2021届河北省高三上学期10月联考英语试题（教师版含解析） 23页

2020～2021 学年河北省高三年级上学期 10 月联考 英语 考生注意： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本 试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部 分听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到 答题卡上。 第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What is the weather like now? A. It’s sunny. B. It’s rainy. C. It’s cloudy. 2. Who won the race? A. Kyle Nash. B. Michael Robinson. C. Chris Scott. 3. When will the man go to the library? A. On Saturday. B. On Sunday. C. On Monday. 4. How many members are there in the man’s lab now? A. Two. B. Five. C. Seven. 5. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Mother and son. C. Colleagues. 第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分) 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What is the man looking for? A. A modern hotel. B. A comfortable hotel. C. An inexpensive hotel. 7. Where does the conversation most likely take place? A. In restaurant. B. In a hotel. C. In a street. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. How did the woman get the skirt? A. She bought it. B. She made it by herself. C. Her parents gave it to her. 9. Where did the woman get the cloth? A. In small cloth store. B. In Baijia Supermarket. C. In Hongtu Department Store. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Why does Tony have to go to his parents’? A. To have a vocation. B. To help them build house. C. To take them to the party. 11. What is the woman going to wear to the party? A. Work suit. B. Formal dress. C. Casual clothes. 12. What will the woman bring? A. A side dish. B. A bottle of wine. C. Some soft drinks. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Which city is the man in now? A. New York. B. Boston. C. Los Angeles. 14. What color is the man’s coat? A. White. B. Dark grey. C. Black. 15. How many pockets are there in the man’s coat? A. None. B. One. C. Two. 16. What does the woman do? A. A waitress in a hotel. B. worker at Lost&. Found. C. A saleswoman in a shop 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What is the speaker’s father’s job? A. A waiter. B. A chef. C. A restaurant owner. 18. How many times did the speaker attend the Healthy Lunchtime Challenge? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. 19. How old may the speaker be? A. Eight years old. B. Ten years old. C. Twelve years old. 20. What did the speaker do last Friday? A. He visited the White House. B. He took part in a cooking contest. C. He gave a speech on healthy eating. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are some libraries in Shandong province.Have a look and visit them in your spare time. Shandong Provincial Library Shandong Provincial Library, well known for its long history and luxurious collections,is one of the top 10 libraries in China.The library holds 6.12 million volumes.It has 44 service stations,with an average daily reception of 5,000 visitors.It also exchanges documents and literature works with Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom at irregular intervals.Opening Hours: 8:30 am-7:00 pm, closed every Monday afternoon (except for national holidays) Add:2912, Erhuan East Road, Licheng district (at the intersection of Hualong Road) Qingdao Library Qingdao Library is a cultural landmark in Qingdao.It is an intelligent and modern library with 100 staff and 1.23 million volumes.It consists of a total of 32 halls and rooms, as well as newly-developed lecture halls, exhibition centers and electronic reading rooms, with more than 1,900 seats.The library remains open every day. Opening Hours:8:30 am-5:30 pm Add:109 Yanji Road, Qingdao, East China's Shandong province Lijin Library Lijin Library was founded in 1956 and rebuilt in 1993.It has 56,000 books, more than 1,000 bound volumes of newspaper, 5,000 bound volumes of journals, 120 thread-bound(线装的)ancient Chinese books and more than one TB of digital books.The library has three service stations, receiving more than 92,000 visitors every year. Opening Hours: From Monday to Sunday 8:00 am-11:00 am; 2:00 pm-5:00 pm Add:568 Jin'er Road, Lijin county, Dongying city, East China's Shandong province 1. What is special about Shandong Provincial Library? A. It ranks the tenth in China. B. It keeps open from Monday to Sunday. C. It has the largest book collections in China. D. It exchanges resources with some foreign countries. 2. How long does Qingdao Library run per day? A. 6 hours. B. 9 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 10 hours and a half. 3. What do we know about Lijin Library? A. It opens all day long. B. It has many ancient Chinese books. C. It has 100 staff with three service stations. D. It has the most volumes of books among the three. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山东省三座图书馆，包括各自的基本历史、藏书情况、开馆时间及地理位置。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。由山东省图书馆的内容，尤其是“It also exchanges documents and literature works with Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom at irregular intervals.”可知，该图书馆不定期与日本、美国和英国交流 文献和文学作品。而在另外两个图书馆都没有与国外交流资料，D 项正确。A 选项称山东省图书馆是中国排 名第十的图书馆，而原文则称它“is one of the top 10 libraries in China”(是中国前十之一的图书馆)，并没有 显示具体名次，A 项错误；B 选项称从周一到周日营业，而原文称它“closed every Monday afternoon”(周一 下午不营业)，B 项错误；C 项称它有中国最大的馆藏，而原文只是说它馆藏奢侈(luxurious)，没说最大 (largest)，C 项错误。结合选项可知，故选 D 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。由青岛图书馆的内容，“Opening Hours:8:30 am-5:30 pm”(上午 8:30 至下午 5:30 开门)可知， 该图书馆的开业时长为 9 小时。故选 B 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。由利津县图书馆的内容，“It has 56,000 books, more than 1,000 bound volumes of newspaper, 5,000 bound volumes of journals, 120 thread-bound(线装的)ancient Chinese books”( 拥有图书 56000 册，报纸 精装 1000 多册，期刊精装 5000 册，中国古籍 120 册)可知，该馆藏有多册中国古籍，B 项正确；A 项称它 全天开放，而原文“Opening Hours: From Monday to Sunday 8:00 am-11:00 am; 2:00 pm-5:00 pm”( 开放时间: 星期一至星期日上午 8 时至上午 11 时; 下午 2 时至下午 5 时)，并非全天开放，A 项错误；C 项中称它有三 个服务站和 100 名员工，而原文中则只称“The library has three service stations”(该图书馆有三个服务站)，没 有说员工的数量，因此 C 项错误；D 项称它是三个图书馆中藏书最多的，而原文中“It has 56,000 books”(它 藏有 5 万 6 千本书)，而山东省图书馆，“The library holds 6.12 million volumes”( 藏书为 613 万册)，通过比 较可知，利津县图书馆不是图书最多的，D 项错误。故选 B 项。 【点睛】说明文主要包括事物说明文和事理说明文，说明文一般呈现出条理清晰、逻辑严谨的特点，说明 文的语言要求准确、科学。了解了这些特点，我们还要知道阅读理解的题型一般包括：细节理解题、语义 猜测题、主旨大意题、判断推理题等。本篇文章涉及比较多的是细节理解提。细节类问题一般都能在原文 中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是 用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。比如第 1 题中，原文中是“It also exchanges documents and literature works with Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom at irregular intervals.” ， 而 给 的 选 项 中 是 “It exchanges resources with some foreign countries.”，表述不一样，但是意思一样，是正确答案。 B Last week,84-year-old Janet Fein received her bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at Dallas.Fein has had a full life.She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77.But even then, she was not ready to take it easy and rest.She said she decided to major in sociology because she felt it was very important. Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City.She just wanted to get a job in high school.After graduating at the age of 16, she went to work as a secretary.After getting married, she spent 18 years staying home with her children.She held several jobs throughout her life, including 20 years as a secretary at a hospital.She also worked for 20 years on earning an associate degree.But Fein also wanted to earn a bachelor's degree “with all of my heart”. Even with all of her life experiences, she still enjoyed reading, writing papers and learning new things. Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep fit.Carmel Dyer, director of the UT Health Consortium on Aging at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, says keeping active and giving yourself something to look forward to “is just a really positive move”。 Fein kept going to class even as her health conditions worsened.During her studies, it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she required oxygen.She also developed knee problems.Therefore, Fein took online classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements.Her college advisor Sheila Rollerson said Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties.“She just kept plugging along," Rollerson said. 4. What was Janet Fein's last work before she retired? A. A teacher. B. A secretary. C. A nurse. D. A doctor. 5. What did Janet Fein want to do most after earning an associate degree? A. Get a bachelor's degree. B. Keep fit by exercises. C. Read all kinds of books. D. Find a job at the hospital. 6. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Life should be full of adventures. B. People should have their own views. C. Further study benefits the old's health. D. Healthy lifestyle is just to keep active. 7. What do you think of Janet Fein? A. Honest. B. Determined. C. Generous. D. Kind. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位 84 岁的老人实现了从大学毕业的人生目标的故事。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 Fein has had a full life. She has raised five children and then had a career as a secretary until she retired at age 77.(Fein 过着充实的生活。她养育了 5 个孩子，在 77 岁退休前一直从事秘书 工作。)可知，她在退休前是一名秘书。故选 B。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句 But Fein also wanted to earn a bachelor's degree “with all of my heart”.( 但 费恩也“全心全意”地想要获得学士学位。)可知，获得副学士学位后，Fein 最想要的是一个学士学位。故选 A。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第一句 Health experts say continuing with education later in life is one way to keep fit.( 健康专家说，晚年继续接受教育是保持健康的一种方法。)可知，继续学习有益于老年人的健康。 故选 C。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句 Her college advisor Sheila Rollerson said Fein never showed signs of giving up even with all of her difficulties.“She just kept plugging along," Rollerson said.( 她的大学指导老师希拉·罗勒 森说费恩从来没有表现出放弃的迹象，即使面对她所有的困难。罗勒森说:“她只是坚持不懈。”)可知，Janet Fein 是一个意志坚定的人。故选 B。 C Many of the world’s largest brewers (啤酒商) are using new technologies to replace single-use, plastic six-pack beer rings with more sustainable materials. Though mostly being used in small test trials, full adoption could have a positive environmental impact. Carlsberg, for example, is using glue to adhere cans in a production method that the Danish brewer says would avoid using 1,200 tons of plastic yearly, or the equal of 60 million plastic bags, once fully adopted. Brewers have zeroed in on plastic six-pack-ring packaging partly because most consumers can recall the miserable image of a seagull, turtle, or some other aquatic (水生的) creature trapped or killed by the plastic rings. The packaging is so deep-rooted in our culture that many children were taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death. The rings developed by E6PR (Edible Six Pack Ring) programme, which is led by another brewery called Saltwater, are now used by 35 brewers across the globe, including in Africa, Europe, and Australia. These rings are made of waste wheat in beer production. The final goal is to ensure that the rings can be eaten harmlessly by aquatic creatures or break down in nature within a matter of weeks rather than the years it would take for plastic. Giving up plastic straws and beer rings may help consumers feel better about their carbon footprint, but some experts say we should focus on other efforts. Recycling rates in the U.S.stand at just over 34%. Glass, in which many brewers bottle their beer, can be difficult to recycle and large to transport. If brewers were to focus on using thinner glass, some experts say, the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings. There’s also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, they’ll be more likely to litter. “The idea of creating something that’s litter-friendly is an issue in my mind,” says Nina Goodrich, executive director of environmental nonprofit GreenBlue. “What we need in North America is a better system to encourage collection and sorting.” 8. What does the underlined word “adhere” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Collect. B. Stick. C. Open. D. Reuse. 9. Why were children taught to cut up the plastic rings? A. To collect the rings for recycling. B. To make the rings break down more easily. C. To prevent the rings harming aquatic animals. D. To increase children’s awareness of loving nature. 10. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4? A. Low recycling rates in the U.S. B. Benefits of giving up plastic beer rings. C. Difficulty in transporting beer glass bottles. D. Another way to protect the environment. 11. What’s the risk of the E6PR rings? A. They will be thrown away more casually. B. They will not be accepted by consumers. C. They will be more difficult to recycle. D. They will be still made of plastic. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。世界上许多大的啤酒商正在使用新技术来代替一次性塑料啤酒捆绑环，以减少对水生 生物和环境的危害。 【8 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文“is using glue to…”可知，这家丹麦啤酒制造商表示，一旦完全采用这种用胶水粘 啤酒罐的生产方法，每年将避免使用 1200 吨塑料，相当于 6000 万个塑料袋。adhere 的意思是“粘贴”， 与 stick 是同义词。故选 B。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Brewers …The packaging is so deep-rooted in our culture that many children were taught to cut up the rings to lessen the chance that an animal might choke itself to death.”可知，酿酒商将注意力 集中在六环塑料包装上，部分原因是大多数消费者能想起海鸥、海龟或其他水生生物被塑料环困住或杀死 的悲惨形象。这种包装在我们的文化中是如此根深蒂固，以至于许多孩子被教导要把塑料环切碎，以减少 动物窒息而死的机会。由此可知，我们的孩子被教导把塑料环切碎是为了阻止对水生生物的伤害。故选 C 。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“If brewers were to focus on using thinner glass, some experts say, the improvement could prove even more beneficial to the environment than giving up plastic rings.”可知，如果啤酒 厂专注于使用更薄的玻璃，这一改进将被证明比放弃塑料环对环境更有益。由此推断，作者在本段主要介 绍了另一种保护环境的方法。故选 D。 【11 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“There’s also the risk that if consumers think their E6PR rings are less harmful, they’ll be more likely to litter.”可知，还有一个风险是，如果消费者认为他们的 E6PR 塑料环危害较 小，他们就更有可能乱扔垃圾。由此可知，E6PR 塑料环的风险在于它们会被更随意地丢弃。故选 A 。 【点睛】一般定位关键词适用于解答细节理解题。通过定位关键词解题，考生在阅读题干时，把题干中有 标记意义的词或词组标记出来，或者选项中的关键词，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。如小题 4 题干中 的 the risk of the E6PR rings，回到原文最后一段，可以帮助快速找出答案。 D Astronauts on the International Space Station will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. A spaceship carrying the cooking equipment and other supplies was launched on Saturday from the Wallops Flight Facility in the United States. The shipment, weighing 3,700 kilograms, reached the space station on Monday.The goal is to explore the possibility of making freshly baked cookies for space travelers. American company Nanoracks designed and built the oven and helped with organizing the flight to the space station.Hilton DoubleTree hotels supplied the cookie dough(生面团)the astronauts will use. In the past,space station crews have created their own pizzas using a thin,flat piece of bread known as flatbread.Astronauts have tried other creative ways to make food, such as creating salads from vegetables grown in the space station.Results have been mixed. The cookie baking will be a slow process.The oven can heat just one cookie at a time.The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies. Five unbaked cookies have been in a space station freezer for several weeks.Each is in its own individual clear bag made out of silicone.The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177 degrees Celsius.That is twice the temperature of the U.S.and Russian food warmers on the space station.The oven uses electric heating elements. Mary Murphy is with Nanoracks.Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 minutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163 degrees Celsius.She adds that the smell of baking cookies should fill the space station each time a cookie comes out of the oven. The oven's first use will be the real test.Without the force of gravity, the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie will look.Three of the space-baked cookies are to be returned to Earth for testing. 12. Which of the following can best describe the new oven test? A. Time-consuming. B. Energy-saving. C. Meaningless. D. Successful. 13. What's the advantage of the new oven over the Russian food warmer? A. It heats up much faster. B. It's more convenient to use. C. It has a larger cooking space. D. It can heat up to a higher temperature. 14. What will make the cookie's appearance in the new oven uncertain? A. The baking time. B. The heating method. C. The absence of gravity. D. The speed of temperature rise. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Cooking Equipment in Space Station B. Cookies Coming from the International Space Station C. Creative Ways Astronauts Make Food in Space Station D. A New Oven to Be Tested to Make Cookies in Space Station 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射升空。 国际空间站的字航员将很快测试这种可以制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 The cookie baking will be a slow process. The oven can heat just one cookie at a time. The test could take weeks before the astronauts have chance to try out freshly baked cookies.(烤饼干是一个缓慢 的过程。烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干。测试可能需要数周时间，宇航员才有机会品尝新鲜出炉的饼干)和倒 数第二段 Murphy says she expects a baking time of 15 to 20 minutes for each cookie when the oven is heated to about 163 degrees Celsius. (当烤箱加热到 163 摄氏度左右时，她希望每块饼干的烘焙时间为 15 到 20 分钟) 根据烤箱每次烤饼干的时间和容量可知，新烤箱测试是比较耗时的，故选 A。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段The oven can heat foods to temperatures as high as 177 degrees Celsius. That is twice the temperature of the U.S. and Russian food warmers on the space station.(这个烤箱可以将食物加热到 177 摄氏度。 这是美国和俄罗斯空间站上食物加热器温度的两倍)可知，新烤箱比俄国食物加热器加热的温度更高，故选 D。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Without the force of gravity, the astronauts do not know exactly how the cookie will look.可知在太空没有重力，宇航员不知道饼干到底会烤成什么样子。即失重会导致饼干外观的不确定性， 故选 C。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句 Astronauts on the International Space Station will soon test a new oven for making chocolate chip cookies. 可知，文章谈论的话题是国际空间站的宇航员们将很快测试 一种制作巧克力曲奇饼的新烤箱。D 项：A New Oven to Be Tested to Make Cookies in Space Station 概括了文 章内容，适合作为标题。故选 D。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 The Tricks to Conquer the Worst Day of Your Life We have all had bad days, and some days feel like the world is upon our shoulders and we just can't bear the weight of it any longer.___16___Consider these tricks when surviving the worst day of your life. Bless or reflect. When you have the worst day of your life, turning to blessing or reflection can conquer any bad mood._______17_______Others like to spend time writing in journals to express their feelings.The point of the quiet time is to release the bad mood of your day. Reach out to others. When you are feeling like your world has ended, you need to reach out to others for help.Sometimes this might mean seeking professional help if you are in a state of depression, or it might simply mean talking to a well-trusted friend.___18___ Change your mental state. Sometimes it is just a matter of turning them into active thoughts.___19___ Once you are able to do that, you will see that it really was not the worst day ever after all. ___20___ Take the worst day ever and set goals for yourself to make changes to whatever you can that will turn that day into a growth experience that moves you forward rather than sets you back.What could you do differently if this situation might happen again? Setting goals makes you forward. A. Set goals. B. Love yourself. C. You will see the rainbow sooner or later. D. Sometimes it takes a change in your mental state to overcome it. E. There are ways to conquer those feelings and breathe fresh air again. F. Whomever you choose to reach out to, open up so that it doesn't conquer you. G. Some people feel relief when they find a quiet place and time to reflect on the day's events. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种度过你生活中最糟糕的时光的方式。 【详解】1.空格后意思是“当处在生活中最糟糕的一天时，可以考虑下这些技巧”，而 E 项“有一些可以征 服这些情感，再次呼吸到新鲜的空气的方法”，句意上下衔接，且 ways 与 tricks 相呼应，故选 E。 2. 空后“另外一些人通过写日记来表达他们的感情”与 G 项“一些人在找到一个安静的地方和时间来反思 当天发生的事情时，会感到如释重负”前后形成并列关系，介绍了不同的人反思的方法，且 some 与 others 对应，故选 G。 3.本段的主旨是“Reach out to others 走出去向别人求助”，而 F 项“无论你向谁寻求帮助，一定要敞开心胸 以使这种情绪不会征服你”符合主旨大意。其中 reach out 在主旨句和选项中重复出现，为提示词，it 指上 一句中的 depression，故选 F。 4.第四段第一句“有时候只需要把它转化为积极的想法”与 D 项“有时候，为了克服它，你需要改变自己 的心态”形成并列关系，sometimes 是关键词。故选 D。 5.分析文章结构可知，此空与本文加黑字体句式上保持一致，都是祈使句，所以答案在 A 和 B 中，再根据 空格下一段“Take the worst day ever and set goals for yourself to make changes to whatever you can that will turn that day into a growth experience that moves you forward rather than sets you back.从最糟糕的一天开始，为 自己设定目标，做一些力所能及的改变，把这一天变成一段让你前进而不是后退的成长经历”可知，本段 讲设定目标使你前进的事，而 A 项“设定目标”符合要求，故选 A。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our lives changed tracks the day our daughter was born. My wife and I felt ____21____ in the UK—we’d even bought a house 6 months earlier—but the ____22____ of our daughter forced a moment of ____23____. We wondered whether we should ____24____ to our native Brazil. In our native country, we’d be closer to our family and ____25____. But in the UK, I had the funding and lab resources I needed for my costly and highly specialized research program. Would such a move ____26____ my career? Then, a few weeks later, I received a call from my brother, who told me that our father had passed away. The great ____27____ I had about my daughter’s birth suddenly gave way to a deep sadness. I felt that I was ____28____ precious time with my loved ones. After that, we had no ____29____ that it was the right time to move back to Brazil. We applied for the professorships in our hometown and both received offers. It wasn’t _____30_____ to start my research in Brazil, however. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. I was able to perform a few experiments myself _____31_____ the expensive reagents (试剂) I had brought with me from my lab in the UK, as well as equipment I _____32_____ with other Brazil professors. Eventually, I _____33_____ Brazilian funding, which allowed me to _____34_____ a team of bright undergraduate and graduate students and buy reagents and lab equipment on my own. Looking back, I’m content that my wife and I made the _____35_____ to move back to our home country. I was able to take up Brazilian jujitsu (柔术) training, which hadn’t been able to do during my years abroad. 21. A. settled B. misled C. abandoned D. misunderstood 22. A. discovery B. memory C. survival D. arrival 23. A. celebration B. consideration C. interruption D. weakness 24. A. return B. submit C. respond D. keep 25. A. career B. future C. culture D. school 26. A. blame B. sink C. expose D. mark 27. A. burden B. expectation C. happiness D. sympathy 28. A. wasting B. regaining C. listing D. losing 29. A. chance B. doubt C. right D. reason 30. A. easy B. lucky C. rare D. fair 31. A. but for B. thanks to C. instead of D. regardless of 32. A. developed B. compared C. discussed D. shared 33. A. supported B. perfected C. obtained D. valued 34. A. treat B. form C. defeat D. tease 35. A. decision B. attempt C. living D. mistake 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作为一位旅居国外的科学家，女儿的出生让作者陷入沉思：归国能让女儿 接触自己的家人和文化，但是会不会毁了自己的事业？但作者回首往事，并不后悔回国的决定。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安顿下来，我们甚至在 6 个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到 来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A. settled 定居、安顿；B. misled 误导；C. abandoned 抛弃；D. misunderstood 误 解。由下文的“we’d even bought a house 6 months earlier”可知，作者 6 个月前就买了一套房子，说明作者 要在英国安顿下来。故选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安顿下来，我们甚至在 6 个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到 来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A. discovery 发现；B. memory 记忆；C. survival 生存；D. arrival 到来。由上文的 “our daughter was born”可知，女儿出生，到来了这个世界。故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子在英国安顿下来，我们甚至在 6 个月前就买了一套房子，但女儿的到 来迫使我不得不考虑一下。A. celebration 庆祝；B. consideration 考虑；C. interruption 打断；D. weakness 虚 弱。由上下文语境可知，作者 6 个月前就买了一套房子，要在英国安顿下来，但女儿到来后，作者却思考 是否应该回到自己的祖国巴西，说明女儿的到来使作者考虑是否归国一事。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想知道我们是否应该回到我们的祖国巴西。A. return 返回；B. submit 递交； C. respond 回应；D. keep 保持。由下文的“In our native country, we’d be closer to our family and ____5____” 可知，作者认为在自己的祖国会更接近自己的家人和文化，说明作者在考虑是否返回祖国巴西一事。故选 A 项。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的祖国，我们会更接近我们的家人和文化。A. career 事业；B. future 将来； C. culture 文化；D. school 学校。由常识可知，因土生土长，人在自己的祖国会更接近自己的家人和文化。 故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样的举动会毁了我的事业吗？A. blame 责备；B. sink 沉没；C. expose 暴露； D. mark 作记号。由上下文语境可知，上文提到作者在英国有资金和实验室资源，下文提到作者回到巴西后 没有得到任何启动资金，昂贵试剂也没有，说明回国后的条件不好，作者认为回国会毁了自己的事业，sink 本意为“沉没”，“使事业沉没”在此处引申义为“毁了事业”。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对女儿出生的巨大快乐突然间变成了深深的悲伤。A. burden 负担；B. expectation 期望；C. happiness 快乐、幸福；D. sympathy 同情。由常识可知，孩子出生，作为父母的作者自然感到幸福 快乐，而知道父亲过世后，这种快乐变成了悲伤。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我觉得我失去了和我爱的人在一起的宝贵时间。A. wasting 浪费；B. regaining 重 新获得；C. listing 列举；D. losing 失去。由上文语境可知，作者一直在国外，肯定很少和家人在一起，父亲 的过世让作者意识到他失去了和自己爱的人在一起的宝贵时间。故选 D 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们毫不怀疑现在是时候回到巴西了。A. chance 机会；B. doubt 怀 疑；C. right 权力；D. reason 理由。由下文语境可知，作者回到了祖国巴西，此处指作者毫不怀疑现在是时 候回到巴西了。故选 B 项。 【30 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。A. easy 容易的；B. lucky 幸运的；C. rare 稀少的；D. fair 公平的。由下文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，能做实验还多亏了从英 国实验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备，说明在巴西开始研究并不容易。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我能够自己做一些实验，多亏了我从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂，以及我与其 他巴西教授共享的设备。A. but for 要不是；B. thanks to 多亏；C. instead of 代替；D. regardless of 忽视。由 上下文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，条件艰苦，研究不易，能做实验还多亏了从英 国实验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能够自己做一些实验，多亏了我从英国实验室带来的昂贵试剂，以及我与其 他巴西教授共享的设备。A. developed 发展；B. compared 比较；C. discussed 讨论；D. shared 共享。由上下 文语境可知，作者回到巴西后没有得到任何启动资金，条件艰苦，研究不易，能做实验还多亏了从英国实 验室带来的昂贵试剂以及与其他巴西教授共享的设备。故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我获得了巴西的资助，使我得以组建一支由聪明的本科生和研究生组成 的团队，并自行购买试剂和实验室设备。A. supported 支持；B. perfected 使完善；C. obtained 获得；D. valued 重视。由下文语境可知，作者能组建团队并自行购买试剂和实验室设备，说明作者获得了巴西的资助。故 选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，我获得了巴西的资助，使我得以组建一支由聪明的本科生和研究生组成 的团队，并自行购买试剂和实验室设备。A. treat 对待；B. form 组成；C. defeat 击败；D. tease 取笑。由上 文语境可知，作者获得了巴西的资助，所以有能力组建自己的研究团队并自行购买试剂和实验室设备。故 选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我对妻子和我决定搬回祖国感到满意。A. decision 决定；B. attempt 尝试；C. living 谋生；D. mistake 错误。由上文的“Looking back”可知，作者此时回忆起自己做出回国决定 的这件事，对此感到满意。故选 A 项。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals.The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get___36___(they) famously brilliant color from algae(藻类)living inside them. When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or ___37___ (pollute),they end their interdependent relationship with this algae,typically forcing them out ___38___turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a bright neon color when stressed.Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化)，but they're ____39____ risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫功能低下)－and many ___40___ (eventual) starve and die, turning a dark brown. People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016, when an El Nino weather pattern, ___41___causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean, ___42___(mix) with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia's famous reefs ___43___(die) in following bleaching events, risking an underwater landscape 1,500 miles long. Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals.One option is ___44___ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.Scientists say creating marine shelter, where fishing, mining,and recreating are off limits, makes the reefs ___45___ (healthy), and so much stronger. 【答案】36. their 37. pollution 38. and 39. at 40. eventually 41. which 42. mixed 43. have died 44. to create/creating 45. healthier 【解析】 【分析】 本文是说明文。当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变成白色。 许多白化后的珊瑚最终饿死和死掉，为了使珊瑚礁更健康更强壮，科学家称创造海洋生物避难处，限制渔 业、开矿和再创造。 【36 题详解】 考查代词。句意：珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名的绚 烂颜色。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词 color，故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填 their 。 【37 题详解】 考查名词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变成白 色。根据并列连词 or 和前面的名词 temperatures 可知，此处应用名词与 temperatures 并列，故填其名词形式。 故填 pollution 。 【38 题详解】 考查连词。句意：当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染，他们结束和藻类的共生关系，迫使藻类离开，珊瑚褪变成白 色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式 forcing 和 turning，且意义表顺接，应使用并列连词 and。故填 and。 【39 题详解】 考查介词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死和死 掉，变成深棕色。固定搭配 at risk，意为"处于危险中"。故填 at 。 【40 题详解】 考查副词。句意：珊瑚白化时还活着，但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死和死 掉，变成深棕色。修饰动词 starve 应使用其副词形式。故填 eventualy。 【41 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大堡礁 三分之一的珊瑚。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 pattern，在从句中作主语，指物，故填 which。 【42 题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的海洋暖化杀死了大堡礁 三分之一的珊瑚。此处为谓语，与主语 El Nino weather pattern 为主谓关系。根据时间状语 2016 可知，此处 应使用一般过去时。另外，根据并列连词 and 和 killed 也可推断出答案。故填 mixed。 【43 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自从那会起，澳大利亚著名的珊瑚礁上一半的珊瑚在接下来的白化事件中死掉。分 析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语，根据时间状语 Since then 可知用现在完成时，主语 half the corals 是复数， 助动词用 have。故填 have died 。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option 的解 释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填 to create/creating 。 【45 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：科学家称创造海洋生物避难处，在那里渔业、开矿和再创造都是禁止的，来让珊瑚礁 更健康更强壮。根据并列连词 and 和其后的 stronger 可知，此处也应该使用比较级形式。故填 helthicr 。 【点睛】 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 46. 假定你是李华，你市博物馆欲招聘一名英文解说员并提供岗前培训，请你写封信申请该职位。内容包括： 1. 提出申请； 2. 介绍个人优势； 3. 表达期望。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：解说员 commentator Dear Sir or Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m Li Hua, a high school student. I’m writing this letter to apply to work as an English commentator in the city museum and I am willing to attend the training course. Personally, not only can the work help me enrich my knowledge, but it can make the visitors know better about our museum. On one hand, I have a good command of English, thus making the communication easier. On the other hand, I am outgoing and confident to deal with unexpected situations. I would be very grateful if you could give me a chance. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写封申请信，应聘市博物馆英文解说员的职位。 【详解】第一步：审题 1.体裁：提纲类作文 2.结构层次： 开头：1-2 句表达写信目的 中间：3-6 句介绍个人优势 结尾：1-2 句表达请求和盼复 3.时态：一般现在时、一般将来时 第二步：列提纲(重点词组) be willing to do…愿意做……；apply for sth.申请；attend 参加；not only…but also…不但……而且……；enrich 使丰富；have a good command of…精通……；deal with…处理……；give sb. a chance 给某人个机会；look forward to…盼望……。 第三步：连词成句 根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 1.I am willing to attend the training course. 2. Not only can the work help me enrich my knowledge, but it can make the visitors know better about our museum. 3. I have a good command of English, thus making the communication easier. 4. I am outgoing and confident to deal with unexpected situations. 5. I would be very grateful if you could give me a chance. 第四步：连句成篇(衔接词) 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/second…，And then，Finally，In the end，At last； 2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，As well as，not only…but (also)， including； 3.表转折对比关系：However，On the contrary，but，Although + clause(从句)，In spite of + n/doing，On the one hand…，On the other hand… ，Some…，while others…，as for，so…that…； 4.表因果关系：Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result。 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。 作者在范文中使用了倒装句，如：“Personally, not only can the work help me enrich my knowledge, but it can make the visitors know better about our museum.”，这句话用到了“not only…but also…不但……而且……” 这一短语，位于句首使用时需要用倒装句，并且遵循前倒后不倒的原则。全文思路清晰，层次分明，上下 句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节(满分 25 分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It's getting hot. It's time to put on lighter clothes and open up the windows. I can't wait to do so. Yesterday, an unforeseen visit to the kitchen happened during the brief time we were out. Two daring sparrows (麻雀) had risked landing on our territory to enjoy the freshness in our sink and some other breadcrumbs (面包屑) on our kitchen counter. Actually, sparrows are everywhere. The tiny, gray -and brown birds are found on every continent except Antarctica, flying or jumping around cities, picking up leftover food on side-walks, and sometimes chasing with native bird species. These small creatures have adapted to living alongside humans- similar to pet dogs. When you come across such sudden callers, you are likely to sense it as an unwanted visitor into your comfort zone, or you might receive it as a lovely angel of life. I chose the second option, with no hesitation while my husband preferred driving them away. After all, I've never come to stop to feel the relationship with sparrows. I recalled when I was a little girl living in the city, I lived in an apartment with a flat roof viewed from our kitchen window. Every day my mom and I would go out to feed the sparrows. She taught me how to call them with a clicking sound she made with her tongue. I have loved sparrows ever since. So every day in my spare time, I can't stop observing and celebrating their dance from our window. I stuffed them with the leftovers on our tablecloth after every meal. And I have provided them with every kind of bases and stands of our house. Undoubtedly, they feel at ease in our backyard. And that has led them to gather up courage and slide into our kitchen, bedroom or even reading room. Perhaps because they have the feeling that we don' t consider them trouble makers, but friendly neighbors. But I am slightly worried about their droppings (粪便). 注意: 1.续写词数应为 150 左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 One day, they left some droppings in my husband's reading room. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ About two weeks later, I heard my husband calling “Oh, my God!” ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One day, they left some droppings in my husband 's reading room. They happened to dirty his important work reports on the desk. He was so angry that he asked me to close the windows. I immediately did a thorough cleaning and promised that the doors and windows of the reading room will be closed tightly, and the sparrows can't break in again. My husband kept silent, and at last he calmed down. I know he is a caring person, who always loves animals. About two weeks later, I heard my husband calling “Oh, my God !” Thinking something similar happened again, I ran over to have a look. He was looking out of the window and said excitedly, “Look! What a surprise! There are three eggs in the sparrow's nest! They 're going to have babies of their own!” He was happy, like a child and unconsciously opened the closed window. After that, there are always breadcrumbs on the window platform of the reading room. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，在作者生活之处有许多麻雀，作者欢迎它们的到来， 在后院为它们准备了食物和落脚处，作者将它们当成了友好的邻居，只是有点担心它们的粪便。 【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：有一天，它们在我丈夫的书房里留下了一些粪便，所以应该 写粪便落在书桌上给丈夫带来的尴尬和懊恼，要详细描述丈夫的动作和心理，与作者的反应及应对措施等。 第二段开头是：大约两周后，我听到我丈夫说:“哦，天哪!”本段应该写丈夫的感叹、作者的好奇，并描述 事情的原委，以及丈夫对于麻雀态度的转变等等。要注意所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右，按要求完成写 作任务。 【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：do a thorough cleaning，break in，run over， have a look 等高级词汇；结果状语从句，如 He was so angry that he asked me to close the windows；宾语从句， 如 I immediately did a thorough cleaning and promised that the doors and windows of the reading room will be closed tightly, and the sparrows can't break in again；定语从句，如 I know he is a caring person, who always loves animals 等高级句式。