【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空模拟试题10篇训练之五（含有解析）学案（16页word版） 19页

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空模拟试题10篇训练之五 ‎【1】‎ Eileen Taylor had something sweet on her mind in the drivethrough line at Heav’nly Donuts. Just the day before, a stranger ahead of her in line had __1__ (generous) paid for her coffee. “The good deed made such __2__ big difference in my day，” says Eileen. She had recently lost her job as a physician’s __3__ (assist), and money was tight. But Eileen __4__ (inspire) to pay the $12 bill of the family in the car behind hers. __5__ she didn’t know was that her kindness would set off a chain reaction. In two and a half hours, fiftyfive drivers paid for the order of the person behind __6__ (they). The doughnut shop’s employees __7__ (see) this before. This Heav’nly Donuts, in fact, is known as a special place, the customers of __8__ are considered as “the best in the world”. But, even so, the workers were __9__ (amaze) that the shop had more than doubled its previous record by the end of the day.‎ Now __10__ (work) as a chemist, Eileen visits Heav’nly Donuts every Saturday morning, picking up a coffee and paying for the order of the customer behind her.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Eileen在经济困窘之际，陌生顾客帮她付单的行为产生了连锁反应，很多人纷纷效仿这一行为。‎ ‎1．generously　空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．a　make a difference“起作用，有影响”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．assistant　此处指“作为一个医生的助手”，故用名词assistant。‎ ‎4．was inspired　本处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；Eileen与inspire是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态；结合主语Eileen可知，填was inspired。‎ ‎5．What　句意：她不知道的是她的善行引起了连锁反应。主语从句中know缺少宾语，故用what引导主语从句。‎ ‎6．them　空处作介词behind的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式them。‎ ‎7．had seen　根据语境并结合时间状语before可知，此处指的是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎8．which　先行词place在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎9．amazed　主语为workers，指人，应用amazed。‎ ‎10．working　分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，因为work与句子主语Eileen之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎【2】‎ Along a long path we came to a deep valley. As I climbed down into the valley, a bird flew off the rock. On looking at the spot __1__ the bird had risen, I saw two eggs. They were the kind that I did not have in my __2__ (collect), so I placed them carefully in my bag.‎ As we went further down the valley, the sides became even __3__ (steep). The water that rushed down all these small __4__ (valley) in the ‎ rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep __5__ (climb) down, I handed my gun to one of the men and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of __6__ (I). They quickly gave me the gun __7__ asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing; possibly because of the noise I made while __8__ (slide) down the rock. The men said they __9__ (hear) a tiger growling (虎啸) somewhere nearby, but they __10__ not know from which direction the noise had come.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的探险故事。‎ ‎1．where　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“spot”，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。‎ ‎2．collection　根据空格前的“my”可知，此处应填所给词的名词形式。故填collection。‎ ‎3．steeper　根据空格前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级。故填steeper。‎ ‎4．valleys　根据空格前的“these”可知，此处应填可数名词的复数形式。故填valleys。‎ ‎5．to climb　too ...to ...为固定短语，意为“太……以至于不能……”，故填to climb。‎ ‎6．me　根据空格前的介词“of”可知，此处应填所给代词的宾格形式。故填me。‎ ‎7．and　空格前的“gave”和空格后的“asked”为并列关系，故用and连接。‎ ‎8．sliding　根据空格前“the noise I made”可知，此处指“我”正在滑下岩石时发出的响声。分析句子结构可知，空格处为省略句，省略主语I及系动词was。故填sliding。‎ ‎9．had heard　hear的动作发生在“said”之前，应用过去完成时。故填had heard。‎ ‎10．did　通篇文章都是以过去时为主，所以此处用did not表示否定。故填did。‎ ‎【3】‎ I was born in a town called Blackburn, in the northwest of England, and lived there till I left home __1__ the age of eighteen. My parents had moved to England from India during __2__ 1970s.‎ As a child, I went to my local school and, of course __3__ (speak) English with a local accent. But home was very different: we lived in a kind of “little India”， with a huge extended family of uncles and aunts. I remember __4__ (feel) part of this big thing called “family”， and an even __5__ (big) thing called “India”. I suppose my family __6__ (real) influenced me while I was growing up. They used to talk about India as “home” — even __7__ at that time I had never been there!‎ To me, it doesn’t seem at all strange to grow up as part of two cultures. I am always thinking that growing up with two cultures is a gift, not a __8__ (advantage). Now as a mother, I want my child __9__ (get) in contact (接触) with her Indian roots too, so we are planning to visit there later this year. All her Indian __10__ (cousin) are expecting to meet ‎ her!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”出生在英国西北部的一个小镇，在十八岁时离开那里去求学；“我”的父母早在20世纪70年代就从印度迁到英国。“我”认为伴随着两种不同文化成长是礼物而不是缺点。‎ ‎1．at　at the age of为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。‎ ‎2．the　the 1970s为固定用法，意为“20世纪70年代”；表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。‎ ‎3．spoke　根据该句中的“As a child, I went”可以判断，该句讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故应用speak的过去式spoke。‎ ‎4．feeling　remember doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“记得(曾经)做过某事”；根据语境可知，这里指记得曾经发生的事情，故用feeling。‎ ‎5．bigger　根据上文中的big和该句中的even可以判断，空处应用big的比较级bigger。‎ ‎6．really　根据空后的influenced可以判断，空处修饰动词，故用该词的副词形式really。‎ ‎7．though/if　他们过去常常将印度当作家乡来谈论，即使那时“我”从没有到过那里。even though/if为固定搭配，意为“尽管，即使”。‎ ‎8．disadvantage　根据该句中的“a gift, not ...”可以判断，此处表示伴随着两种文化成长是一件礼物，而不是缺点。故用advantage的反义词disadvantage。‎ ‎9．to get　want sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“‎ 想要某人做某事”。‎ ‎10．cousins　根据该句中的All和are可知，应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎【4】‎ I had been called to examine a tenyearold dog __1__ (name) Belker. I examined Belker and found he was dying of cancer. I told the family I couldn’t do anything.‎ Shane, a sixyearold boy in the family, seemed so calm, petting the old dog __2__ the last time. I wondered if he understood what was __3__ (go) on. Within a few minutes, Belker slipped peacefully away.‎ The little boy seemed to accept the fact without any difficulty __4__ confusion. We sat together for a while after __5__ (Belker) death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that animal __6__ (life) are shorter than human lives.‎ Shane, who had been listening quietly, said, “I know why.”‎ We all turned to him. What came out of his mouth next surprised me __7__ (great). I’d never heard a __8__ (much) comforting explanation. It has changed the way I try and live.‎ ‎“People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life — like loving everybody all the time and __9__ (be) nice, right？” The sixyearold continued, “Well, dogs already know __10__ to do that, so they don’t have to stay as long.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的Shane和作者一起见证了Belker的死，之后Shane似乎非常平静地接受了这一事实，并说出了作者从未听过的、令人宽慰的解释。‎ ‎1．named　动词name在此处作后置定语修饰名词“dog”，且二者之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词named，意为“被命名”。故填named。‎ ‎2．for　for the last time为固定搭配，意为“最后一次”。故填for。‎ ‎3．going　根据上文中的“he was dying of cancer”及下文中的“Belker slipped peacefully away”可知，当时Belker生命垂危，死亡这一过程并没有完成而是正在进行；结合空格前的“was”及语境可知，此处应为过去进行时，表示当时正在发生。故填going。‎ ‎4．or　根据句意可知，Shane似乎没有任何困难和困惑地接受了这一事实。句中“difficulty”和“confusion”是并列关系；根据上文中的“without”可知，该句为否定句，在否定句中，or表并列。故填or。‎ ‎5．Belker’s　根据语法知识可知，Belker和“death”之间是所属关系，故此处应用名词所有格Belker’s，表示Belker的死。‎ ‎6．lives　根据空后的“are”及下文中的“human lives”可知，空格处应与其对应。故此处应用复数名词lives。‎ ‎7．greatly　此处应用副词修饰谓语动词“surprised”。故填greatly。‎ ‎8．more　此处用形容词比较级的否定式来表示最高级含义，意为“没有比……更……”。故填more。‎ ‎9．being　根据句中的并列连词“and”可知，此处应与“and”前的“loving everybody”一致，故用“being nice”，表示并列。故填being。‎ ‎10．how　根据语境及句式可知，上文中的“People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life”与本句中的“dogs already know __10__ to do that ...”相呼应，“to do that”指代上文中的“to live a good life”，故此处应用how构成“疑问副词＋不定式”结构，表示如何过上好生活。故填how。‎ ‎【5】‎ Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in? It’s home __1__ so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have the __2__ (responsible) to take care of it, too.‎ A long time ago, I started thinking about what I could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered __3__ I could use my talents for good. I love creating websites and making art and designing clothes. That’s what __4__ (inspire) me, at age 8, to start an online company. I donate part of my profits to organizations __5__ (try) their best to save our environment. After I launched my business, I started getting __6__ (invite) to give presentations to young people about my company and the environment. I also talk about something else that __7__ (be) meaningful.‎ One thing I’ve learned is that a lot of people feel like __8__ small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won’t make a difference. But that’s not true! __9__ (actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The __10__ (tiny) action is ‎ better than the greatest intention.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。保护环境，从我做起；拯救地球，从小做起。作者8岁时创立网络公司，把一部分利润捐给热衷环保的组织。最小的行动胜过最大的打算。你行动起来了吗？‎ ‎1．to　be home to“为……的栖息地，是……的家园”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎2．responsibility　根据空前的“have the”可知此处应填一个名词，responsibility“责任，职责”。‎ ‎3．how　分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作wondered的宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示方式，故用how引导该从句，表示“我想知道我如何能把我的才能发挥好”。‎ ‎4．inspired　空处的前一句和后一句都用的是一般现在时，但是根据空后的时间状语“at age 8”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．trying　分析句子结构可知，organizations与try之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎6．invited　此处是get done“被……”结构，故填过去分词。‎ ‎7．is　that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，that指代的是something else，表示单数含义，故从句谓语动词用单数形式。此外，这里表示客观的情况，故应用一般现在时。综上可知本空填is。‎ ‎8．a　‎ 很多人觉得对任何事业的小小贡献都是杯水车薪，不会有什么影响。这里表示泛指，且contribution是可数名词，故用a。注意：feel like后面是一个省略了引导词的从句。‎ ‎9．Actually　空处作状语修饰整个句子，故要用副词。actually“事实上”。‎ ‎10．tiniest　根据空前的“The”和句意“最微小的事情也比最伟大的打算好”，空处要填最高级跟后面的“the greatest”形成对比。‎ ‎【6】‎ Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught __1__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.‎ Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother __2__ (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming __3__ nurse.‎ Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence __4__ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __5__ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn’t enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __6__ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, __7__ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort __8__ them.‎ After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients __9__ (proper). However, she never really made a full ‎ __10__ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记，对护理事业的创始人、现代护理教育的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔进行了介绍。‎ ‎1．how　根据语境，此处指以前的护士从未被教过要如何照顾病人，故用how。‎ ‎2．to visit　分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式短语在句中作目的状语。‎ ‎3．a　根据语境可知，此处表泛指，指“成为一名护士”，故应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎4．was asked　此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；又根据空后的“by the government”可知，Florence与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎5．wounded　“the＋adj.”是固定用法，表示一类人，故填wounded。‎ ‎6．cleaned　分析句子结构可知，此处与worked和made并列作句子的谓语，故也应用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．checking　check与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎8．for　根据语境可知，此处指的应是“她给他们提供慰藉”，provide sth.for sb.＝ provide sb. with sth.。‎ ‎9．properly　空处修饰look after，应用副词形式。‎ ‎10．recovery　根据语境及空前的“a full”可知此处应用名词形式。‎ ‎【7】‎ Dogs are __1__ very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have very special jobs __2__ (do). A group of dogs __3__ (know)as “Therapy Dogs”. These dogs are family pets with special training, __4__ allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people __5__ need. The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don’t frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.‎ Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun __6__ (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people’s health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood __7__ (press) and heart rates go down. They are calmer and __8__ (they) mood improves.‎ Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as warm and caring __9__ (friend) to children, but they also do __10__ (much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children’s reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗——治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子们的朋友。‎ ‎1．a　根据本句中的“very popular pet”‎ 可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。‎ ‎2．to do　本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”。‎ ‎3．are known　分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，“a group of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与know是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．which　这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。‎ ‎5．in　由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．petting　have fun (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。‎ ‎7．pressure　分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“血压”。‎ ‎8．their　修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词，故用their。‎ ‎9．friends　根据句子的主语They可知，此处用名词复数。‎ ‎10．more　句中的but暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做得更多。‎ ‎【8】‎ A computer program has beaten a human champion at the ancient Chinese board game Go. It marked an important advance for the __1__‎ ‎ (develop) of artificial intelligence. The program, __2__ (call) AlphaGo, had taught itself how to win. It beat the European champion in all five games of a match in October. The developers say __3__ (it) learning ability may someday let computers help solve realworld problems. Those could include making medical diagnoses and __4__ (conduct) scientific research.‎ Previously computers have beaten humans in other __5__ (game). But among classic games, Go has long been viewed as the most challenging for artificial intelligence to master.‎ Go originated in China more than 2,500 years ago. __6__ game involves two players who take turns putting markers on a checkerboardlike grid. The object is to surround more area on the board with the markers than one’s opponent (对手). Players obtain the opponent’s pieces __7__ surrounding them. The rules are simple, __8__ playing it is not. It’s probably the most complex game ever created by humans.‎ Martin Mueller, a computing science professor, __9__ (work) on Go programs for 30 years. He said, “The new program is really a big step up from everything else __10__ we’ve seen. It’s a very impressive piece of work.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了阿尔法围棋人机大战事件。‎ ‎1．development　根据冠词the和后面的介词of可知，此处应填名词development。‎ ‎2．called　call和句子谓语had ‎ taught之间没有连词，故应用非谓语动词，且和句子主语The program构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．its　此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词ability。‎ ‎4．conducting　根据and可知，此处与making并列，故用动名词conducting。‎ ‎5．games　game是可数名词，且没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎6．The　此处的game特指上文中的Go，故用定冠词修饰。‎ ‎7．by　根据语境可知，此处表示通过的含义，故用介词by，后跟动名词surrounding作宾语。‎ ‎8．but　根据语境可知，上下句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but连接两个并列句。‎ ‎9．has worked　由“for 30 years”可知，此处用现在完成时；主语为Martin Mueller，故应填has worked。‎ ‎10．that　that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词everything else。‎ ‎【9】‎ Welcome back to the hot topic of studying abroad! Last time, we talked about the general “software” needed to have a __1__ (success) studying experience overseas, __2__ refers to the ability to understand western culture, and problemsolving skills when __3__ (face) critical situations, etc.‎ Now, I will dig deeper into the concept of “software”. Everyone is talking about culture shock nowadays, but you may wonder what it actually __4__ (mean). Put simply: culture shock is the difficulty people may experience when being exposed and adjusting to a __5__ (remarkable) different new culture. Usually, people often go __6__ four distinct phases: the honeymoon phase, the negotiation phase, the adjustment phase and the mastery phase. Culture shock can happen immediately upon your __7__ (arrive) in the country.‎ For international students, perhaps the most direct impact of culture shock is the variety of accents, especially in multicultural countries __8__ the US, Canada or Australia. There are two main reasons.Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural __9__ (background). Secondly, there are many international students from all around the world every year studying in these countries, so you shouldn’t be surprised __10__ (find) all kinds of unfamiliar accents around the university campus.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要就文化冲突这一话题进行了讨论。‎ ‎1．successful　修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词successful修饰名词experience。‎ ‎2．which　which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为software。‎ ‎3．facing　当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句主语和be动词的某种形式。“when facing”省略了“we are”，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎4．means　mean在此处是动词，意为“意味着”，且由上下文时态可知，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎5．remarkably　空处应用副词remarkably修饰形容词different。‎ ‎6．through　go through“经历”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．arrival/arriving　介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填arrival或arriving作介词upon的宾语。‎ ‎8．like　根据“the US, Canada or Australia”可知，此处表示列举，故用介词like“例如，像”。‎ ‎9．backgrounds　由different可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．to find　be surprised to do sth.“吃惊地去做某事”，故用不定式形式。‎ ‎【10】‎ The best way to deal with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right __1__ (equip) can go a long way toward preventing injuries. If you think you’ve been injured, pull __2__ (you) out of the game or stop __3__ (do) your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor. Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes __4__ play contact sports like football. Keep the injured person still with his or her head ‎ __5__ (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency __6__ (medicine) help. If the person __7__ (lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.‎ Your first question after a sports injury will __8__ (probable) be, “When can I play again？” This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, a doctor might have suggestions and advice __9__ what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor __10__ trying any activity following an injury.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在运动中受伤以后应该怎么办。‎ ‎1．equipment　分析句子结构可知，此处指合适的器材，equipment “设备，器材”，是不可数名词。‎ ‎2．yourself　这是一个祈使句，由前面的you可知，该处用yourself。‎ ‎3．doing　由“you’ve been injured”可知，受伤了就要停止活动，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故用doing。‎ ‎4．who/that　空处引导定语从句，先行词为athletes，指人，故用who或that。‎ ‎5．held　动词hold与his or her head是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎6．medical　分析句子结构可知，此处是形容词修饰名词help，故用medical。‎ ‎7．lies/is lying　此处表示“如果这个人躺在/正躺在地上”‎ ‎，故应用一般现在时或现在进行时。‎ ‎8．probably　分析句子结构可知，这里应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎9．about/on　分析句意可知，这里指的是“做什么来保持健康的建议”，故用about/on表示“关于”。‎ ‎10．before　分析句意可知，在尝试任何活动之前先咨询一下医生，故用before。‎