2021高考英语一轮复习Module4GreatScientists课后提能练外研版必修4 9页

Module 4　Great Scientists Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎[2019·郑州市高三第三次质量预测]For as long as we've known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time.‎ Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.‎ The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune(有免疫力的) cells of sick patients to fight leukemia — a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.‎ The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as Tcells, which are then changed to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells.‎ The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient's leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses.‎ ‎“This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients，” Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release.‎ Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant(骨髓移植) was the only option for many leukemia patients.‎ In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy (化疗) to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.‎ But with a recovery rate of around 83% — according to a news release published by the FDA — it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers.‎ ‎“We're entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient's own cells to attack a deadly cancer，” FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. “New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses.”‎ ‎1．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?‎ - 9 -‎ A．To compare different ways of curing leukemia.‎ B．To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment.‎ C．To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies.‎ D．To show scientists' efforts in search of a cure for cancer.‎ ‎2．How does the new treatment for leukemia work?‎ A．By using changed Tcells to destroy cancer cells.‎ B．By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones.‎ C．By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant.‎ D．By using chemotherapy to improve the patient's immune system.‎ ‎3．What can be inferred about the new therapy for leukemia sufferers?‎ A．It can save them many more trips to the hospital.‎ B．It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer.‎ C．It can give them a better chance of survival and recovery.‎ D．It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant.‎ ‎4．What is Scott Gottlieb's attitude toward gene and cell therapies?‎ A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.‎ C．Worried. D．Casual.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎[2020·长春市质量监测一]I discovered the power of fear when I became stuck on my driveway. As much as I tried, I could not move my feet, __1__ they were crazy—glued to the ground. The realization that my daughters were playing in Nancy's house, just onehalf block away, paralyzed(使麻痹) my __2__， making me unable to move, Black __3__ was rising from behind the trees on the other side of the street and was enveloping three houses, making them barely __4__. Nancy's house was one of them.‎ I tried to __5__ to my daughters, hoping to see them run safely to my arms, but my voice was __6__ stuck — stuck in my throat with no __7__ of coming out. There I stood, __8__， paralyzed and silenced by __9__， unable to protect the two little girls I loved __10__ even I had realized.‎ Although __11__ in a body that couldn't move or speak, I could still hear. I could hear other mothers __12__ calling their children. I could hear a __13__ silence that covered the neighborhood instead of the usual happy voices of children. And, finally, I could hear the alarm of the fire engine. As the alarm __14__， “We're on our way，” it instantly __15__ the crazy glue that had __16__ my feet to the ground and it __17__ the soundproof(隔音的) box that had silenced my voice.‎ - 9 -‎ As I continued down the driveway, two little girls, my two little girls, ran toward me from __18__ the street. They had come home to tell me about the fire in the garage next to Nancy's house.Not only did my feet and voice __19__ now, but my eyes were also in good working order and had no trouble producing __20__.‎ ‎1．A.even if B．as if ‎ C．though D．as ‎2．A.legs B．arms ‎ C．ears D．eyes ‎3．A.fog B．water ‎ C．smoke D．cloud ‎4．A.visible B．possible C．responsible D．comfortable ‎5．A.call on B．call off C．call in D．call out ‎6．A.yet B．seldom C．also D．still ‎7．A.trouble B．intention C．patience D．pleasure ‎8．A.selfless B．careless C．homeless D．helpless ‎9．A.disease B．envy C．fear D．life ‎10．A.more than B．rather than C．less than D．other than ‎11．A.absorbed B．trapped C．involved D．included ‎12．A.angrily B．confidently C．calmly D．anxiously ‎13．A.tiring B．boring C．frightening D．relaxing ‎14．A.sang B．announced C．told D．whispered ‎15．A.removed B．brushed C．put D．raised - 9 -‎ ‎16．A.adapted B．painted C．exposed D．held ‎17．A.lifted B．unlocked C．filled D．carried ‎18．A.across B．behind C．over D．above ‎19．A.speak B．move C．work D．hear ‎20．A.voices B．steps C．thoughts D．tears Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2019·成都第三次诊断]Who built the first canal? Perhaps some people long ago, living in 1.________ dry country, discovered that they could dig ditches (沟) 2.________ (irrigate) their fields with the river water. And naturally in the days 3.________ boats were the most important means of transport, canals were the easiest means of reaching a place. Furthermore, a ditch 4.________ (join) two rivers proved efficient for boat travel. ‎ Today, most countries in the world have canals. Even in the 21st century, goods can be moved more 5.________ (convenient) by boat than by some other means of transport. Some canals, such as the Suez or the Panama, 6.________(save) ships weeks of time by making their voyage a thousand miles 7.________(short). Other canals permit boats to reach cities that 8.________(situate) inland. Still other canals drain lands where there is too much water, help farmers irrigate fields without enough water, and provide water power for 9.________ (factory) as well.‎ Most of the canals have a long history. Canals existed in Egypt thousands of years ago. And the Grand Canal of China was begun about 2,500 years ago, and took centuries to finish. During the seventeenth century, France built many canals that are still 10.________ use today.‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎[石家庄市2019届高三模拟考试(二)]I went to buy some traditional Chinese medicine on last Sunday. Just before leaving the drugstore, I noticed that some foreigners seems to have difficulty communicate with the assistant. I went over to ask if I needed. The assistant told me that she couldn't make herself understand about how to boil the mixture correctly. Learning that I could give them the hand, they - 9 -‎ ‎ were relieved. Without some trouble, I translated that the assistant wanted to say. Both sides expressed thanks to me. I was delighted to help other. More importantly, as a Chinese, I felt proudly to see foreigners try traditional Chinese medicine.‎ 课后提能练(二十二)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎【语篇解读】　治愈癌症是医学界的难题，大量的时间和金钱投入到研究一种阻止这种可怕疾病的方法上。现在一种新的基因疗法给人们带来了治愈白血病的希望。该疗法通过培养病人体内的有免疫力的细胞来对抗白血病。‎ ‎【熟词生义】　treat (Para. 10. line 5)常用义：vt.对待，看待 例句：Don't treat me as if I were an idiot.别把我当傻瓜。‎ 文章义：vt.医治，治疗 例句：She was treated for sunstroke.她因中暑接受治疗。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer. (Para.2)‎ ‎ 分析：句中“that's responsible for health care”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“a government agency”； “that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“a new form of gene therapy”，that在从句中作主语。‎ ‎ 译文：最近，美国食品和药物管理局，一个负责医疗的政府机构，批准了一项新的基因疗法，该疗法可能意味着某种类型的癌症的终结。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎1．B　考查主旨大意。根据第二段“Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in the US, a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了治疗癌症的一项突破——一种新的基因疗法，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．A　考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容可知，该疗法通过改变后的T细胞来对抗身体内的癌症细胞，从而达到治疗目的。‎ ‎3．C　考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段“But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers”可知，根据美国食品和药物管理局发布的新闻，利用这一方法的白血病患者的治愈率约为83%，据此可推知，这一方法有望给白血病患者带来更好的存活和康复机会，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．B　考查推理判断。根据尾段尾句Scott Gottlieb所说的话“New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses”可知，Scott Gottlieb认为，像基因和细胞疗法这样的新技术有可能改变医学，改变我们治疗甚至治愈许多无法治愈的疾病的能力。据此可推知，Scott Gottlieb对基因和细胞疗法的态度是乐观的，故B项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：A项意为“怀疑”，C项意为“担心的”，D项意为“不在乎的”，都与文意不符。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎【语篇解读】　这是一篇记叙文。当作者突然发现女儿待的地方被浓烟笼罩时，恐惧使作者双脚动不了，也说不出话。听到消防车的警报声后作者终于恢复了正常，之后作者看到自己的孩子飞奔而来。‎ ‎1．B　根据语境可知，作者拼命努力，但是双脚好像(as if)疯了似的，被粘在地上无法移动。此处用as if引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎2．A　上文说的是作者被困在车道上，脚不听使唤，且下文说作者不能移动，因此这里应是说作者的双腿麻痹了。‎ ‎3．C　根据空后的“rising from behind...enveloping three houses”并结合语境可知，此处表示黑色的烟(smoke)笼罩了三座房子。‎ ‎4．A　根据上文描述的黑色的烟升起，笼罩了三所房屋可知，这里表示烟使这三所房屋几乎看不见了。visible“可见的”符合语境。‎ ‎5．D　根据上文内容可知，作者女儿待的房子被黑烟笼罩，作者应是想大声呼喊她们。call out表示“大声呼喊”。‎ ‎6．C　文章开头说作者的双脚无法移动，这里是说作者的声音也被卡住了，因此用also表示“也”。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎7．B　根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示作者的声音卡在喉咙里发不出来。intention“打算”符合语境。‎ ‎8．D　根据上文对作者的描述可知，作者站在车道上，双脚动不了，说不出话，此时的作者应是无助的(helpless)，因此选D。‎ ‎9．C　根据文章首句中的“the power of fear”，并结合语境可知，此处为原词复现，因此选C。‎ ‎10．A　根据上文内容并结合语境可知，此处是说作者爱自己的两个女儿比自己意识到的更多。more than“比……多”符合语境。‎ ‎11．B　作者站在那里不能动，也说不出话。与前面多次出现的“stuck”呼应可知此处选B项“受困的”。‎ ‎12．D　根据上文的描述可知，在发生火灾这样紧急的情况下，其他孩子的母亲应是焦虑地(anxiously)呼唤自己的孩子。‎ ‎13．C　作者此时心情焦虑，而且周边平时孩子快乐的声音没有了，整个街坊一片可怕的(frightening)寂静。因此选C。‎ ‎14．B　警报声宣告着消防车的到来。这里用announce来描述行进中的消防车发出的让人避让的声音。‎ ‎15．A　根据下文提到的作者继续行进去接孩子可知，这里应表示消防车发出的声音立刻就把粘住作者双脚的疯狂的胶水去除(removed)了。‎ ‎16．D　根据上文中的“stuck”、“glued”和“glue”，并结合语境可知，此处表示的是把作者的双脚保持(held)在地上的疯狂的胶水。‎ ‎17．B　根据语境以及该句中的“soundproof(隔音的)box”可知，此处表示警报声打开(unlocked)了使作者发不出声音的隔音的箱子。‎ ‎18．A　根据上文中的“on the other side of the street”可知，此处与前面内容呼应，应用across表示“在……对面”。‎ ‎19．C　这里表示作者双脚能动了，也能开口说话了。故work“运转”符合语境。‎ ‎20．D　根据上文的内容以及该句中的“my eyes”可知，此处表示眼睛也能流泪了。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了运河的重要作用。‎ ‎1．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个干旱的国家”，且dry的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎2．to irrigate　考查非谓语动词。这里表示挖沟壑的目的。故用动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎3．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为“days”，空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．joining　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，join与主语a - 9 -‎ ‎ ditch为逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处要用其现在分词形式作定语。‎ ‎5．conveniently　考查副词。此处修饰“can be moved”要用副词形式。‎ ‎6．save　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处表示通过缩短行程能节省船只时间，为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；句子的主语“Some canals”为复数，故填save。‎ ‎7．shorter　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处含有比较的含义，故填形容词的比较级。make sb./sth.＋adj.为固定用法，意为“使某人/某物……”。‎ ‎8．are situated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；be situated意为“坐落在”；此处表示位于内陆的一些城市。that引导定语从句，先行词为cities，that在从句中作主语，表示复数概念，故填are situated。‎ ‎9．factories　考查名词的数。根据语境以及前面的“fields”可知，这里表示不止一座工厂。故填factories。‎ ‎10．in　考查介词。be in use为固定用法，意为“在使用中”。故填in。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 I went to buy some traditional Chinese medicine last Sunday. Just before leaving the drugstore, I noticed that some foreigners to have difficulty with the assistant. I went over to ask if I needed. The assistant told me that she couldn't make herself about how to boil the mixture correctly. Learning that I could give them hand, they were relieved. Without trouble, I translated the assistant wanted to say. Both sides expressed thanks to me. I was delighted to help . More importantly, as a Chinese, I felt to see foreigners try traditional Chinese medicine.‎ ‎①删除last Sunday前的on。考查介词。表示“上周日”直接用last Sunday，其前不加介词on。‎ ‎②seems改为seemed。考查动词的时态。根据文章内容可知，本文谈论的是上周日发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故将seems改为seemed。‎ ‎③communicate改为communicating。考查固定句式。have difficulty(in) doing sth.为固定用法，应用communicating。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎④needed前加was。考查动词的语态和时态。根据语境可知，此处指“我走过去问是否需要我”，I和need之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且由语境可知，此处讲的是上周日发生的事，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑤understand改为understood。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处指她不能把自己的意思说清楚，herself和understand之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用understood。‎ ‎⑥the改为a。考查冠词。此处表示帮他们的忙，应用固定短语give sb. a hand。‎ ‎⑦some改为any。考查限定词。根据语境可知，此处表示“没有任何困难”，故应将some改为any。‎ ‎⑧that改为what。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作动词say的宾语，表示“……的东西”，所以用what引导该从句。‎ ‎⑨other改为others。考查代词。此处表示“帮助他人”，应用others，相当于other people。‎ ‎⑩proudly改为proud。考查形容词。系动词felt之后应用形容词，所以用proud。‎ - 9 -‎