湖南省长沙市一中2020届高三模拟考试卷（一）英语试题 Word版含解析 28页

- 1 - 炎德·英才大联考 长沙市一中 2020 届高考模拟卷(一) 英语试题 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分 30 分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到 答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7,5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What is the man probably trying on? A. A tie. B. A suit. C. A pair of socks. 2. Who does the woman have to wait for? A. Her sister. B. The man. C. Her parents. 3. Who is the man most likely talking to? A. A saleswoman. B. A tailor. C. A doctor. 4. What might the man be doing now? A. Doing some cooking. B. Washing dishes. C. Setting the table. 5. What does the woman think about the book？ A. She likes it very much. B. There are too many pages. C. It will be hard to understand. 第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题 将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 - 2 - 听第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Neighbors. B. Husband and wife. C. House owner and repairman. 7. What will the speakers do next? A. Go to a cinema. B. Turn up the TV. C. Fix up their house. 听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a bus station. B. At a store. C. At a school. 9. What did the speakers do together？ A. They bought tickets. B. They played a game. C. They went camping. 10. Why was Anish unlucky？ A. He forgot his backpack. B. He lost against the woman. C. He didn't get into the championship. 听第 8 段材料,回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. What did the woman lose? A. Her wallet. B. Her credit card. C. Her cellphone. 12. Where were the woman and the man most probably? A. In the theater. B. In the taxi. C. In the restaurant. 13. What did the person on the phone ask the woman for probably? A. Her full name. B. Her password. C. Her receipt. 听第 9 段材料,回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. Which language does the man want to learn well? A. French B. Spanish. C. English. 15. Why is the man concerned about his language level? A. He wishes to speak with his relatives. B. He hopes to get better grades in class. - 3 - C. He wants to get into a specific university. 16. What does the man worry about? A. Writing at a higher level. B. Understanding the teachers instructions. C. Having a general conversation with someone. 17. How does the man plan to improve? A. By hiring a tutor. B. By moving to another country. C. By joining an online community. 听第 10 段材料,回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. An exercise activity. B. A dance party. C. A competition. 19. Who started the dance routine? A. A student. B. The principal. C. A staff member. 20. What modern problems could the dance routine help fight according to the talk? A. Weight problems. B. Learning problems. C. Discipline problems. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。 A There are plenty of things to do while at home, from watching heartwarming TV to indoor fitness, but if you want to do something with the whole family, a board game is the perfect activity. Telestrations It is like a combination of the whisper game Telephone and Pictionary. Players draw a word and pass their sketch to the player next to them, who writes down the word they think the first player draws. The next player draws the word the previous player writes down, and the game continues in this way until the final drawing or - 4 - description comes out wildly different from the original one. It is most popular among kids. Catan A slightly more involved game than Risk or Monopoly, Catan, previouly known as Settlers of Catan or Settlers, has become popular in the past decade or so beyond board game enthusiasts. In the game, which has many expansions available if you get bored with the original, players become “settlers”, each trying to build up individual settlements while trading resources. The bigger your settlement, the more points, and the first to a set number wins. Ticket to Ride It is an easy-to-understand game that is about something as simple as trains. Players use colored train cars that they are able to obtain by collecting cards of the same color to create train routes across a map of the U. S. Expansion packs have many other maps to choose from. Bigger train routes give you more points, as do building the routes shown on the secret ticket cards you draw at the beginning of the game. Lords of Waterdeep This board game from the makers of Dungeons Dragons is definitely more complex but is one of the most enjoyable games once you understand all the rules. Beautifully designed in fantasy style, Waterdeep is a “worker placement game”, in which players use agents to gather resources to complete quests, which generate victory points. Whoever has the most at the end of the game wins. 1. In which of the following board games is drawing needed? A. Telestrations. B. Catan. C. Ticket to Ride. D. Lords of Waterdeep. 2. Who will be the winner in Catan? A. The one becoming the first settler. B. The one getting needed points first. C. The one gathering the most resources. - 5 - D. The one creating the most train routes. 3. What do the four board games have in common? A. They have many expansions. B. They ask players to get points. C. They involve more than one player. D. They are easy to understand and play. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了在家中全家人可以一起参与的四种棋盘游戏。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Telestrations 部分中的“Players draw a word and pass their sketch to the player next to them, who writes down the word they think the first player draws. The next player draws the word the previous player writes down, and the game continues in this way until the final drawing or description comes out wildly different from the original one.”可知，玩家画出一个单词并将其递给旁边的玩家，后者写下他们认为第 一个玩家画出的单词。下一位玩家画出前一位玩家写下的单词，然后游戏以这种方式继续进 行，直到最终的作品或说明与原始作品完全不同为止。由此可知，在 Telestrations 游戏中， 需要玩家将字画出来。故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Catan 部分中的“the first to a set number wins.”可知，第一个达到 确定的分数的人获胜。即首先得到需要的分数的人获胜。故选 B。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“but if you want to do something with the whole family, a board game is the perfect activity.”可知，在家中全家人可以一起参与棋盘游戏，它 是一个很好的选择。因此，四种棋盘游戏的共同点是它们需要不止一个参与者。故选 C。 B My brother had, for years, a delightfully tame and lively blue-fronted Amazon parrot named Papagallo, which had an extraordinary talent for speech. Living with us in Altenberg, Papagallo flew just as freely around as most of my other birds. A talking parrot that flies from tree to tree and at the same time says human words, - 6 - gives a much more comical effect than one that sits in a cage and does the same thing. When Papagallo, with loud cries of “Where’s the Doc?” flew about the district, sometimes in a real search for his master, it was funny. Still funnier, but also remarkable from a scientific point of view, was the following performance of the bird. Papagallo feared nothing and nobody, with the exception of the chimney sweep. Birds are likely to fear things which are up above. And this tendency is associated with the natural fear of the bird of prey diving down from the heights. So everything that appears against the sky, has for them something of the meaning of “bird of prey”. As the chimney sweep in black stood up on the chimney and became outlined against the sky, Papagallo fell into a panic of fear and flew, loudly screaming, so far away that we feared he might not come back. Months later, when the chimney sweep came again, Papagallo was sitting on the weathercock, quarrelling with other birds who wanted to sit there too. All at once, I saw him stretch his neck and peer down anxiously into the village street; then he flew up and away, crying out in tough tones, “ The chimney sweep is- coming!” “The chimney sweep is coming! The next moment, the man in black walked through the doorway of the yard ! Unfortunately, I was unable to find out how often Papagallo had seen the chimney sweep before and how often he had heard the excited cry of our cook, which meant his approach. It was, without a doubt, the voice and intonation of this lady that the bird copied. But he had certainly not heard it more than three times at the most and, each time, only once and at an interval of months. 4. It can be inferred that the author_______. A. might be a bird expert B. must set a lot of parrots free C. could talk with Papagallo D. did have Papagallo look for his brother 5. What does the underlined words “bird of prey” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Bird flying up high. B. Bird hunting animals. - 7 - C. Bird having black feathers. D. Bird diving down from the sky. 6. What confused the author? A. Why Papagallo feared the chimney sweep. B. What the chimney sweep did to Papagallo. C. How Papagallo had learnt to say the exact sentence. D. How often Papagallo was seen by the chimney sweep. 7. Which of the following best describes Papagallo? A. Gifted B. Caring. C. Shy. D. Talkative. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了鹦鹉 Papagallo 害怕烟囱清扫工的原因，以及鹦鹉具有模仿人类 语言的能力。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“So everything that appears against the sky, has for them something of the meaning of “bird of prey”所以天空中出现的一切，对它们来说都有" 猛禽"的含义。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, I was unable to find out how often Papagallo had seen the chimney sweep before and how often he had heard the excited cry of our cook, which meant his approach”不幸的是，不幸的是，作者不知道 Papagallo 以前有多 少次见过烟囱清扫工，以及它有多少次听到我们厨师说这句话。由此可以推断出作者可能是 鸟类专家。故选 A。 【5 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Papagallo feared nothing and nobody, with the exception of the chimney sweep. Birds are likely to fear things which are up above. And this tendency is associated with the natural fear of the bird of prey diving down from the heights.”可知，Papagallo 除了烟囱清扫工外，什么也不怕。鸟类可能会害怕出现在上 空的东西。即鸟类害怕自己被其他 ebird of prey 作为猎物抓走，因此它们对于高处的东西 产生的恐惧与从高处俯冲下来的食鸟猛禽有着关系。由此可知，划线词意为“狩猎动物的 鸟”。故选 B。 - 8 - 【6 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 的 “The chimney sweep is coming!” 及 最 后 一 段 中 的 “Unfortunately, I was unable to find out how often Papagallo had seen the chimney sweep before and how often he had heard the excited cry of our cook, which meant his approach. It was, without a doubt, the voice and intonation of this lady that the bird copied. But he had certainly not heard it more than three times at the most and, each time, only once and at an interval of months.”可知，Papagallo 说到“烟囱清扫 工即将到来了”。不幸的是，作者不知道 Papagallo 以前有多少次见过烟囱清扫工，以及它 有多少次听到我们厨师说这句话。毫无疑问，这只鸟模仿了这位女士的声音和语调。但是它 肯定最多听不到三遍，每隔几个月才听见一次。因此，使作者感到困惑的是 Papagallo 如何 学会说出这个确切的句子的。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Papagallo, which had an extraordinary talent for speech.”可知，Papagallo 具有非凡的说话才能，即 A 项（有天赋的）最适合描述 Papagallo。 故选 A。 C The world of work is changing. Are people ready for the new job outlook? A survey of 15- year-olds across 41 countries by the OECD(经合组织) has found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available. Four of the five most popular choices are traditional professional roles: doctors, teachers, business managers and lawyers. Teenagers cluster around the most popular jobs, with the top ten being chosen by 47% of boys and 53% of girls. This selection is partly due to wishful thinking on the part of those surveyed. Furthermore, teenagers can hardly be expected to have an in-depth knowledge of labour-market trends. They encounter doctors and teachers in their daily lives. Other popular professions, such as lawyers and police officers, are familiar from films and social media. Some parts of the OECD survey are disturbing. More boys than girls expect to work in science or engineering. The problem continues in higher education; with the exception of biological and biomedical sciences, degrees in STEM Subjects (science, - 9 - technology, engineering and maths ) are male-dominated. In America women earn just 35. 5% of undergraduate STEM degrees and 33. 7% of PhDs. Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in five computer-science university students is a woman. Women are underrepresented in some important fields of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing, for example. Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors. The problem is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides had median annual salaries in 2018 of just over 24,000. Some jobs in health care are extremely profitable, of course. But another gender imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social care workforce. The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist will recognise this as an inefficient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies---be it the education system, government policy or corporate recruiting practices---it needs to be identified and fixed. 8. Many teenagers would like to choose some traditional jobs because_______. A. they are ready for these jobs B. these jobs are better known to them C. these jobs live up to their expectations D. they think these jobs are available to them 9. Where do most women work? A. In engineering B. In technology. C. In health care. D. In business. 10. What would-the author most probably agree with? A. The mismatch of resources requires improving. B. Not enough men and women take jobs in society. - 10 - C. Teenagers have unrealistic expectations about jobs. D. It's the education system that causes the problem in the labour market. 11. In which section of a magazine may this text appear ? A. Entertainment. B. Education. C. Science. D. Career. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章讲述的是关于青少年对工作的选择。工作的世界正在发生变化。 经合组织(OECD)对 41 个国家 15 岁青少年进行的调查发现，青少年可能对未来可获得的工作 抱有不切实际的期望。5 个最受欢迎的职位中，有 4 个是传统的职业角色:医生、教师、企业 经理和律师。并介绍了性别在工作中的不合理分配，建议改善资源的不合理分配。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中 This selection is partly due to wishful thinking on the part of those surveyed. Furthermore, teenagers can hardly be expected to have an in-depth knowledge of labour-market trends. They encounter doctors and teachers in their daily lives. Other popular professions, such as lawyers and police officers, are familiar from films and social media. “这种选择部分是出于被调查者的一厢情愿。此外，很难期 望青少年对劳动力市场趋势有深入的了解。他们在日常生活中遇到医生和老师。其他受欢迎 的职业，如律师和警察，在电影和社交媒体中很常见。”由此可知，许多青少年喜欢选择一 些传统的工作，因为这些工作对他们来说比较熟悉。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句 Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors.“妇女在保健和社会保健部门发挥更大的作用。”由此可知，大多数 女性在卫生保健工作。故选 C。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist will recognise this as an inefficient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies---be it the education system, government policy or corporate recruiting practices---it needs to be identified and fixed.“这可能是一种错配:没有足够多的有才华的女性进入 - 11 - 科技行业，也没有足够多的男性从事社会福利工作。任何经济学家都会承认，这是对资源的 低效利用。无论问题的根源在哪里——无论是教育体系、政府政策还是企业招聘实践——都 需要找到并解决。”由此判断出，作者最可能同意的是“需要改善资源的不合理分配。”故 选 A。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 The world of work is changing. Are people ready for the new job outlook? A survey of 15- year-olds across 41 countries by the OECD(经合组织) has found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available. “工作的世界正在发生变化。人们对新的工作前景做好准备了吗?经合 组织(OECD)对 41 个国家 15 岁青少年进行的调查发现，青少年可能对未来可获得的工作抱有 不切实际的期望。”和最后一段中 Wherever the root of the problem lies---be it the education system, government policy or corporate recruiting practices---it needs to be identified and fixed.“无论问题的根源在哪里——无论是教育体系、政府政策还是企 业招聘实践——都需要找到并解决。”由此判断出，短文出自报纸里的职业板块。故选 D。 D The second little pig was unlucky. He built his house from sticks. It was blown away by a huffing, puffing wolf, which quickly ate him up. His brother, by contrast, built a wolf-proof house from bricks. The fairy tale could have been written by someone hired by the building industry, which strongly favours brick, concrete and steel. However, in the real world it would help reduce pollution and slow global warming if more builders copied the wood-loving second pig. In 2015 world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement- making(水泥制造) alone produces 6% of the world 's carbon emissions. Steel, half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world's buildings start to look like a giant environmental problem. However, buildings can become greener. They can use more recycled steel and can be made in sections that can be put together later in off-site factories, greatly - 12 - reducing lorry journeys. But no other building material has environmental credentials (证书) as exciting and overlooked as wood. The energy required to produce a wooden beam is one-sixth of that required for a steel one of comparable strength. As trees take carbon out of the atmosphere when growing,wooden buildings contribute to negative emissions by storing the stuff. When a mature tree is cut down, a new one can be planted to replace it, capturing more carbon. After buildings are torn down, old beams and panels are easy to recycle into new structures. And for improving older buildings to be more energy efficient, wood is a good insulator(隔热材料). A softwood window frame provides nearly 400 times as much insulation as a plain steel one of the same thickness and over a thousand times as much as an aluminium equivalent. Wood alone will not bring the environmental cost of the world's buildings into line. But using wood can do much more than is appreciated. The second little pig was not wrong, just before his time. 12. Why is the second little pig with his brother mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To attract readers. B. To share a story. C. To support the main idea. D. To introduce the topic. 13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The world’s buildings are the biggest environmental problem. B. The goal set by world leaders in Paris in 2015 is difficult to achieve. C. The wooden house is not only exciting but also overlooked for a long time. D. The building industry produces 14% of the world's carbon emissions totally. 14. How can buildings become eco-friendly? A. Restoring them. B. Planting more trees in them. C. Recycling old wooden structure. D. Substituting steel windows for wood ones. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. The benefit from wood B. The building industry - 13 - C. The lesson from fairy tales D. The house made of wood 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章从三只小猪这一经典故事引入，介绍了用木头作为建筑材料的多方面 好处。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“The fairy tale could have been written by someone hired by the building industry, which strongly favours brick, concrete and steel. However, in the real world it would help reduce pollution and slow global warming if more builders copied the wood-loving second pig.”可知，作者用三只小猪的故事就 是为了从第二只小猪的木头房子引出本文的主题。故选 D 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller.”可知，巴黎的领导人会议制定的节能减排目标是一种苛求，也就是很难实 现。故选 B 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“After buildings are torn down, old beams and panels are easy to recycle into new structures.”可知，较为环保的木头建筑，可以在旧屋拆除时， 再利用之前的木料才筑造新的房屋结构。故选 C 项。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。总览全文，文章从三只小猪的故事引入，指出传统的钢筋混凝土建筑会造成大 量碳排放，而木制建筑就环保得多，并介绍了木质房屋的诸多优点，本文的主题其实就是木 质房屋。故选 D 项。 【点睛】细节理解题是阅读理解中最常见的题型，考生需要清楚，文章中心是论点，事实细 节就是论据或主要理由，细节理解题就是有关文章细节的问题，常对文中某个词语、句子、 段落的细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。常用且比较稳 妥的方法是排除干扰项，细节理解题中的干扰项一般分为范围过大或过小、偷换概念、正误 并存等类型，可逐句在文中寻找根据加以甄别。第 2 小题中，A 选项“建筑是世界上最大的环 - 14 - 境问题来源”在原文中只是形容为“start to look like a giant environmental problem”， 属于夸大了事实；C 选项“长久以来木质房屋不仅令人激动而且被人们忽视”在原文中并没有 时间上的限制；D 选项“建筑业总共制造了全世界碳排放总量的 14%”显然只是将水泥和钢铁 制造的碳排放占比简单相加，但建筑业包括的远不止这两项。这样也可以通过排除得到正确 答案。 第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 10 分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you think you got enough sleep this past week? Can you recall the last time you woke up without an alarm clock feeling refreshed, not needing caffeine ? ____16____. Two-thirds of adults throughout all developed nations fail to obtain the recommended eight hours of nightly sleep. ____17____. Routinely, sleeping less than six or seven hours a night destroys your immune system, more than doubling your risk of cancer. Insufficient sleep is a key lifestyle factor determining whether or not you will develop Alzheimer’ s disease. Inadequate sleep, even moderate reductions for just one week, disrupts blood sugar levels so profoundly that you would be classified as pre-diabetic. Perhaps you have also noticed a desire to eat more when you’re tired? ____18____. Too little sleep increases- concentrations of a hormone that makes you feel hungry while stopping a companion hormone that otherwise signals food satisfaction. Despite being full, you still want to eat more. It's a proven recipe for weight gain in sleep-deficient adults and children alike. Worse, ____19____, it is in vain, since most of the weight you lose will come from lean body mass(丢脂体重), not fat. Add the above health consequences up, and a proven link becomes easier to accept: the shorter your sleep, the shorter your life will be. The old maxim “I’ll sleep when I m dead” is therefore unfortunate. Adopt this mindset, and you will be dead sooner and the quality of that (shorter) life will be worse. ____20____. A. This is no coincidence B. It is a tragedy to cost you your family C. If the answers are“no, you are not alone D. when you push yourself too hard before you go to sleep - 15 - E. The rubber band of sleep loss can stretch only so far before it breaks F. should you attempt to diet but don't get enough sleep while doing so G. I doubt you are surprised by this fact, but you may be surprised by the consequences 【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. F 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了睡眠时间的长短会有一定影响，对人体的健康和寿命长短都会 影响。 【16 题详解】 根据前面的三个问句，以及后文中 Two-thirds of adults throughout all developed nations fail to obtain the recommended eight hours of nightly sleep. 在所有发达国家，有三 分之二的成年人未能达到每晚 8 小时的建议睡眠时间。可知，后文是对于观点的解释，C 选项 中 If the answers are “no”, you are not alone，如果答案是“不”，你并不孤单。与 上文的问题相呼应那个，故选 C。 【17 题详解】 这是一个过渡句，根据第一段最后一句“在所有发达国家，有三分之二的成年人未能达到每 晚 8 小时的建议睡眠时间”可知，这是一个事实，选项 G 中“fact”以及句意：我怀疑你对 这个事实感到惊讶，但你可能会对其后果感到惊讶。与之对应，同时引起下文,故选 G。 【18 题详解】 前面一句为问句，“也许你也注意到当你累的时候想吃得更多?”结合后文中 “Too little sleep increases- concentrations of a hormone that makes you feel hungry while stopping a companion hormone that otherwise signals food satisfaction.” “睡眠过少会增加 一种荷尔蒙的浓度，这种荷尔蒙会让你感到饥饿，同时也会阻止另一种同伴荷尔蒙分泌，这 种荷尔蒙会发出食物满足的信号。” 是对第一句话的解释说明，选项 A This is no coincidence, 这不是一个巧合。连接上下句，故选 A。 【19 题详解】 根据 “Worse”, 更糟糕的是，上文句意：对于睡眠不足的成年人和儿童来说，这是一种已 被证实的增重方法。选项 F. should you attempt to diet but don't get enough sleep while doing so 在减肥的时候尝试节食但没有得到充足的睡眠,与后文 it is in vain,相对应，在 减肥的时候尝试节食但没有得到充足的睡眠这种做法是徒劳的，故选 F。 【20 题详解】 - 16 - 总结句。根据最后一段的主要内容，讲述了你的睡眠越短，你的寿命就会越短。选项 E. The rubber band of sleep loss can stretch only so far before it breaks. 睡眠不足造成 的橡皮筋只能拉伸到一定程度才会断裂。总结整个段落，故选 E。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分) 第一节 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 I am the youngest of three children and have two older brothers. My family was always fortunate and we had a very ___21___ life in Shanghai. My ___22___ were focused on our education, but also on giving us more control over our own life so that we could move ahead ___23___. To use a car analogy (类比), I was the ___24___, but they were ___25___ in the passenger seat in case I needed support. So they didn’t ___26___ my homework but, whenever I had a question, I could ___27___ to them. I remember ___28___ my mom telling neighbors, “My daughter is very smart. She knows how to play ___29___.” The fact that my mother thought I was smart because I could play a sport, and not just because I was good at school work, was a huge ____30____. I grew up feeling ____31____ and had a “can do” attitude. Shanghai is different from the rest of China as it has a more westernized environment. So, in the late 70s, when my family moved to San Francisco to ____32____ my grandparents, from a lifestyle point of view it was not much different. What was really ____33____ was my English. I love to ____34____ with people but I could ____35____ say in English, “How do you do?” “Thank you.” and “Don’t mention it.” When we arrived, my grandfather said, “Oh, Weili, living here is going to be wonderful ____36____ you don’t speak much of the language, because Americans are very friendly.” My parents taught us to be ____37____and when I went to school or the supermarket, I would say, “Thank you.” ____38____ the expected reply, “Don’t mention it,” ____39____ said, “You’re welcome.” So one day, I told my grandfather, “You were ____40____— people here always say I am welcome here.” 21. A. difficult B. comfortable C. busy D. sad 22. A. grandparents B. neighbors C. brothers D. parents - 17 - 23. A. lightly B. slowly C. confidently D. cautiously 24. A. passenger B. owner C. conductor D. driver 25. A. sitting B. sleeping C. waiting D. resting 26. A. hand in B. help with C. learn from D. ask for 27. A. turn B. respond C. explain D. lie 28. A. stopping B. imagining C. hearing D. minding 29. A. basketball B. tricks C. roles D. music 30. A. achievement B. encouragement C. movement D. argument 31. A. burdened B. frightened C. valued D. excited 32. A. invite B. leave C. love D. join 33. A. confusing B. challenging C. tiring D. inspiring 34. A. quarrel B. live C. communicate D. compete 35. A. hardly B. firmly C. slowly D. only 36. A. even though B. in that C. in case D. ever since 37. A. careful B. patient C. polite D. modest 38. A. Instead of B. By means of C. In spite of D. due to 39. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 40. A. wrong B. right C. nice D. funny 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者很幸运生活在一个舒适的家庭中，她的父母从小培养她独 立、自信的性格。这使她后期搬到旧金山，即使在环境陌生、语言不通的情况下，也同样积 极乐观。 - 18 - 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的家庭总是很幸运而且我们在上海生活的很舒适。A. difficult 困难的；B. comfortable 舒适的；C. busy 繁忙的；D. sad 悲伤的。由该句中出现的 fortunate(幸 运)可知，作者的生活是舒适的。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母重视我们的教育，但是更多的是让我们自己掌控生活， 因此我们可以自信发展。A. grandparents 祖父母；B. neighbors 邻居；C. brothers 兄弟； D. parents 父母。结合上下文语境，如第一段中提到的 my mom telling neighbors 可知，此 处应该是作者的父母。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的父母重视我们的教育，但是也更多的让我们自己掌控自己的 生活，因此我们可以自信地发展。A. lightly 轻轻地；B. slowly 缓慢地；C. confidently 自信地；D. cautiously 谨慎地。结合语境可知，作者的父母只是给他们建议，更多的时候是 让他们自己掌控生活，这就培养了他们的自信心。故选 C。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：用汽车打比方，我是司机，而我的父母只是坐在乘客的座位上以 便给我支持。A. passenger 乘客；B. owner 拥有者；C. conductor 指挥者；D. driver 司机。 根据上句提及 To use a car analogy 可知，作者用司机和乘客来比喻自己和父母的关系。故 选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用汽车打比方，我是司机，但我的父母只是坐在乘客的座位上以 便给我支持。A. sitting 坐着；B. sleeping 睡觉；C. waiting 等待；D. resting 休息。结 合后半句 in the passenger seat 可知，此处应该是坐在乘客的座位。故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此他们不帮助我做家庭作业，但是无论何时我有问题，我都能 够向他们寻求帮助。A. hand in 递交；B. help with 帮忙；C. learn from 学习；D. ask for 索求。结合上下文语境可知，作者的父母就像坐在车上的乘客，只是在需要帮助时提供支持， 在学习上他们也不会帮助作者。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此他们不帮助我做家庭作业，但是无论何时我有问题，我都能 - 19 - 够向他们寻求帮助。A. turn 转动；B. respond 回答，回应；C. explain 解释；D. lie 说谎。 根据语境可知，此处是 turn to“向……寻求帮助，求助于”。故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得听见我妈妈告诉邻居“我的女儿很聪明。她知道如何玩篮 球。”A. stopping 停止；B. imagining 想象；C. hearing 听到；D. minding 苦恼。该句中 出现 My mom telling 可知，作者是“听”到她讲的。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得听见我妈妈告诉邻居“我的女儿很聪明。她知道如何玩篮 球。” A. basketball 篮球；B. tricks 车票；C. roles 角色；D. music 音乐。根据下文中 提到 The fact that my mother thought I was smart because I could play a sport,(事 实上我妈妈认为我聪明是因为我能做一项体育运动)，而 basketball 属于 sport 中的一种。 故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上我妈妈认为我聪明是因为我能做一项体育运动，而不仅仅 是学习好，这些都是巨大的鼓舞。A. achievement 成就；B. encouragement 鼓舞；C. movement 运动；D. argument 争论。结合上下文语境可知，作者的妈妈认为作者很聪明这件事对作者是 一个鼓舞。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在成长过程中就认为自己很有价值，而且有一种能干的态度。 A. burdened 负担；B. frightened 令人害怕的；C. valued 有价值的；D. excited 令人兴奋 的。结合上下文语境，如前文提到的 move ahead confidently 及后面的“can do” attitude 可知，作者在成长过程中能够感到自己的价值。故选 C。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此在 70 年的末，当我们全家搬到旧金山的祖父母家时，我从生 活观点的角度来看，也没有什么不同。A. invite 邀请；B. leave 离开；C. love 喜欢；D. join 加入。结合上下文语境可知，作者一家搬到了旧金山的祖父母家，即加入到祖父母家的生活 中去。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的挑战是我的英语。A. confusing 难以理解的；B. challenging 充满挑战的；C. tiring 令人困倦的；D. inspiring 鼓舞人心的。结合下文提到 - 20 - 的 I could ___15___ say in English, “How do you do?” “Thank you.” and “Don’t mention it.”可知，作者的英语对作者来说是一个挑战。故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢和人们交流，但是我只能用英语说“你好！”“谢谢。” 和“不客气。”A. quarrel 争吵；B. live 居住；C. communicate 交流；D. compete 竞争。 结合上下文语境可知，作者是喜欢与他们交流的。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢和人们交流，但是我只能用英语说“你好！”“谢谢。” 和“不客气。”A. hardly 几乎不；B. firmly 坚定的；C. slowly 缓慢地；D. only 仅仅， 只。结合上文提到的英语是作者的一个挑战可知，作者的英文水平很低。故选 D。 【36 题详解】 考查连接词辨析。句意：伟丽，尽管你能说的语言不多，但是住在这会很棒的，因为美国人 都很友好。A. even though 尽管，即使；B. in that 因为；C. in case 竟然；D. ever since 自从。even though 在本句中引导的是让步状语从句，in that 引导原因状语从句，in case 引导条件状语从句，ever since 引导时间状语从句。根据语境可知，此处是引导原因状语从 句。故选 A。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母教育我们要有礼貌，在去超市或学校的时候，我要说 谢谢。A. careful 细心的；B. patient 耐心的；C. polite 有礼貌的；D. modest 谦虚的。 根据下文中出现的“Thank you”可知，作者是有礼貌的。故选 C。 【38 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：代替预期的答复“Don’t mention it”，这里的每个人都使用 “You’re welcome”来表示不客气。A. Instead of 代替；B. By means of 用，依靠；C. In spite of 尽管，不管；D. due to 由于，应付。结合语境可知，美国人表示不客气时使用“You’re welcome”代替了“Don’t mention it”。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 考查不定代词辨析。句意：代替预期的答复“Don’t mention it”，这里的每个人都使用 “You’re welcome”来表示不客气。A. nobody 没有人；B. somebody 某人；C. anybody 任 何人；D. everybody 人人。结合上下文语境可知，这里人人都用“You’re welcome”。故选 D。 - 21 - 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我告诉我的祖父说“你是对的”，这的人总是说欢迎 我来到这。A. wrong 错误的；B. right 正确的；C. nice 友善的；D. funny 滑稽的。结合上 文中 Oh, Weili, living here is going to be wonderful ___16___ you don’t speak much of the language 和最后一句 people here always say I am welcome here 可知，作者认为 祖父说的话是对的。故选 B。 【点睛】完形填空主要是考查学生对英语的综合运用能力。其解题技巧之一，就是要结合上 下文语境推出最佳答案。在做题过程中要注意“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如在第 2 小题中，询问是谁重视我们的教育，结合上下文语境，根据第一段中提到的 my mom telling neighbors 可知，此处应该是作者的父母。故选 D。 第二节 (共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For teacher Suzanne Cohen, film is a powerful tool to build ____41____ understanding of the world. She ____42____ (run) film-making projects with young people for two decades, and has made a point of addressing difficult and sensitive topics. Documentaries have looked at the refugee crisis, mental health, and ____43____(live) with a disability. " I didn't have this when I was a kid, "she says:" It’s quite an ___44___(impress) thing to be able to do. Often I,m not sure ____45____ they are going to like the topic, but they just seem to love to get their teeth ____46____an issue and doing something controversial." Cohen, ____47____is also a lecturer at London Metropolitan University, ____48____ (award) educator of the year at the Into Film Awards for her work with young people in London last year. The film-making courses is open to those ___49___ (age) between 13 and 19, as part of Camden Summer, University (CSU). All courses at CSU are free and run by _____50_____ (volunteer), and range from music production and singing workshops to woodwork for young people with learning disabilities. 【答案】41. an 42. has been running/has run 43. living 44. impressive 45. if/whether - 22 - 46. into 47. who 48. was awarded 49. aged 50. volunteers 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Suzanne Cohen 作为电影制片人，针对弱势群体拍摄纪录片并 获奖。 【41 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对于 Suzanne Cohen 老师来说，电影是建立世界观的重要工具。understanding 是元音音素开头的形容词，故填 an。 【42 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：她已经和年轻人一起运行电影项目 20 年了。for two decades 表示这 件事已经持续了 20 年了，并且还有可能继续做下去，故选用现在完成时或现在完成进行时， 故填 has been running/has run。 【43 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：纪录片着眼于难民危机、精神健康和残疾人的生活。live with a disability 和 the refugee crisis, mental health 并列，故填动名词形式，故填 living。 【44 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是一件令人印象深刻的事情。impress 在句中作 thing 的定语，故填 impressive。 【45 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我经常不确定他们是否会喜欢这样的话题。宾语从句中不缺成分，且 表示“是否”的含义，故填 if/whether。 【46 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：但是他们似乎喜欢关注有争议的事件。get teeth into sth.全心投入 做某事，故填 into。 【47 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：Cohen，伦敦城市大学讲师，因去年在伦敦为年轻人所做的工作，被授 予 Into Film Awards 的年度教育家。此句为非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cohen，指人并且 在句中作主语，故填 who。 【48 题详解】 - 23 - 考查被动语态。句意：Cohen，伦敦城市大学讲师，因去年在伦敦为年轻人所做的工作，被授 予 Into Film Awards 的年度教育家。Cohen 和 award 之间是被动关系，根据句中 last year 可知，此句是一般过去时，故填 was awarded。 【49 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：电影制作课程为年龄为 13 到 19 岁的人开设的。age 作 those 的后置 定语，表示被动，故填 aged。 【50 题详解】 考查名词。句意：CSU 的所有课程都是免费的，由志愿者负责上课。volunteer 是可数名词， 且表示复数，故填 volunteers。 第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Dear Sir, I think it important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with houseworks. Children these days, depend on their parents too much. They are always asked, "Could you get this for me? " or"Could you help me with that? " Doing chores help to develop children's independence and teach them how to look after themselves. It also helps them to understand idea of fairness. Though they live in one house with their parents, but they should know that everyone should do their part in keep it clean and tidy. Our neighbor’s son got into college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of him. As a result, he often fall ill and his grades dropped. The earlier kids learn to be independence, the better it is of their future. Tommy 【答案】第一处：houseworks→ housework - 24 - 第二处：asked→ asking 第三处：help→ helps 第四处：idea 前加 the 第五处：but 删除 第六处：keep→ keeping 第七处：him→ himself 第八处：fall→ fell 第九处：independence →independent 第十处：of →for 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一封书信，作者在信中向对方阐述了青少年学习做家务的必要性。 【详解】第一处：考查名词的数。句意：我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助父母 做家务是非常重要的。housework 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故 houseworks 改为 housework。 第二处：考查时态语态。句意：他们总是问，“你能帮我拿这个吗？”或者“你能帮我吗？” They 与 ask 之间是主动关系，“are”表明用的是现在进行时，此处需要用现在分词，故 asked 改为 asking。 第三处：考查主谓一致。句意：做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性，教会他们如何照顾自己。 动名词短语 Doing chores 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故 help 改为 helps。 第四处：考查定冠词。句意：这也有助于他们理解公平的理念。表示具体的想法或概念时， idea 是可数名词，根据“of fairness”可知此处表特指，应该用定冠词修饰，故 idea 前加 the。 第五处：考查连词。句意：虽然他们和父母住在一起，但是他们应该知道每个人都应该尽自 己的一份力量保持家里的干净和整洁。前面已经有 Though 了，此处不需要再用 but，故去掉 but。 第六处：考查非谓语动词。句意同上，作介词 in 的宾语用动名词，故 keep 改为 keeping。 第七处：考查反身代词。句意：我们邻居的儿子上了大学，但在大一时，他都不知道如何照 顾自己。根据句意可知此处表示“他自己”，故 him 改为 himself。 第八处：考查时态。句意：结果，他经常生病，而且成绩也下降了。陈述的是过去的事情， - 25 - 应该用一般过去时。故 fall 改为 fell。 第九处：考查形容词。句意：孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。分析句子结构可知 此处用形容词作表语，故 independence 改为 independent。 第十处：考查介词。句意同上，根据句意可知此处表示“对”，用 for 引出逻辑宾语，故 of 改为 for。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) 52.假如你是李华，想通过阅读自己感兴趣的英文书籍来提高英语水平，于是写信给英国朋友 Steve，请他推荐相关书籍，内容包括： 1. 写信的意图； 2. 自己目前的英文水平； 3. 你希望他推荐书籍类型及原因。 注意:1 词数 100 左右(开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数)； 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 Dear Steve, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Steve, How is everything going on? Recently, I want to improve my English by reading English books that interest me. But I don't know what kind of book is suitable for my current level. So I am writing this letter to ask for help. My current English level can only do some simple communication. At the same time, I can't speak out my ideas fluently in English. As for the books, I hope I can read some books related to daily communication. Because I want to improve my spoken English as soon as possible so that I can convey what I want to say freely - 26 - I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求给李华的朋友 Steve 写一封求助信。请他推荐一些关于提高 英语水平的书。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。 结构：总分法。 要求： 1.写信的意图； 2.自己目前的英文水平； 3.你希望他推荐书籍类型及原因。 第二步：列提纲（重点短语） improve my English；is suitable for；ask for help；related to； 第三步：连词成句 1.Recently, I want to improve my English by reading English books that interest me. 2.But I don't know what kind of book is suitable for my current level 3.So I am writing this letter to ask for help. 4.As for the book, I hope I can read some books related to daily communication. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序：提出写信目的；阐述自己现状和要求；最后希望得到回复。 2.表示并列补充关系：At the same time；As for； so that 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：Recently, I want to improve my English by reading English books that interest me；非谓语动词：As for the book, - 27 - I hope I can read some books related to daily communication.；原因状语从句：Because I want to improve my spoken English as soon as possible so that I can convey what I want to say freely 等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。 - 28 -