只能用 which，故填 which。 第四部分：写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节：应用文写作(满分 15 分) 66. 假定你是李华。你的英国笔友 Patrick 想了解你居家网课学习所使用的 App 或教学平台(微信：WeChat； 钉钉：DingTalk；腾讯会议：Tencent Meeting；智学网：www.zhixue.com)。 请你给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.App 或平台的名称； 2.App 或平台的功能； 3.App 或平台的使用感受。 注意： 1.词数 80 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Patrick, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version Dear Patrick, I’d like to introduce to you the App for our online classes. DingTalk is our choice during the temporary school closure, which allows us to have our distance learning at home. DingTalk has a wide range of functions. Teachers can switch between teaching and question asking, keeping us focused all the time. We students can track our day-to-day study arrangement, homework submission, exams, attendance report and overall performance. DingTalk makes our online learning flexible and friendly, improves learning outcomes and helps us students fully engage in classes. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，根据要求给你的英国笔友 Patrick 写一封邮件，介绍你居家网课学习所使用的 App 或教学平台。 【详解】第一步：应用文表达，注意格式规范，根据提示，整篇文章应使用一般现在时。 第二步：根据提纲依次写出 App 或平台的名称；App 或平台的功能；App 或平台的使用感受，内容包含全 面，选择适当合理的词组，如 introduce to，online classes，allow sb. to do…，between…and…等等。 第三步：连词成文，结构衔接得体。 【点睛】第一段，开门见山，表达目的，清晰明确，简单明了。 第二段，说明文章主题内容，短语和词运用得体恰当。 第三段，最后谈论 App 或平台的使用感受，结构严谨。 文章内容完整，提纲要点全面，格式规范，语篇连贯，使用复合句，显示考生有很高的英语驾驭能力。 高分句型 DingTalk is our choice during the temporary school closure, which allows us to have our distance learning at home. (DingTalk 是我们在临时学校关闭期间的选择，它允许我们在家进行远程学习。)非限制性定语从句的运用。