2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Backtothepast课后达标检测牛津译林版必修3 14页

Unit 3 Back to the past 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·合肥高三质检)Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.‎ The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee(WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale(规模) and visual effects in and around the property(地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.‎ The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.‎ The Recommendation put forwards an allround and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary ‎ 14‎ involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1?‎ A．To explain the goal of the organization.‎ B．To encourage the public to protect the world.‎ C．To show the positive effect of conservation.‎ D．To remind people of the environmental problems.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是在证明这个观点，故选C。‎ ‎2．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?‎ A．Because it took up too much public land of the city.‎ B．Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.‎ C．Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly.‎ D．Because its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，WHC之所以对Wien Mitte项目担忧是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。‎ ‎3．What did the global discussion focus on?‎ A．The ways to combine conservation and development.‎ B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.‎ C．The international urban management and development.‎ D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述遗产保护和发展的方法。‎ 14‎ ‎4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.‎ B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.‎ C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.‎ D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.‎ D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。A项错在是为了检验全球城市规划者所面临的挑战，这只是其中例子所体现的问题，而非作者所表达的关键所在；B项错在为了引进保护环境的其他方法，文中未提及；C项错在为了强调历史和记忆价值的重要性，与主题无关，故排除。‎ B ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi. However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．‎ Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and their cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “I thought it was a log，” Caid said. “I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it.” The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.‎ ‎“They didn’t expect to find that，” Michael’s mom said. “Now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they’re digging up when they are digging and playing.”‎ ‎“We’ve gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that’s what I thought it was，” the brothers’ mother said. “This is our first set of teeth we’ve found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.”‎ They were exploring near the brothers’ home. It’s surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of ‎ 14‎ paleontology(古生物学负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”．‎ The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths(猛犸)．‎ ‎【解题导语】　美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸。他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。‎ ‎5．How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?‎ A．With great efforts. B．By chance.‎ C．Instructed by an expert. D．Through imagination.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves...discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。‎ ‎6．The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it ________．‎ A．helps people to know more about the Civil War B．teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings C．promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures D．attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“who first identified the bone as a ‘very mature individual’”并结合倒数第一段可知，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?‎ A．Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi B．Not Petrified Wood nor Civil War Relics C．First Identifying Bone as a “Very Mature Individual”‎ D．Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone D　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，‎ 14‎ 他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·大连一模)Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my fatherinlaw __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state.‎ In these circumstances I have two mental __5__： either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about selfconfidence and consistency, and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.‎ I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are parts of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad times __12__ the “inner” me.‎ Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__！‎ As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis(危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应对困境的故事从而启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。‎ ‎1．A.admission B．benefit C．diploma D．permission A　解析：根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，‎ 14‎ 作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still ______！”呼应。‎ ‎2．A.share B．reduce C．break D．raise B　解析：根据上文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。‎ ‎3．A.showed up B．set off C．fell down D．passed away D　解析：根据下文中的“Time has healed my wife’s mental stress ______ the death of her father.”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。pass away“去世”。‎ ‎4．A.putting B．finding C．forming D．lifting A　解析：根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.problems B．concerns C．choices D．activities C　解析：根据空后的“either to feel upset...or ______ my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种心理选择(choices)，与下文中的“I choose the second option”相呼应。‎ ‎6．A.link B．replace C．mix D．exchange B　解析：固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。‎ ‎7．A.regret B．stop C．keep D．risk C　解析：根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续申请新的工作。keep“继续”。‎ ‎8．A.practicing B．suffering C．producing D．relieving 14‎ B　解析：根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的(suffering)痛苦将增强他的毅力(character)。‎ ‎9．A.intelligence B．body C．character D．reputation C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎10．A.careful B．hardworking C．easygoing D．successful D　解析：根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) ______ man one day.”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。‎ ‎11．A.life B．wealth C．time D．health A　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好的阶段和坏的阶段都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应。‎ ‎12．A.hide B．destroy C．strengthen D．kill C　解析：根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。‎ ‎13．A.desperately B．unwillingly C．hopefully D．fortunately D　解析：根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地(fortunately)找到了一份称心的工作。‎ ‎14．A.regardless of B．due to C．instead of D．apart from B　解析：根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。due to“由于”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.occupied B．empty C．open D．closed C　解析：根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放(open)，因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。‎ ‎16．A.disappointedly B．surprisedly 14‎ C．deliberately D．confidently D　解析：根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，当生活回到正轨时，作者信心满满(confidently)。‎ ‎17．A.fight B．meet C．change D．delay A　解析：根据上文可知，作者战胜了(fight)危机，生活重新步入正轨。‎ ‎18．A.general B．positive C．friendly D．honest B　解析：根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的(positive)生活态度帮助作者战胜了生活中的危机。‎ ‎19．A.offer B．expect C．manage D．send A　解析：根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.as if B．in that C．now that D．in case D　解析：根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”。‎ 课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达 阅读理解 ‎(2020·安徽六校联考)‎ The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own 14‎ ‎ house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?‎ The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside force—were deciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.‎ In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic(悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a 4year college education in order to be successful.‎ Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective highschool education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。‎ ‎1．It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ________．‎ A．a sense of drive and purpose B．an advanced academic degree C．a firm belief in his or her dream D．an ambition to get ahead B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More specifically, they agree on how to ‎ 14‎ get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，过去在美国，人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎2．What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?‎ A．More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.‎ B．It remains alive among the majority of American people.‎ C．An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.‎ D．Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎3．What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?‎ A．It still remains open to debate.‎ B．It has proved to be beyond doubt.‎ C．It is much better understood now than ever.‎ D．It is no longer as important as it used to be.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。由此可知，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎4．How do some people view college education these days?‎ A．It helps broaden their minds.‎ B．It needs to be strengthened.‎ C．It widens cultural diversity.‎ D．It promotes gender equality.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推知，‎ 14‎ 如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。故正确答案为A。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·江西三校联考)Are you happy with your appearance? 1.________‎ ‎“Almost all the girls with singlefold eyelids(单眼皮) in our class have had double eyelid operations，” Zeng, a Senior 2 student from Chengdu, told Xinhua. Zeng had the same surgery done this summer. 2.________‎ From popular photoediting apps to plastic surgery(整形手术), it seems that large eyes, pale skin and a skinny body are the only standard for beauty these days. But can following this standard really make us feel good about ourselves?‎ ‎3．________ According to Huxiu News, over six in ten girls choose not to take part in certain daily activities, such as attending school, because they feel bad about their looks. As much as 31 percent of teenagers avoid speaking up in class because they worry that others will notice their looks.‎ ‎“Many teenagers are upset about their appearance because they believe in unrealistic standards of beauty，” experts say. 4.________ Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that they’re too dark, too fat, too short, or too tall.‎ However, trying to live up to strict standards can make us feel anxious. What troubles us is not just our “imperfect” looks, but the fact that we criticize ourselves too much.‎ ‎5．________ Plussize models are being featured in some fashion shows. All of us should be just as confident as they are.‎ A．Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes.‎ B．Some teenagers might feel negative about their appearance.‎ C．Body image anxiety is common among teenagers.‎ D．Guys care just as much as girls do about their body image.‎ E．She and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful.‎ F．It’s common for teenagers to feel confident about their appearance.‎ G．Perfect faces and bodies are everywhere in advertising, TV shows and social media.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讨论了青少年如何看待自己的外貌，‎ 14‎ 鼓励青少年要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式各有不同。‎ ‎1．B　解析：承接上文“Are you happy with your appearance？”，并结合选项可知，选项B对此问题作出了回应，所以选B项。‎ ‎2．E　解析：根据语境及空前一句“Zeng had the same surgery done this summer.”可知，Zeng也做了双眼皮手术，故E项“她和她的许多同学认为大眼睛看起来更漂亮”符合语境，承接上文。‎ ‎3．C　解析：本段主要讲的是很多青少年对自己的外貌不满意，甚至感到焦虑，故C项“外貌焦虑在青少年中很普遍”适合作本段主题句。‎ ‎4．G　解析：根据空后的“Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that they’re too dark, too fat, too short, or too tall.”，并结合上文“unrealistic standards of beauty”可推知，通过与非现实的审美标准形成对比，许多青少年对自己的外貌有自卑感，与选项G的内容联系紧密，所以选G项。‎ ‎5．A　解析：根据下文“All of us should be just as confident as they are.”可知，本段主要讲的是要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式多种多样，而不是只有一个标准，所以选A项。‎ 短文改错 ‎(2020·济南模拟)‎ Dear Mr. Brown，‎ We have learned that you were going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party which will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will possible last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing some English songs. In the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly making by ourselves. I believe you will have a good time together.‎ Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Frank 答案：‎ Dear Mr. Brown，‎ 14‎ We have learned that you going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party 　 will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and some English songs. the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly by ourselves. I believe will have a good time together.‎ Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Frank 书面表达 ‎(2020·安徽五校质检)假定你是高三学生李华，你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．推荐一门选修课；‎ ‎2．说明推荐的理由；‎ ‎3．提出学习这门课程的建议。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ 14‎ Dear Jim，‎ I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more.‎ I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice. By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Furthermore, you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible. Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.‎ What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 14‎