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一. 教学内容：
状语从句
二. 本周知识精讲：
专题：状语从句
定义：在复合句中，由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引导，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类：
1. 时间状语从句
2. 地点状语从句
3. 原因状语从句
4. 目的状语从句
5. 结果状语从句
6. 条件状语从句
7. 方式状语从句
8. 比较状语从句
9. 让步状语从句
1. 时间状语从句：
（1）表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when, while, as, as soon as, once等。
when用法小结：
when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是表延续性动作的动词，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。如：
When the film ended, the people went back.
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
Somebody was doing something/was about to do…when…
sth./was on the point of doing sth. when…
还可以译成“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.
I can’t tell you anything when you won’t listen.
while用法小结：
while引导的动作必须是持续性的，“在……期间”。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.
while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
I’d like to study law at university while my cousin prefers geography.
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, while the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
while可表示“尽管”，相当于although。
While I really don’t like it, I find his work impressive.
While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
while可表示“只要”，相当于if。
There will be life while there is water and air.
You’ll want for nothing while I am alive.
as用法小结：
表示“随着……”，连词用as，不用when或while。如：
As the election approached, the violence got worse.
As time went by, computers grew smaller.
“一边……，一边……”从句和主句要表示一个人的两个动作交替进行或同时完成
He looked behind from time to time as he went.
如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as 可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
（2）表示先或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after, before when(=after)等。
After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
He had learned English for three years before he went to London.
before用法小结：
不久之后就……；来不及就……
Before she could think twice, the water was upon her.
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise.
在……之前；才……
We waited half an hour before a bus finally came.
before的it句型：
It will be a long time before we meet again.
It was a long time before we met again.
（3）表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）,each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。
Every time he is in trouble, he will turn to me for help.
Each time we celebrate a festival it changes a little.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
（4）其它时间状语从句的连词：(the) next time，（the）last time, the first time，the moment, the minute等；immediately、instantly兼做时间状语从句连词，意为“一……就”；hardly /scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…；by the time等
The first time I met her, she was a little girl.
I didn’t have a penny the last time I saw you.
The boy ran away the moment he saw the teacher coming.
He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.
=No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
（5）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从），ever since（自从），until（直到……才/为止），till（直到……才/为止）等。如：
It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is…since…是常用句型）
You have been reading to me ever since James went out.
My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been living there ever since.
until与till及 not…until / till的用法
until和till都可表示“直到……为止”，与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：
He waited until / till we finished our meal.
Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.
当until和till表示“直到……才……”时，通常与短暂性动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：
I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.
Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. （不用till）
not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：
Not until she came back did I leave.
在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
2. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的：
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.
3. 原因状语从句
表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now (that)（既然）,for, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：
I do it because I like it.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
4. 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
5. 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that（如此……以致……）, such…that（如此……以致……）等。
He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that…
但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.[来源:学科网ZXXK]
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
6. 条件状语从句
表示条件的状语从句可以由if, unless, in case, so /as long as, as/ so far as, on condition that, suppose, supposing（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
7. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
Leave things as they are.
She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
8. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导：
It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.
Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.
The result was not as/so good as I had expected.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
9. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although, though, however ,whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc), even if, even though等词引导。如：
We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.
连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用倒装语序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot.=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：
It was hard work; I enjoyed it, though.
=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.
注意2个问题：
（1）有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。例如：
Look out for cars when crossing the street(= when you are crossing…).
She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (= as though/if she was /were angry…).
She advised me not to say anything unless asked (= unless I was asked ).
As a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer(= As/ When he was a young man,…).
（2）如果动作或状态的时间是现在或将来，时态原则是“主将从现”
三. 高考聚焦：
1. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
2. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy.
A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though
3. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.
A. before B. if C. while D. as
4. Peter was so excited _______he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.
A. where B. that C. why D. when
5. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as B. if C. though D. unless
6. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
A. if B. when C. which D. since
7. ______ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until
8. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
9. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
10. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that
答案：ACADD BBDBC
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）
一、辨音
（A）
1. scare A. stare B. hire C. admire D. beard
2. motto A. compass B. competitor C. fond D. original
3. helped A. accepted B. practiced C. cloned D. considered
4. grocery A. represent B. agent C. comment D. helmet
5. method A. mouths B. throughout C. breathe D. clothes
（B）
1. wealth A. breathe B. healthy C. though D. weather
2. opposite A. ocean B. pilot C. across D. alone
3. fasten A. taste B. steal C. height D. Christmas
4. waiter A. remain B. mountain C. captain D. curtain
5. extremely A. expect B. exercise C. example D. examination
二、单选
A组
1. We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city , watching burning sun rising.
A. 不填；a B. the; a C. the; the D. 不填；the
2. — If I report it to the police, they’ll want to know where I found it.
— ___________?
—They might want to know what I was doing there.
A. Why not B. Can’t you tell them
C. What can I do for you D. What’s wrong with them
3. —That was a green dinner. _______
—Thanks. But it really only took an hour.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
A. I have never had it before. B. I enjoyed it very much.
C. You must have spent all day cooking. D. You must be tired.
4. She is an easy-going person . It easy to get her to agree .
A. should be fairly B. must be fairly C. may be rather D. would be rather
5. There’s no _____ from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
A. view B. scene C. sight D. look
6. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments , you should your findings in logical order and clear language .
A. write B. raise C. present D. put
7. A sheep on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than on ordinary .
A. fed; one B. feeds; the one C. fed; that D. feeding; it
8. Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things. You have to some of them.
A. remain B. reduce C. remove D. return
9. People try to avoid public delays by using their own cars, and this _____ creates further problems.
A. in turn B. once again C. in case D. after all
10. So absorbed _____ in her work that she didn’t realize I was behind her.
A. did she B. was she C. she did D. she was
11. The secretary has a lot of things to ____ in the office since she has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up C. work out D. carry out
12. _____ human beings live in large numbers, the waters are very likely to be polluted.
A. That B. Where C. Once D. As
13. He has been dismissed and will have to _____ over the charge of his office tomorrow.
A. take B. hand C. get D. go
14. “ How could you lose so much money?” Charlie asked his wife, eyeing her angrily from ____ the kitchen table.
A. at B. across C. through D. on
15. — The former president of Iraq was caught at last.
— Really? Where _____ himself?
A. has he hidden B. had he hidden C. was he hidden D. has he been hidden
B组
1. Managers in excellent companies have a strong _____ for doing things rather than talking about situations.
A. opinion B. feeling C. idea D. preference
2. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even _____ fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rise high in _____ life.
A. a; / B. /; a C. /; / D. a; the
3. The Maori _____ in New Zealand for about 1,000 years, but their present lifestyle and culture differ little from _____ of their ancestors.
A. have lived; that B. had been living; ones
C. have been living; those D. have been living; the one
4. Whatever the situation is, the fact should not ______ the people who are willing to take a risk.
A. be kept up B. be kept in with C. be kept on D. be kept from
5. Workers that have developed unique skills have _____ a lot of success either in jobs or in their own businesses.
A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized
6. —It’s _____ to rain.
—Let’s get the work _____ before the rain comes.
A. likely, done B. possible, to be finished
C. probable, to be done D. likely, to be finished
7. The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. until C. before D. when
8. Regulations require _____ need special diets _____ the cooking manager in advance.
A. who; informs B. whom; informed
C. whomever; inform D. whoever; inform
9. He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and _____ it was past midnight by the time he got home.
A. someway B. anyway C. somehow D. somewhat
10. —Jenny took the 8:00 bus to Guangzhou this morning.
—Really? He _____the 9:00 train. It’s much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.
A. could have taken B. should take C. must have taken D. can take
11. To everyone’s disappointment, progress has slowed in the peace talks ____ international pressure.
A. though B. as C. despite D. instead of
12. The sound of happy laughter ______ memories of his childhood.
A. called for B. called on C. called up D. called at
13. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help
14. So interested _____ in sunbathing that they often go south with their families on weekends.
A. is the English B. the English is C. are the English D. the English are
15. —How about going to a concert this weekend?
—______? It’s a few months since I enjoyed myself in the last one.
A. Why B. Why not C. What for D. What
C组（状语从句专练）
1. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.
A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that
2. —Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.
—OK, ______ you make it short.
A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time
3. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
4. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
5. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
6. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. though B. for C. but D. so
7. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.
A. even if B. which C. where D. so that
8. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However
9. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
A. once B. when C. since D. although
10. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.
A. once B. because C. if D. unless
11. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.
A. when B. until C. that D. where
12. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.
A. whether B. after C. how D. unless
13. —Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
14. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
15. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.
A. since B. if C. unless D. until
16. —Are you ready for Spain？
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.
A. while B. until C. if D. before
17. ________ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although
三、阅读
A
On July 2,1961, the day when Ernest Hemingway took his own life at the age of 61, a great light went out in the world of literature. News of Hemingway’s death darkened the front pages of the most major newspapers including The New York Times.
Hemingway was a man who truly enjoyed life. He made those around him enjoy life. When he could no longer enjoy his life, when his body failed him, when his gift for writing deserted him, he ended his life. This final act would add to the Hemingway mystery.
Hemingway’s literature had always been influenced by tragedy. When reading his work, one notices an element almost always lacking: the happy ending. Not only could Hemingway describe life “as it is”, he was also good at describing life “as it is not”. Life is not a clichéd bed of roses, a care-free world in which lovers walk hand in hand into a setting sunset. No, the sun also rises, and if its rays are too hot or too bright, or if it stays visible for too long, the roses will wilt and die. Hemingway never avoided exploring the tragedies of life, of death, of love.
There is little doubt that the events in Hemingway’s fiction mirror the events in his life. Hemingway’s true talent, however, lies in his ability to construct fiction which is more realistic and truer than any life event could ever be. Every writer of fiction wishes to produce a similar construction. Many try. Many fail. Some succeed. Hemingway succeeded and he is still succeeding.
1. Which was NOT one of the reasons why Hemingway killed himself?
A. His health broke down.
B. He was too old.
C. He found he no longer had the gift for writing.
D. He could not get pleasure from his life.
2. In Hemingway’s eyes, life ____.
A. is full of pains
B. is made up of roses
C. contains a lot of tragedies
D. should be ended by its owner
3. According to the passage, Hemingway ____.
A. hasn’t been a source of interest except for his fiction
B. hadn’t been famous before his death[来源:学.科.网]
C. experienced many tragedies in his life
D. failed to have his own way of constructing fiction
4. We can infer from the article that the author’s attitude towards Hemingway is being ____.
A. admiring B. jealous C. afraid D. critical
B
Unless humans act now, seafood may disappear by 2048, concludes the lead author of a new study that paints a grim picture for ocean and human health. According to the study, the loss of ocean biodiversity(生物多样性) is speeding up, and 29 percent of the seafood species that humans consume have already died out. If the long-term trend continues, in 30 years there will be little or no seafood available for human beings.
The increasing pace of diversity loss thus endangers the “ecosystems services” that many human populations depend on for survival, the study says. The research also found that biodiversity loss is tightly linked to declining water quality, harmful algal blooms, ocean dead zones, fish kills, and coastal flooding.
“Biodiversity is a limited resource, and we are going to end up with nothing left if nothing changes,” said Boris Worm, an assistant professor of marine conservation biology at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. Worm led the international team of scientists and economists that examined the role of marine biodiversity in maintaining ecosystem services. “They examined the impact of species loss at local, regional, and global scales and in a variety of ecosystems. Everywhere they looked, they got the same result: The greater the loss of diversity, the greater the impact on ecosystem services.
“The good news is that areas managed for improved diversity can and do recover, raising the possibility that the problem can be reversed (彻底改变) if humans take action.” Worm says, “Where we protect marine areas around the world we see an increase in species diversity. We also see more productivity as well as more money being earned from those ecosystems,” he said.
5. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Seafood promotes human health
B. Biodiversity is important for human survival
C. Ocean biodiversity is improving
D. The future of ecosystem services
6. The word “grim” underlined in paragraph 1 most probably means ____.
A. horrible B. clear C. simple D. colorful
7. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A. The loss of biodiversity threatens our food supplies.
B. It’s urgent to save biodiversity in the coming 30 years.
C. Biodiversity loss is closely related to flooding.
D. Biodiversity loss has a great effect on ecosystem services.
8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Biodiversity has been improved in a vast area of ocean.
B. It’s not so difficult to improve biodiversity.
C. There’s no need to worry about the decline in biodiversity
D. It’s hopeful to improve biodiversity if action is taken.
四、单词拼写
1. All those waste products are______（污染）the river.
2. It’s very important to teach children about road______（安全）.
3. Our teacher asked us to make up a similar________（对话）.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
4. We have two English classes every______（星期四）.
5. When the lesson in_____（语法）was over，we began our writing.
6. He felt rather_______（失望）when he failed in the competition.
7. It’s very_______（高尚）of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.
8. She had changed so much that I could hardly_______（认出）her.
9. She was famous both at home and __________（国外）.
10. Betty_____（忌妒）Susan her youth and beauty though Susan treated her as a close friend.
【试题答案】
一、辨音
A）ACBBB B) BCDAA
二、单选
A组：ABBAA CACAB BBBBB
B组：DACDB ADDBA CCDCB
C组：BCBCB BCDBD ADDAC AA
三、阅读
CBCA BACD
四、单词拼写
1. polluting 2. safety 3. dialogue／dialog 4. Thursday 5. grammar
6. disappointed 7. noble 8. recognize/recognise 9. abroad 10. envied
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