2012届高考一轮复习英语语法专项十三：代_词 15页

2012 届高考一轮复习语法专项十三：代 词 It 的用法 １．作人称代词 John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事 物)；/ It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指时间、天气、环境等) ２．引导词 Ａ．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。 It's important for us to learn a second language．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sun． B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。 We feel it our duty to help others．/ He made it clear that he would leave the city． C．强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分＋that (或who)… 注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为 when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。 It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句) It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从) It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句） It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句） 3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。 NMET2000，23． ---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________? A．it B．that C．one D．this NMET2001，25． The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in． A．they B．it C．one D．which one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文 提过的同一事物。 不定代词 不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。 1、both，either ，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both 可 用作同位语。 both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither 表"两 者都不"。 2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或 复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪 一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以 上)；所有的(不可数)。 e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect．/ All of the village was flooded． 3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody 表没有人，nothing 指没有 什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没 有，一点儿也没有"。 ----How many people are there in the hall ? ----None． ----who wants to go with him ? ----No one(Nobody)． ----What can you see in the bottle ? ----Nothing． ----Is there any water in it ? ----None． 4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或 the others)，other (或 other +复数名 词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表"再有"；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或 the others)，另外那些，表示 其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或 other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或 物中的另一些，泛指。 ---I don't like this，show me another one．(NMET 2000，16) If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15． A．another B．other C．more D．Each (A) 人称、物主、反身、指示代词 高考重点要求 1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。 2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌 握 it 的基本用法。 一．人称代词 1）分清主格和宾格形式。 eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A． you；me B．I；you C．you； you D．I；me 2)注意约定俗成的用法。 ---Who is it ? ---It's me ． ---I'd like to have a rest ． ---Me，too． 3）使用 we 和 you 泛指一般人 4)使用 she 代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等 China is a great country．She has a long history． 5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they 二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语， 构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。 三．反身代词 1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊 含义。 e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不 要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张， 喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？ 四．指示代词 （一）this，that，these those 1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而 that (those)常指时间和 空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine． 3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而 that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。 e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替 oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany． （二）such such 引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people． 做定语，注意和 so 的区别，尤其是在 so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可为 so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可数词前，不可用 so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在数量概念的 many，much，little， few 之前，不可用 such ) 练1、练习（一）、代 词 一、强化训练： 1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each 2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both 3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such 4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very 5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others 6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none 7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand. A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none 8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where, one 9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____? A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them 10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _____of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her 11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other 12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones 13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that 14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither 15. Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _____ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else 16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none 17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this 18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_____ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some 19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there 21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____! A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me 22. The temperature can fall to –30℃. _____ is,30°C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This 23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _____ could pass it. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody 24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half. A. every B. each C. another D. either 25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ . A. None, something B. Some, everything C. Few, something D. Few, nothing 26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue ____. A. one B. ones C. pair D. two 27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it. A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one 28. -Is he content to accept our offered price? -Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something 29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them. A. both B. none C. all D. any 30. You mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A. another B. the other C. others D. one 32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____. A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others 33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither 34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you. A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind 35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____? A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me 练2、练习（二）、代 词 二、高考题选： 1. Was it during the Second World War _____he died? (MET88) A．that B. while C. in which D. then 2. Is _____necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88H) A．everyone B. this C. her D. it 3．Is _____possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88) A．now B. that C. it D. man 4．His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____family was poor．(MET88) A．of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 5．_____leaves the room last ought to turn off the light． (MET88) A．Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6．_____writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? (MET88) A．Which B. What C. Either D. Whether 7．---Have you seen Tom and Mary? ---I haven' t seen _____of them．(MET88) A．neither B. any C. either D. all 8．Is _____necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) A．this B. that C. it D. he 9．All _____is needed is a supply of oil．(MET89) A．the thing B. that C. what D. which 10．His camera is more expensive than ______．(MET89) A．hers B. her C. it D. its 11 ． I don't think _____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．(MET90) A．this B. that C. its D. it 12．______of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret．(MET90) A．Each B. Any C. No one D. None 13．He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _____hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．(MET90) A．these B. those C. that D. which 14．Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _____．(MET90) A．their B. theirs C. her D. hers 15．I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but _____of them came．(NMET91) A．neither B. both C. either D. none 16．She heard a terrible noise，_____brought her heart into her mouth．(MET91) A．it B. which C. this D. that 17．We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _____of us had _____money on us．(MET91) A．all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 18．These plants are watered _____．(NMET91) A．each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 19．Alice received an invitation from her boss，_____came as a surprise．(NMET91) A．it B. that C. which D. he 20．Does _____matter if he can't finish the job on time? A．this B. that C. he D. it 21．Mr．Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____who had already taken them．(MET92) A．the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22．There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _____to buy． (MET92) A．what B. which C. how D. where 23．Although he's wealthy，he spends _____ on clothes．(NME792) A．little B. few C. a little D. a few 24．In the dark street，there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help．(MET92) A．that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 25．_____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．(MET93) A．What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 26．---Would you like some wine? ---Yes，just _____．(MET93) A．little B．very little C．a little D．little bit 27．Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _____didn't help．(MET93) A．he B．which C．she D．it 28．---Is _____here? ---No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．(MET93) A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody 29．---Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's? ---No ， but it's almost the same as _____．(NMET94) A．her B．yours C．them D．their 30．The weather turned out to be very good， _____was more than we could expect．(NMET94) A．what B．which C．that D．it 31．_____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．(NMET95) A．There B．This C．That D．It 32．They were very tired，but _____of them would stop to take a rest．(NMET95) A．any B．some C．none D．neither 33．I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _____．(NMET95) A．it B．those C．them D．one 34．---When shall we meet again? --Make it _____day you like; it's all the same to me．(NMET96) A．one B．any C．another D．some 35．Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _____．(NMET96 ) A．themselves B．oneself C．itself D．himself 36．I agree with most of what you said，but I don't agree with _____．(NMET97) A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_____stories by writers from _____ countries．(NMET97) A．some; any B．other; some C．some; other D．other; other 38．It was about 600 years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made．(NMET97) A．that B．until C．before D．when 39．I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full．(NMET98) A．it B．that C．these D．them 40．Dr．Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge．I can't remember _____．(NMET98) A．where B．there C．which D．hat 41．Why do you want a new job _____you've got such a good one already? (NMET98) A．that B．where C．which D．when 42 ． It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty．(NMET98) A．until B．that C．then D．so 43．Few pleasures can equal _____of a cool drink on a hot day．(NMET99) A．some B．any C．that D．those 44． If you want to change for a double--room you'll have to pay _____$15．(NMET2000 ) A．another B．other C．more D．each 45．---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have _____? (NMET2000) A．it B．that C．one D．this 46．It is the ability to do the job _____matters not where you come from or what you are．(NMET2000 ) A．one B．that C．what D．it 47．If this dictionary is not yours，_____can it be? (NMET2001) A．what else B．who else C．which else's D．who else's 48．Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _____for the poor．(2001 春招) A．more B．much C．many D．most 49．The Parkers bought a new house but _____will need a lot of work before they can move in．(NMET2001) A．they B．it C．one D． which 50．---He was nearly drowned once.（2002 春招） ---When was _____? ---_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; it B. this; this C. this; it D. that; this 语法复习十四：代 词 一、强化训练： 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 二、高考题选： 1．A 这是一个强调句式的一般疑问句。 2．D it 是形式主语，to 不定式是真正主语。 3．C 参看 2 题。 4．D family 与先行词 anyone 之间是所属关系。 5．C 在主语从句中，whoever 充当主语，指代人，相当于 anyone who。而 C 项 who 也 可引导名词性从句，但它具体指"是谁"。 6．A 特殊疑问句中的选择，用 which。 7．C 前一句只提到两个人。neither，either，both 仅用于表述两者的情况，而 any，all 表述多者的情况，且 I haven't seen either of them 相当于 I have seen neither of them。 8．C 可参看 2、3 题。 9．B all 是先行词，that 引导定语从句，且 all that=what。 10．A His camera 是句子的主语，也是信息词，应填名词性的物主代词 hers，它相当于 her camera。 11．D it 是形式宾语，to master…是真正宾语。此句还可说成 I don't think it is possible to…。可参看 2、3、8 题。 12．D A、B 项不符合句意。C 项 no one 后不接 of 短语。 13．D which 是定语从句中的关系代词，指代上文的 windows。A、B、C 项不能引导定 语从句，且填进去后，两个分句缺少连词。 14．B 可参看 10 题。 15．A 前文提到邀请两个人，两个人都没来，故用 neither 参看 7 题。 16．B which 引导非限定性定语从句。which 指代前面一句话。如果两个分句是由 and 连接，则 A、C、D 项也对。 17．C A 项中的 all 放在否定句中，是部分否定，与上文 we couldn't eat in a restaurant 矛 盾，B 项不符语法，n 项 no one 后不接 of 短语，且只指代人。 18．B every other day 每隔一天，是习惯用法。 19．C which 在非限定性定语从句中指代前面一句话。可参看 16 题。 20．D 考生非常熟悉 It doesn't matter 这一句型，该题现在是一般疑问句，it 是 matter 的主语，if 引导条件状语从句。 21．A C、D 项不能做定语从句的先行词来指代上文的 the pupils，只能用 the ones，因 为它被限定性定语从句所修饰，表特指。该句的意思是："张先生把教科书分给了所有的学 生，那些已经拿走了的学生除外。" 22．B 原题中的 so many kinds of tape-recorders 暗示考生要买的是录音机，故排除 A 项。 因为有这么多种类，因此不能决定买哪个。C、D 项是连接副词，不能做 buy 的宾语。 23．A B、D 项应排除，它们指代可数名词的复数。全句意为："虽然他很富有，但很少 花钱买衣服。"故 C 项不符句意。 24．D turn at sb．for help 是惯用法，在定语从句中把 to 提前与 whom 构成介词十关系 代词。 25．A 主语从句中缺少宾语，故 what 充当。 26．C 原题中的答语 Yes 暗示考生应选表示肯定意义的 a little．A、B 项表示否定意义。 27．D it 指代前面一句话。因有 but，故前后为并列句，不用关系代词(which)只用代词 it。 28．C Is everybody here?"都到齐了吗"，Is anybody here?"这里有人吗?"B 项 some body 可用在表示征求对方意见，并希望得到对方肯定回答的问句里。D 项不符原题句意。 29．B 参看 10、14 题。 30．B 参看 16、19 题。 31．D it 是形式主语，that 从句是真正主语。如果 fact 前有 the 修饰，就可选 B 或 C 项， that 引导同位语从句。 32．C but 是关键词，表转折，该句意为"他们非常疲劳，但没有一个人愿意停下来休息 一会儿。" 33．D one 指代 one of the glasses，且 each 一词是信息词。该句意思是："我希望有足够 的玻璃杯，以便每位客人有一个"。 34．B one day 表示"某一天"，可用在一般过去时，当它用在将来时的句中时，可与 some day 互换。another day 指另一天。原题中的 It's all the same to me 和 you like 是信息句，可暗 示考生，只能选 any day，即"你喜欢定在哪天都行，或随便哪一天都行。" 35．A themselves；是 they 的反身代词。 36．A 从上文"我同意你说的大部分，"可知，下文应填 everything 表示部分否定。B 项 填入后该句为全否定。C 项不用在否定句中。D 项填入后，该句成为肯定句。故 B、C、D 项是错误的。 37．C 从上文"Sarah 已经读了许多美国作家写的故事"，可知，下文是"她现在想读一些 由别的国家的作家写的故事"。A 项中 any 用在肯定句中表示"任何一个"，与后面的 countries 不符。B、D 项不符原句的逻辑。 38．A 这是一个强调句式。如果把 It was…that 去掉，该句子意思完整。不缺任何成份。 39．A 该题考查 it 作形式宾语的用法。四个选项均为代词，只有 it 作先行代词时，本 身没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的宾语移到后部去。句中 it 的作用是代替它后面的宾 语从句 when people talk with their mouths full，故正确答案为 A。 40．C 该题考查在省略的宾语从句中连接代词的用法。A、B 项为副词，不可作及物动 词 remember 的宾语，应先排除。指某一范围的"哪一个"需用连接代词 which，前一个分句 中的 from either Oxford or Cambridge 已限定了范围，故答案选 C。 41．D 该题考查引导从句的关系联词的用法。that 和 which 作为关系代词引导定语句必 须在从句中充当某一成份；where 作关系副词引导定语从句在从句中作状语，先行词必须是 表示地点的名词，故应排除 A、B、C。由题于中从句与主句所表示的逻辑关系考虑，此空 应填表示因果关系的从属连词 when，这时 when=since；for，意为"由于"、"既然"，答案为 D。 42．B 该句考查强调结构。"It+be+被强调部分+that 从句"是 it 的强调句型，如果强调的 是时间、地点、原因等状语，别后面接 that 引导的从句，而不能用 when，where，because 等词来引导，因此答案为 B。再如： It was when I was thirty--five that I got married and had a family． It was when we got to the station that it began to rain．参看 1 题。 43．C 该题考查不定代词的替代用法。在进行比较时要用同类的事物相比，排除 A、B。 按照英语习惯用法，that 可以代替一个单数名词或一个不可数名词，以避免重复前面提到过 的名词。that 前面没有任何修饰词，后面的介词主要是 of。由空白后表示所属关系的语境可 以确定此空应填 that，代替 pleasure，故答案选 C。 44．A another 在此足不定代词，意为"再…个"，pay to another $15。意为"再付 15 美元。 more 应放在$15 之后。 45．C one 不定代词指代上文的 break。 46．B It is…that 为强调结构。 47．D 根据句意，"不是你的，可能是另外谁的呢?"所以答案是 D。 48．A 根据句意，"还再需要一些"，故选 A。 49．B 代替 the new house。 50．Ａ。