2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题4语法填空教师课件6 31页

专题四 语法填空 第一部分　解题技法总论 【考情透析 】 　　根据近三年的高考试题可以看出 , 高考语法填空充分体现了“实词考查为主、虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为提示类填空和自由类填空。 1. 提示类填空 全国卷中 , 提示类填空为 7 个实词。主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、名词的复数形式、形容词和副词的比较级、代词的格及同一词根的不同词性的转化。 2. 自由类填空 全国卷中 , 自由类填空为 3 个虚词。主要考查代词、介词、冠词、连词、时间及地点副词等。 【策略点睛 】 1. 利用体裁特点解题 快速通读整篇文章 , 了解其体裁特征 , 理清其逻辑关系 , 初步摸清文章的主题、大意、时态、语态等 , 给分析句子和填空提供可靠的逻辑推理依据。 2. 利用句法分析解题 语法填空主要是从语法角度入手 , 对句子结构进行分析。简单句要分析其成分是否完整 ; 每种成分由什么样的词性来充当 ; 复合句要弄清从句的作用以及主从句之间的逻辑关系 ; 特殊句式要分析是否符合其固定的格式。 3. 利用习惯搭配解题 英语中有许多固定的词组、短语和句型 , 在通读全文的基础上 , 认真分析句子结构 , 准确辨识句子中的这些固定搭配 , 利用平时的积累 , 基本上凭语感就可以解题。 4. 利用语篇标志解题 语篇是一系列连续的语段或句子所构成的语言整体 , 其 中各成分之间 , 在形式上是衔接的 , 在语义上是连贯 的。起到语篇之间联系作用的词语就是语篇标志。如 : firstly, secondly, next 等表次序和列举 ; again, moreover, what is more 等表递进 ; similarly, equally, as with 等表 相似 ; so, altogether, thus, in short 等表总结等。利用这些语篇标志有助于准确把握句子之间的逻辑关系 , 弄清文章的来龙去脉。 一、题型剖析 , 有的放矢拿高分 二、考场思维 , 实战得高分 　　 (2019 · 全国卷 Ⅰ) 阅读下面短文 , 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 　 61 　 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　 62 　 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20, 000-25, 000 polar bears worldwide.   　　 Modern methods 　 63 　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid- 1980s, and are expensive 　 64 　 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　 65 　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 　 66 　 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 　 67 　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉 ) that populations are 　 68 　 (high) than they actually are. Of 　 69 　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 　 70 　 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.   【考场思维模式 】 三、 逆向思维 , 素养升华 　　根据高考设题特点 , 请试着将下面语篇设计成语 法填空题。 　　 Dogs really are our best friends, according to a Swedish study that says dog ownership could reduce heart disease. A study of 3. 4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog was associated with a 23% reduction in death from heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study. Previous studies have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depression — both linked to an increased risk of heart disease and early death. 　　 Dog owners show better responses to stress (their blood pressure and pulse rates don’t soar), and have higher levels of physical activity and slightly lower cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association was sufficiently influenced by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 saying that owning a dog “was probably” associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Their reluctance to more strongly accepted dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observational — researchers note an association, but can’t prove causation( 因果关系 ). This means that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than, say, goldfish owners — for example, perhaps only people who are fit in the first place buy pets that need daily walking. 【参考答案 】 　　 Dogs really are our best friends, according to a Swedish study 　 1 　 says dog ownership could reduce heart disease. A study of 3. 4 million people between the ages of 40 and 80 found that having a dog 　 2 　 (associate) with a 23% reduction in death from heart disease and a 20% lower risk of dying from any cause over the 12 years of the study. Previous 　 3 　 (study) have suggested dogs relieve social isolation and depression — both linked to 　 4 　 increased risk of heart disease and early death.   　　 Dog owners show better responses to stress (their blood pressure and pulse rates don’t soar), and have higher levels of physical activity and slightly 　 5 　 (low) cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association was sufficiently influenced by a review of dozens of studies to release a statement in 2013 　 6 　 (say) that owning a dog “was 　 7 　 (probable)” associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. Their reluctance to more strongly 　 8 　 (accept) dog ownership is because most studies are what is called observational — researchers note an association, but can’t prove causation( 因果关系 ). This 　 9 　 (mean) that other factors might explain why dog owners are healthier than, say, goldfish owners — for example, perhaps only people who are fit 　 10 　 the first place buy pets that need daily walking.   【文章大意 】 养狗有益于人们的身体健康。 1. 【解析 】 that/which 。考查定语从句。 _________says dog ownership could reduce heart disease 是定语从句 , 修饰先行词 study, 从句中缺少主语 , 应用 that 或者 which 引导。   2. 【解析 】 was associated 。考查时态语态和主谓一致。动名词短语 having a dog 作主语 , 谓语动词应用单数形式 ; 根据主句谓语动词 found 可知 , that 从句应用一般过去时 , be associated with 与 …… 有联系。 3. 【解析 】 studies 。考查名词复数。根据谓语动词 have suggested 可知 , 主语 study 应用复数形式。 4. 【解析 】 an 。考查冠词。修饰 risk 应用不定冠词 , increase 为元音音素开头 , 应用 an 。 5. 【解析 】 lower 。考查形容词比较级。根据前面的 higher 可知 , 此处应用形容词 low 的比较级。 6. 【解析 】 saying 。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知 , 该句中 was influenced 是谓语 , say 为非谓语动词 , say 和 statement 之间是主动关系 , 应用现在分词形式。 7. 【解析 】 probably 。考查词性转换。修饰动词 associated 应用副词。 8. 【解析 】 accepted 。考查非谓语动词。 accept 和 dog ownership 之间是被动关系 , 应用过去分词。 9. 【解析 】 means 。考查主谓一致。句中 this 为第三人称单数形式 , 谓语动词 mean 应用单数。 10. 【解析 】 in 。考查介词。 in the first place 是固定搭配。