高考英语一轮复习Module4WhichEnglish？课后达标检测外研版选修8 7页

Module 4 Which English？‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·贵阳适应性考试一)Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.‎ Almost twothirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．‎ Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.‎ The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.‎ If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.‎ ‎“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention worldclass cuisine！”‎ They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”‎ 7‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。‎ ‎1．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?‎ A．Brits are poor at languages.‎ B．Brits regret what they have done.‎ C．Brits like relying on others.‎ D．Brits are good at languages.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。‎ ‎2．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?‎ A．About 10%. B．About 12%.‎ C．About 20%. D．About 21%.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。‎ ‎3．How is the text mainly developed?‎ A．By analyzing causes.‎ B．By giving examples.‎ C．By making description.‎ D．By listing data.‎ D　解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。‎ B ‎(2020·福建三校第一学期联考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.‎ It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.‎ The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires,‎ 7‎ ‎ agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．‎ Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.‎ ‎“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about a year globally.”‎ In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。‎ ‎4．What do we know about PM 2.5?‎ A．It has a bad effect on human health.‎ B．It will be controlled in the future.‎ C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.‎ D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。‎ ‎5．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?‎ A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.‎ B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.‎ C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.‎ D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution 7‎ ‎ and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.‎ B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.‎ C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.‎ D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution　‎ D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·济南模拟)About one hundred years ago many educated people learned and spoke French when they met people from other countries. Today most people speak English when they meet foreigners. 1.________ There are more people who speak English as a second language than people who speak English as a first language. Why is this?‎ ‎2．________ One of them is that English has become the language of business. Another important reason is that popular American culture(like movies and music) has quickly spread throughout the world. 3.________‎ Is it good that English has spread to all parts of the world so quickly? 4.________ It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common. Our world has become very global and we need to communicate with one another. On the other hand, English is a fairly complicated language to learn and it brings 7‎ ‎ its culture with it. Do we really need that?‎ Scientists have already tried to create an artificial language that isn’t too difficult and doesn’t include any group’s culture. It is called Esperanto. 5.________ Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either. There are more people in the world who speak Chinese than any other language. Maybe someday Chinese will be the new international language.‎ A．People like English.‎ B．But it hasn’t become popular.‎ C．It has brought its language with it.‎ D．There is no doubt about the question.‎ E．This is why English was widely spoken.‎ F．It has become the new international language.‎ G．There are many reasons why English has become so popular.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了英语作为国际语言流行的原因及对未来可能流行的语言的预测。‎ ‎1．F　解析：根据第一段的前两句可知，大约一百年前很多有学问的人学习法语，并且在见到来自其他国家的人时说法语，现在大部分人见到外国人时说英语。由此可推知，英语已经成了新的国际性语言。故选F项。‎ ‎2．G　解析：承接上文“Why is this？”，并结合本段中的“One of them is”和“Another important reason is”可推知，此空表述英语流行有诸多原因，故选G项。‎ ‎3．C　解析：承接上文美国文化在全球的流行可知，它的语言也随之而来，故选C项。‎ ‎4．D　解析：承接上文的疑问句，并结合下文的肯定陈述“It’s important to have a language that the people of the earth have in common.”可知，此处是表示英语在全世界的传播是一件好事，故选D项。‎ ‎5．B　解析：结合下文“Maybe the popularity of English won’t last that long either.”可知，B项“但是它并没有流行起来”符合语境，衔接上下文。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·绵阳第一次诊断)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008. Its goal is 1.____________(make) sure all children have a chance for education.‎ It all started when he was a college student. Adam Braun was visiting India when 2.____________ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money. He asked her what she desired 3.____________(much) of all in the world. Astonishingly, her answer was “a pencil”. The girl had never been to school before, and that was the 7‎ ‎ 4.____________(real) for 57 million children around the world.‎ After graduation, Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5.____________(her). “We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6.____________ quality education. So I was determined to create schools in other places 7.____________children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media.‎ ‎“We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children, but that we’re 8.____________(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom. That’s why our 9.____________(kid) in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said.‎ Since then, it 10.____________(help) more than 22，000 children in Africa, Asia and Latin America.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了Adam Braun建立了一个旨在帮助所有孩子接受教育的组织。‎ ‎1．to make　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是确保所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。此处用不定式作表语。‎ ‎2．a　解析：考查冠词。句意：Adam Braun在印度游览时，一个女孩在街上拦住了他，向他要钱。girl为可数名词单数，且此处是第一次提到，故应用不定冠词a。‎ ‎3．most　解析：考查副词的最高级。句意：他问她在世界上她最想要什么。根据句意及空后的“of all”可知，此处表示“最想要”，故应用副词的最高级形式。‎ ‎4．reality　解析：考查名词。句意：这个女孩从来没有上过学，这是全世界5 700万孩子的现状。此处定冠词“the”后应跟名词。故用reality，意为“事实，现实”。‎ ‎5．hers　解析：考查代词。句意：毕业后，Adam Braun从来没有忘记这个女孩和她的问题。介词of后应跟名词性物主代词，表示“她的”，故此处应用hers。‎ ‎6．to　解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配have access to sth.“有机会使用……”，故应用介词to。‎ ‎7．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词other places，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。‎ ‎8．actually　解析：考查副词。句意：我们努力确保这个项目不只是孩子们漂亮的图片和视频，还有我们真正地看到课堂上令人惊叹的成果。修饰动词应用副词actually。‎ ‎9．kids　解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：Braun说，这就是在Pencils of Promise学校的孩子们从一个年级到下个年级进步迅速的原因。根据句意及谓语动词progress可知，此处应用kid的复数形式。‎ ‎10．has helped　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，‎ 7‎ 它已经帮助了非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的22 000多个孩子。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时。‎ 7‎