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Unit 16 Stories
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．victim n． 受害者
2．criteria n．(pl.) (评判的)标准
3．architecture n. 建筑
4．authentic adj. 原作的，真正的
5．monument n. 纪念碑，纪念堂
6．sorrow n. 悲伤，难过
7．vivid adj. 生动的，逼真的
8．hardship n. 艰苦，困苦
9．tease vt. 嘲笑，取笑
10．superb adj. 出色的，卓越的
11．former adj. 以前的
12．precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
13．sweetness n. 甜蜜，温柔
14．tense adj. 紧张的
15．clumsy adj. 笨拙的；不得体的
16．tiresome adj. 讨厌的，令人厌倦的
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃
2．witness v. 目击
3．tremble vi. 颤抖，发抖
4．loss n. 遗失，失去，丢失
5．awesome adj. 令人敬畏的
6．sympathy n. 同情
7．burst vi. 爆炸；冲，闯
8．specific adj. 详细的；特定的
9．origin n. 起源，开端；出身
10．severe adj. 严重的；严厉的
11．stubborn adj. 倔强的，固执的
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12．complex adj. 复杂的
13．breakthrough n. 突破，重大发现
14．uncertain adj. 不确定的
15．awkward adj. 笨拙的；令人不舒服的
16．gather vi.& vt. 聚集
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．preserve vt.保护，保存→preservation n．保护，保存
2．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．发生
3．particularly adv.特别地；特定地→particular adj.特别的；特定的；特有的
4．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.重要的，重大的；影响深远的
5．discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged adj.失去信心的→discouragement n．泄气→encouragement n．鼓励(反义词)
6．suffering n．痛苦，困难→suffer v．遭受；患(某种病)
7．admirable adj.令人钦佩的，极佳的→admire vt.佩服，称赞→admiration n．佩服，称赞
8．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restricted adj.有限的，受限制的→restrictive adj.受限的
9．unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的(反义词)→bear v．忍耐
10．eager adj.渴望的，热衷的→eagerly adv.渴望地→eagerness n．渴望
11．expand v．扩大，扩充→expansion n．扩大；膨胀
12．warmth n．温暖→warm adj.温暖的→warmly adv.温暖地
13．abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的→normal adj.正常的，通常的(反义词)→normally adv.通常，一般
14．applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌→applause n．鼓掌
15．apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的→apparently adv.显然地
1.“价值”形容词知多少
①precious 宝贵的，珍贵的
②valuable 有价值的
③worth 有……价值的
④worthy 有价值的
⑤priceless 无价的
⑥worthless/valueless 无价值的
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2.后缀“some”形容词集锦
①troublesome 引起麻烦的
②handsome 英俊的
③awesome 令人敬畏的
④boresome 烦人的
⑤fearsome 可怕的
⑥tiresome 讨厌的
3.趣味“合成词”荟萃
①breakthrough n． 突破，重大发现
②pickpocket n. 扒手
③daybreak n. 破晓
④sunrise n. 日出
⑤bathroom n. 浴室
⑥webpage n. 网页
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．come__into__view 出现
2．knock__sb.over 撞倒某人
3．once__upon__a__time 从前
4．block__out 堵住
5．in__a__way 从某种程度上说
6．on__one’s__side 侧身
7．split__up (使)解散；决裂
8．name...after 以……的名字给某人/某物命名
9．come__across 偶然遇见，偶然发现
10．hold__up 支撑起；延误，推迟
11．count__on 依靠
12．figure__out 理解
13．end__up 以……结束，以……告终
14．put__up__with 容忍，忍受
15．in__particular 特别，尤其
16．refer__to 查阅；提到；涉及；提交
17．on__the__way__to 在去……的路上
18．pay__rise 增加工资
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1.“v.＋out”短语万花筒
①try out 尝试
②run out 用完
③work out 算出；解决；锻炼
④figure out 算出；理解
⑤leave out 省略；遗漏；不考虑
⑥pick out 挑选；区别出
2.“in＋n.”结构荟萃
①in case 以防万一
②in danger 处于危险中
③in short/brief 总而言之
④in vain 徒劳的
⑤in particular 特别，尤其
⑥in relief 如释重负
3.“v.＋up”短语联想
①split up (使)解散；决裂
②set up 建立
③end up 以……结束，以……告终
④pay up 付清
⑤cut up 切碎
⑥link up 联合，连接
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as if引导表语从句
Another man, lying on his side, looks as__if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像在试图站立起来。
句型2：now that意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句
Now__that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
句型3：unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句
Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
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她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。
句型4：It is/was＋序数词＋time (＋that)．..
It__was__the__first__time Helen had__understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
这是海伦第一次明白这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到的东西的含义。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager(渴望的) to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
2．The plot in this novel is so complex(复杂的) that many people can’t understand it well.
3．It would be irresponsible of me not to advise my company to abandon(放弃) this project.
4．I was so heavily overweight that I suffered a lot from my awkward(尴尬的) appearance.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Our school has witnessed(目击) great changes in the last few years.
6．According to the law, the sale of alcohol is restricted(restrict) to people under the age of 18.
7．(全国卷Ⅰ)When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family might need, he burst(burst) into tears.
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving(preserve) their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
9．He searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.
10．It is significant(significance) that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Please give a warm welcome to our guests.If we say “Hello” to them warmly,__they will sense the warmth from our smile.(warm)
2．We should give the students much encouragement,__for they will get discouraged
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when criticized too often.But now we should focus on discouraging them from smoking.(discourage)
3．It’s hard to try to work in such a restricted space and the conditions restrict the children’s chances for play, so many people think life here is too restrictive．(restrict)
4．The girl is eager to know something about the star.Now she is waiting eagerly outside the hall, from whose face we can see the eagerness．(eager)
5．She is not rich, but she is particular about her clothes. She likes red coats particularly．(particular)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
on one’s side; hold oneself up; come across; put up with; now that; figure out
One cold winter day, I 1.came__across an old man lying 2.on__his__side on the road. It seemed that he couldn’t
3．hold__himself__up. Perhaps he couldn’t 4.put__up__with the cold weather. 5.Now__that I saw him, I decided to help him whether I 6.figured__out what happened to him or not.
come into view; knock over; block out; in particular; on the way to
7．On__the__way__to the supermarket, an ambulance 8.came__into__view and many people surrounded it. The road was 9.blocked__out. I stopped to find what had happened.I was told that an old lady had been 10.knocked__over by a truck when crossing the road. She was badly hurt, 11.in__particular in her legs, but she still could put up with the pain. Immediately she was sent to the nearest hospital.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．这个留着长头发的年轻男子看起来好像是个女人。
The young man with long hair looks as if he__were__a__woman．
2．既然大家都来了，让我们开始会议吧。
Now__that/Since__everyone__is__here,__let’s begin our meeting.
3．除非被邀请，否则他是不会回公司的。
Unless__invited,__he will not come back to the company.
4．这是你第二次迟到了。
It was the second time that you had__come/been late.
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abandon vt.抛弃；离弃；放弃；停止做(某事) n．放纵，放任；尽情
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)However, these plans were__abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems.
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned(abandon) bricks of different ages.
②(2018·天津卷) I will never abandon reaching(reach) the top of the “mountain” because I want to be successful in life.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He abandoned__himself__to__playing__computer__games(沉迷于玩电脑游戏) and didn’t pass the exam.
④(高级表达)Abandoning__himself__to__playing__computer__games,__he didn’t pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Abandoned__to__playing__computer__games，he didn’t pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth.
沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon 纵情；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
[佳句背诵] At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.
聚会上，人们尽情地唱歌、跳舞，把生活中的烦恼抛到了九霄云外。
[词块助记] an abandoned farm 废弃的农场
abandon an animal 遗弃动物
abandon the match because of rain 因为下雨中止了比赛
preserve vt.保护；维护；保存(使免受破坏)；保留 n．保护区
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.
②Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs(should)__be__preserved(preserve) and handed down one generation after another.
[能力提升]——句式升级
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③(普通表达)Because they are wellpreserved in the nature preserve, pandas live a happy life.
(高级表达)Wellpreserved__in__the__nature__preserve,__pandas live a happy life.(分词作状语)
(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(2)nature preserve 自然保护区
(3)wellpreserved adj. 保存良好的
[佳句背诵] It is well known that Shennongjia is one of the beautiful nature preserves, attracting thousands of visitors every day. 众所周知，神农架是一个美丽的自然保护区，每天吸引成千上万的游客。
[名师点津] “一字”之差：
(1)preserve vt.保护；维护
(2)reserve v．保留；储备；预定
witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(上海卷)The late twentieth century witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China’s economy.
②What the police did first was to interview all the witnesses(witness) to the accident last week.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)我们将见证我们学校的荣耀，我们一起成长。
We__will__witness__the__glory__of__our__school，and we are growing together.
(1)witness sth./that... 目击……
witness to (doing) sth. 证实/证明(做)某事
(2)a witness of/to sth. 某事的证人/证明
[佳句背诵] Our city witnesses four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天你可能会觉得有点冷。
occur vi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher
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for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to__have__occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to__ask(ask) for anyone when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It__occurred__to__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It__hit/struck__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
[名师点津] (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母，即occurred。
(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that从句
③sb. comes up with sth.
burst vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst__in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。
③(普通表达)When she saw her classmates burst__into__laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__into__tears.
④(高级表达)Seeing__her__classmates__burst__out__laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__out__crying．(burst out；分词作状语)
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(1) 突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一阵
[佳句背诵] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
[名师点津]
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2017·浙江卷6月)Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. Don’t get discouraged(courage)．
b．Instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging__(discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
②(湖南卷)Do not let any failures discourage(courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③Parents should encourage__their__children__to__overcome__difficulties(鼓励他们的孩子克服困难) and inspire them to develop by themselves.
④We tried to discourage__him__from__climbing__the__mountain(阻止他爬山) without a guide.
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.
劝某人不要做某事；
使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的；令人沮丧的
(3)encourage vt. 鼓励
encourage sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
[佳句背诵] He tried to balance his study and rest and find the way to get out of difficult situation because he believed nothing could discourage him from pursuing his dream. 他试着平衡学习和休息， 找到走出困境的方法，
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因为他相信没有什么可以使他失去追逐梦想的信心。
eager adj.渴望的，热衷的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The new president is eager that the project (should)__be__started(start) early.
②“So what do you think will happen？”he asked eagerly(eager)．
③(浙江卷)Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to__see(see) you do well.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的朋友工作一直很努力，渴望得到老板的赞许。
④My friend，who has been working hard，is__eager__for her boss’s approval.
⑤Eager__for__her__boss’s__approval，my friend has been working hard.(形容词短语作状语)
(1)be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 急于得到某物
be eager that... 渴望……[从句中常用虚
拟语气：(should＋)动词原形]
(2)eagerly adv. 渴望地
[佳句背诵] The staff will be eager to help you through every step of the job search process.
那里的员工会很热心地指导你求职中的每个步骤。
expand vt.扩大，扩充，增加；细谈；详述
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire.
②The professor will expand on this point in the next chapter.
③Expanding(expand) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.
④Their expanding(expand) business became a large corporation in 2017.
⑤The industry has just gone through a period of rapid expansion(expand)．
(1)expand into (使……)扩大成……
expand on/upon 详述；详细阐明
(2)expansion n. 扩大
expanding adj. 扩大的；扩展的
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[佳句背诵] As your horizons expand, these new ideas can give a whole new meaning to life.
随着眼界不断开阔，这些新观念会为生活赋予全新的意义。
in a way 从某一角度看；在某种程度上
[基础练习]——用way的相关短语填空
①In__a__way,__the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
②Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always in__the__way whenever she tries to.
③He decided that he would drive all__the__way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④只有这样他们才能独立成长、真正成功。
Only__in__this__way__can__they__grow__up to be independent and become truly successful.
all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 挡道；妨碍
in this way 用这种方法
in no way 一点也不；决不(放在句首须部分倒装)
on the way to... 在去……途中
[佳句背诵] In a way, I’m glad that you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
从某一角度看，我很高兴你犯了那个错误，因为这对你是个警告。
come across 偶然遇见
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
②I really don’t know how it came about that she was fired by her boss.
③It is said that the singer’s new album will come out in two months.
[能力提升]——句型转换
④When they were having a heated discussion, a creative plan came up at the meeting.
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→When they were having a heated discussion, someone came__up__with a creative plan at the meeting.
come about 发生
come out 出版；出来；开花
come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提及
come up with 想出；提出
[佳句背诵] Look around and appreciate excellence whenever you come across it, and learn what you can from it. 环顾四周，每当你碰到优秀的都要欣赏它，并从中学习。
[名师点津]
表示“偶然遇见”的短语还有：
(1)run into; (2)run across；
(3)knock into; (4)meet with
hold up 举起；延误，阻滞；支撑
[一词多义]——写出下列句中hold up的含义
①Hold up your right hand. Now, count down from ten, starting with your thumb.举起
②There are two large wooden supports that hold up the roof.支撑
③I missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was held up in the traffic jam.延误
[能力提升]——完成句子
④Can you hold__on(别挂电话)? I’ll see if the manager is in the office.
⑤I’m sure my dream will come true as long as I hold__on__to(坚持) it.
hold back 阻止；抑制；隐瞒
hold on 坚持住；等一下(别挂断)
hold on to 抓紧；保持；不放弃
hold out 伸出；维持；保持
[佳句背诵] The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.
如果任何一方能控制住怒火的话，这场争斗本来是可以避免的。
refer to 查阅，参考；谈到，提起；涉及，指的是
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
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①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.指的是
②If necessary, you may refer to your notes while making a speech.查阅
③The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.提到
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
任正非被称为中国最优秀的企业家之一。新闻里提到的那个人就是他。
④Ren Zhengfei is__referred__to__as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in China. The person referred__to in the news is him.
⑤The person__referred__to__in__the__news__is__Ren__Zhengfei,__who__is__referred__to__as__one__of__the__greatest__entrepreneurs__in__China．(过去分词短语作定语和非限制性定语从句)
(1)refer to...as... 将……称为……
(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅
[佳句背诵] ①You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference.
你最好把那家餐厅的号码写下来，以备日后参考。(江西卷)
②Don’t always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.
当遇到生词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查阅。
[名师点津] “查词典”，表达方式却不同： refer to a dictionary, look sth.up in the dictionary。
put up with 容忍；忍受
[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①A suggestion has been put__forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
②We are trying to put__aside some money every month for our vacation.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t stand/bear this loud noise any more.
(高级表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t put__up__with/tolerate this loud noise any more.
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put aside 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 收起来
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put up 提出；推荐；留某人住下
[佳句背诵] In that case, we will have to learn to put up with some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages. 那样，我们就不得不学会忍受他的一些缺点并努力试图发现他的优点。
now that意为“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句
(教材P11)Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
[能力提升]——完成句子
①既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。
Now__that__you’ve__grown__up，you can make up your mind by yourself.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你知道为什么你想醒来，考虑重新安排早上的活动吧。
Now__that__you__know__why__you__want__to__wake__up,__consider rearranging your morning activities.
now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，that可以省略。
[佳句背诵] ①Now that there are many choices in life, one does not have to stare at one place and do one thing.
既然现在已经有好多种人生选择了，一个人大可不必非得死盯在一个地方，死做一件事情。
②Now that you have finished your homework, you can play basketball.
既然你已经完成了家庭作业，你就可以打篮球了。
unless意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句
(教材P11)Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.
她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
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①(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
②Unless the weather gets(get) better, I will stay at home.
③I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited(invite)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，除非你有规律地进行锻炼，否则身体就不会健康。
④It is known to all that unless__you__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep fit. (unless)
⑤It is known to all that if__you__don’t__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep healthy. (if)
(1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。
(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。
[佳句背诵] Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。(2018·江苏卷)
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It is reported that the government is considering removing a restriction(restrict) on immigration from other countries into its country.
2．Because of his admirable(admire) success in playing basketball, he is very popular with us.
3．(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss(lose) of data can cause serious problems for a company.
4．Many buildings on the campus are his original(origin) creations.
5．It is important to join the club，though a few haven’t realized the significance(significant) of it.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．At the meeting，the headmaster insisted that the problems referred to be paid
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attention to.
2．It never occurred to me that my friend had been lying to me for years.
3．If your child loves animals or the environment, a local pet shelter or park may be eager for her help.
4．People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．
5．As long as a will is set, hold on to it and habits can be altered.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2019·江苏卷)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂开
2．In the last decade, the project has expanded its welfare to support 12，000 poor students.扩大；扩充
3．One major suggestion at the meeting is that these traditional customs should be preserved.保护；保存
4．He described what he had witnessed in China，which aroused much interest among his countrymen.目击
5．We didn’t know how he would react to those events occurring in the neighbourhood.发生
6．When you make a speech, you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not refer to your notes too often.参考；查阅
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
One day, Wang Ping witnessed a terrible accident 1.occurring(occur) on the way home. There were five people knocked over and injured seriously, 2.particularly(particular) the child. It was the first time that he 3.had__been(be) on an accident scene. He was at 4.a loss until the police came. They blocked 5.out the street where the accident happened to preserve the scene. On the scene, some people 6.burst(burst) out crying, and more people gathered around 7.to__figure(figure) out what happened. Soon two ambulances drove over and set out to do first aid. It is of great 8.significance(significant) to give the injured first aid in time. However, it was discouraging 9.that the injured child died before the doctor came. It can’t be too 10.careful(care) at any time.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
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1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①一个寒冷的冬天，我在去火车站的路上偶然遇见一位老人在乞讨。
One cold winter day, I was on__my__way__to the train station when I came__across an old man who__was__begging．
②我不理解他是怎样来到这儿的。
I didn’t figure__out__how__he__arrived__here．
③难道他是被自己的儿女抛弃了吗？
Was__he__abandoned__by his own sons and daughters?
④保护老人是我们的职责。
To__preserve__such__an__old__man is our duty.
⑤除了把所有的零钱凑起来送给他以外，我什么也做不了。
I could do__nothing__but__gather all my change for him.
2．升级平淡句
⑥用it作形式主语升级句④
It’s__our__duty__to__preserve__such__an__old__man.
3．衔接成美文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
One cold winter day, I was on my way to the train station when I came across an old man who was begging. I didn’t figure out how he arrived here. Was he abandoned by his own sons and daughters? It’s our duty to preserve such an old man. I could do nothing but gather all my change for him.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·太原模拟)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem solving skills.
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They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.
The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.
The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.
Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。
1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?
A．They entertain robots.
B．They highlight dangers.
C．They make robots more intelligent.
D．They enable robots to behave morally.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales
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as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。
2．What is “Quixote” in the text?
A．A punishment system.
B．A character in literature.
C．A big name in technology.
D．A kind of software educating robots.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。
3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?
A．To take advantage of its privilege.
B．To finish the task most efficiently.
C．To perform in a well mannered way.
D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?
A．Robots will definitely have more functions.
B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.
C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.
D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。
B
(2020·昆明教学质量检测)Five year old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador
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Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.
Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said, “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”
Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.
The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms.Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.
In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.
Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something that I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。
5．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?
A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.
B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.
C．She was laughed at by her classmates.
D．She couldn’t get on well with others.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。
6．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?
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A．Praise from her students.
B．Devotion to her students.
C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.
D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。
7．What can we know about Grimm?
A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.
B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.
C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.
D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How Grimm helped her student out.
B．What problem Prisilla had at school.
C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.
D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项最能概括文章大意。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·贵阳普通高中监测)Sleeping well is important to your physical and mental health. However, you might not be able to control the factors that affect your sleep. Here are some habits you can adopt to encourage better sleep.
Stick to a sleep schedule. 1.________. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don’t need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal.
Pay attention to what you eat. Don’t go to bed hungry or full. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime. 2.________．
3．________. Create a room that’s ideal for sleeping. Often, this means cool, dark and quiet. 4.________. Avoid long use of screens just before bedtime. Consider
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using room darkening shades, earplugs, a fan or other devices to create an environment that suits your needs. Doing calming activities before bedtime, such as taking a bath or using relaxation techniques, might promote better sleep.
Include physical activity in your daily routine. Regular physical activity can promote better sleep. 5.________. Spending time outside every day might be helpful, too.
A．Work out a good plan
B．Stick to a balanced diet
C．Create a restful environment
D．Your discomfort might keep you up
E．Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep
F．Avoid being active too close to bedtime, however
G．Exposure to light might make it more challenging to fall asleep
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了保证良好睡眠的几个好习惯。
1．E 解析：根据下文“The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours.”可推知，此处表示所需要的睡眠时间，与选项E呼应，故选E项。
2．D 解析：根据上文可知，要避免睡前饿着肚子或吃得过饱，或是睡前几个小时吃油腻的食物或大餐，这会让人不舒服，自然就睡不好了，与选项D呼应，故选D项。
3．C 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为主题句。根据该段内容可知，该段介绍了营造舒适的睡眠环境的重要性，故选C项。
4．G 解析：根据空前一句“Often, this means cool, dark and quiet.”可推知，在灯亮着的情况下是不利于睡眠的，故选G项。
5．F 解析：与上文“Regular physical activity can promote better sleep.”形成呼应可推知，此处表示睡前太活跃反而不利于睡眠，故选F项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·合肥高三联考)I got on the bus to go to school as normally do. Today, however, was quite __1__．As we approached the next stop, a little girl got on.She __2__ her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but I could __3__ by her expression that she didn’t have the correct __4__. Therefore, I stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid __5__ the girl.Then I walked back and sat down.The girl __6__ me, sitting down next to me.She said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat.I found out that she was trying to get to State Street.
I felt __7__ to think about a girl in such a young age __8__ around in the city with no money or guardian.When my __9__ approached, I instructed her to get off with
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me and she agreed.As we got to the __10__， the little girl took my hand, and I __11__ her across the street to safety. __12__， I had some spare time, so I __13__ the girl to State Street, gave her $5, told her how to get home, and said goodbye.
As I __14__ out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and __15__ hug.We waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away __16__ the street.
Although my new friend, Emily, was just a 9 year old girl, she gave me __17__ that will take her many years to understand.As we hugged, none of us said a word; __18__， I knew that our hearts had met and a __19__ was made.No age can limit the __20__ of one’s heart or the love that they can give.
【解题导语】 作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩，小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱。
1．A.frightening B．disappointing
C．different D．crazy
C 解析：根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同，下文叙述了事情经过。故选C项。frightening令人恐惧的；disappointing令人失望的；different不同的；crazy疯狂的。
2．A.observed B．touched
C．presented D．searched
D 解析：根据空后“her wallet to find the $2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费，根据当时情境可知选D项。 observe观察；touch触摸；present提出；search寻找。
3．A.tell B．hear
C．imagine D．base
A 解析：女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费，指从她的表情看出。故选A项。
4．A.ticket B．access
C．permit D．fare
D 解析：此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费，指车费。故选D项。
5．A.for B．off
C．back D．to
A 解析：pay for sb.指为某人付款，此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。故选A项。
6．A.followed B．pushed
C．noticed D．excused
A 解析：“我”为女孩付车费后，女孩跟随“我”，然后坐在了“我”
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旁边表示感谢。故选A项。
7．A.tired B．bored
C．troubled D．inspired
C 解析：根据句中“around in the city with no money or guardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安，根据常识选C项。tired疲倦的；bored无聊的； troubled不安的； inspired能力卓越的。
8．A.chatting B．looking
C．playing D．wandering
D 解析：此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛，wander around徘徊，闲逛。故选D项。
9．A.company B．store
C．center D．stop
D 解析：根据下句“get off with me”可知是作者到站了。故选D项。
10．A.corner B．crossroads
C．destination D．shop
B 解析：根据“across the street to safety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。故选B项。
11．A.made B．hurried
C．led D．freed
C 解析：此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路，故选C项。
12．A.Usually B．Luckily
C．Generally D．Personally
B 解析：幸好“我”有些空闲时间，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸运的是”。故选B项。
13．A.accompanied B．treated
C．invited D．instructed
A 解析：此处表示“我”有时间，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故选A项。
14．A.pulled B．carried
C．made D．held
D 解析：此处指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，hold out伸出。故选D项。
15．A.toughest B．tightest
C．softest D．strongest
B 解析：女孩跑过来给了“我”一个最大最紧的拥抱，指紧紧地拥抱。故选B项。
16．A.across B．over
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C．off D．down
D 解析：此处指女孩沿着街连蹦带跳地走了，down the street沿着大街。故选D项。
17．A.something B．anything
C．nothing D．everything
A 解析：这个9岁的女孩给了“我”她多年之后才会明白的东西，用于肯定句。故选A项。
18．A.otherwise B．however
C．besides D．therefore
B 解析：“我们”拥抱时谁都没说话，然而“我”知道“我们”的心相遇而且还建立了一种联系，表示转折。故选B项。
19．A.connection B．contribution
C．conclusion D．decision
A 解析：此处指“我”和小女孩之间建立了一种联系。connection联系，关系；contribution贡献；conclusion结论；decision决定。故选A项。
20．A.strength B．power
C．force D．energy
A 解析：任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱，指内心的力量。故选A项。 strength力量；power权力；force武力；energy能量。
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋
1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·武汉调研)The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.
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The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．
“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.
Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。
1．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A．A new computer.
B．The prize money.
C．His own interest.
D．His mom’s encouragement.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D项正确。
2．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A．His mom helped him.
B．He copied others’ ideas.
C．His friends assisted him.
D．He used his imagination.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。
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3．Why did the boy delay his writing?
A．Because he was terribly lazy.
B．Because he didn’t know what to write.
C．Because he wasn’t confident.
D．Because he read too many stories.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的内容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒数第五段尾句“He had to...write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故B项正确。
4．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1，000.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read ‘498’．”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’ he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。
B
(2020·成都高三第一次诊断)Young trees don’t just grow；they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.
Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land，there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening？Well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.
Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the
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temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.
But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible？Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!
Why do trees do__such__a__thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。
5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?
A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.
B．To show trees can make independent decisions.
C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.
D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others.”可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。
6．According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees?
A．Anxious and bold.
B．Smart and adventurous.
C．Helpful and well behaved.
D．Adaptable and supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定
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，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强。根据第四段第一、二句“But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients.”可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。
7．What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean?
A．Give warnings. B．Offer assistance.
C．Depend on others. D．Provide nutrients.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Well，the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years！”可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Why do trees do__such__a__thing？”和其后的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。
8．Where does this text most probably come from?
A．A public lecture. B．A science book.
C．An experiment report. D．A travel journal.
B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·大连高三双基测试)Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you’ve experienced is negative selftalk. 1.________. You say to yourself untrue things like, “I’m not good enough. I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative selftalk?
•2.________
Know you’re special. You are “One of a kind！” There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it’s easier to fight the negative selftalk.
•Change your associations
Your negative selftalk comes from your environment. You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether
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you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better. 3.________．
•Change your dialogue
Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！”4.________， and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.
Of course, there are other things to stop negative selftalk. 5.________， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.
A．Think the same way
B．Change is not easy
C．Change your position
D．It begins in your brain
E．Change your state of mind
F．You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts
G．You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。
1．D 解析：空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。
2．E 解析：根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。
3．G 解析：根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。
4．A 解析：空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了！”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。
5．B 解析：空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·安徽省示范高中模拟)Proper exercise is beneficial to our health. As the experts say, swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body. An hour of
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swimming 1.____________(burn) almost as many calories as running. There are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2.____________(regular)．
One of 3.____________ biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly works well from head to toe. It can not only increase your heart rate without 4.____________(stress) your body, but also build up your muscles and 5.____________(strong). Besides, swimming makes your heart and lung strong. It is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6.____________(compare) with inactive people, 7.____________(swim) have about half the risk of death. Some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.
The number of persons 8.____________ experience some level of insomnia(失眠症) is increasing, so this is excellent news—the researchers conclude that swimming is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.
Swimming is safe for most people. As with any workout, there are certain risks associated with swimming. If you 9.____________(injure) or have certain medical conditions, be sure to check with your doctor before swimming. 10.____________ general, it’s a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。游泳运动和跑步燃烧的卡路里相当，经常游泳的人获益良多，如可以增加心率，增强肌肉和力量，并能让心肺功能增强。
1．burns 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且此句主语为“An hour of swimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burns。
2．regularly 解析：考查副词。句意：经常游泳你将获益良多。空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。根据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the。
4．stressing 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式。此处是说，游泳可以让身体在不紧张的情况下提高心率。
5．strength 解析：考查名词。此处是说，游泳还可以增强肌肉和力量。根据空前的“your muscle”可知，空处用名词形式。
6．Compared 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其过去分词形式。
7．swimmers 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险。分析句子结构可知，空处为此句的主语，表示“游泳者”，
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故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而此处表示群体，故用其复数形式。
8．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空处应为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为persons，故用who/that引导此定语从句。
9．are injured 解析：考查被动语态。句意：如果你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前一定要咨询医生。分析句子结构可知，此句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
10．In 解析：考查固定搭配。in general为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”。句意：通常，无论何时在开始新的锻炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是一个好方法。
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