2020届江苏省高三英语二轮复习：完形填空解题策略（共44张PPT）课件 44页

高三英语二轮复习 完形填空解题策略 如何 做好完型填空题？ 正确的答题步骤 适当的答题技巧 适量的实践训练 完型填空解题步骤 关注首尾句，把握全貌 通览全文，试选答案 细 读 章节 ， 推敲难题 复读全文，检验答案 1. 利用 首尾句 进行预测 2. 根据 词汇、信息复现 解题 3. 根据 词汇辨析 解题 4. 根据 逻辑 结构 解题 　 5. 根据 生活常识及文化背景 知识 解题 6. 根据 词语的习惯用法和固定 搭配 解题 7. 利用 语法分析 解题 8. 利用 排除法 解题 完形填空解题策略 1 、 利用 首尾句进行预测 通常情况下，完型填空的首句不设空，它提供的信息对全文的理解定位有很好的启示作用 。而 尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口 ，细读首尾句对 我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用 。 【 2019 江苏卷 】 短文第一段首句和第三句都是完整的，没有空格。因此由这两句 “Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age ” “ The white-naped crane is a typical example. ” 并结合第二段首句部分内容 “Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ……” 我们 可以进行这样的预测： 为了 拯救濒临灭绝的白枕鹤 ， Chris 与 Tim 付出 了不懈的努力 。本篇 应该是 记叙文 ，可能会夹带一些议论 。 2. 根据词汇、信息的 复现解题 完 形 填空试题中，某一词常常以原词、代词、同义词、近义词以及其它形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整的意义整体。因此，做题时要 联系上下文，寻求信息以确定 答案。 典例：（ 2019 天津卷） She 25 (calculated) that going to a stranger’s house was a 26 move, but she decided to take the chance. 26. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal 解析：本题下文中的 take the chance 意为“冒险”，而选项中的 risky 与其同义，再结合句意可知答案是 risky 。 典例：（ 2018 江苏卷） 49 ( Eventually), the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever. 50. A. gained B. kept C. wounded D. lost 解析：根据空前的 re-found （重新获得）推断出他们本以为会永远失去肌肉的力量的， lost 是 re-found 的反义词，符合题意。 典 例：（ 2016 全国新课 标 卷 I I ） Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device on your desk. And they’ve never actually 41 you….Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met … 41. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met 解析： 本 题是一道明显的词汇复现题，在下文可以找到原词 met 。 典例： The first time I saw Suzy, I knew I had to help her. She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off… 36. A. joked B. cared C. forgot D. worried 解析：下文中的 laughed their heads off 是“ 大笑 ” 的意思，由此信息推断，答案应为 A 。 典例 ：I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn ’ t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly. A. roommateB . classmateC.neighbo r D . companion 解析： 上文提到 the room 还有 furniture ,bed 等，可以推断 Amy 是我的新室友。 3. 利用词汇辨析解题 完型填空考点设计全面，突出对实词的考查，以语义性填空为主，尤其注重考查词汇的辨析与运用。考生平时应积极储备词汇知识。做题时必须 从句子的语境出发，根据文章的中心、上下文的意思，确定空白处的意思，然后选出合乎语境的 单词或短语。 典例： What truly defines you is not the degree to which you fail. It’s what you do 19 (when) you make a mistake. When you learn from it and 20 yourself back up, you never truly fail---as long as you keep moving in the right direction. 20. A. set B. pick C. pull D. fill 解析：根据下文 , 此处应该意为“当你从失败中学习并振作起来 , 你就不会失败。”， pick up 有跌倒了站起来、恢复的意思，符合此处语境。 典例： And despite being more than 30 years older than his classmates, he never felt out of 6 . 6. A. control B. work C. sight D. place 解析：根据前一句可知，他尽管比他的同学们大 30 多岁，但他从没感觉不适宜。 典例： They meet together 4 to discuss and consult on various matters related to the school---curriculum, budgets, faculty , salaries, library facilities, or 5 (whatever) it may be . 4. A. regularly B. normally C. commonly D. ordinarily 解析：本题考查副词辨析。根据句意应是“定期会面”，所以答案是 regularly. 典例： I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14, he said “ You’re never going to be 2 but a failure. A. anything B. something C. everything D.nothing 解析：本题考查不定代词与 but 连用的辨析。句意为“你永远都会是个失败者。” anything but 是绝对不，绝不是的意思。符合题意。 典例： The degree he pursued is 15 (challenging). We’re just very proud to have him 16 the program here. 16. A. live through B. go through C. think through D. look through 解析：根据上文可知这里应该是能够让他在大学里通过，完成这个课程计划。 4 . 根据 逻辑结构解题 逻辑是作者的行文方式，主要包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词来表达，关系非常明显 ; 有的隐含在句与句之中，关系比较隐晦 。 同学们 应该 根据前后信息进行思考 ，拨开 迷雾 ，通过准确 理解上下文间的逻辑 关系准确答题。 典例：（ 2018 北京卷） For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source of temptation. But the 16 (urge) would be greater if you were living on the street with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable. 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 解析：根据上一句可知，对于住在大街上、几乎没有食物和金钱的人来说，这种欲望无疑会更加强烈，结合下文 Tom Smith 的做法可知，他的行为更加引人注目。所以根据语境，此处含有递进关系。 e ven 意为“甚至” ，修饰比较级，符合语境。 典例： This guy has nothing and 27 (yet) he didn’t take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 . 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 解析：本题也是考查逻辑判断。这个人身无分文，但他没有把钱包据为己有，相反地，他考虑了其他人。 i nstead 意为“相反；而；却”，符合语境。 典例： (2019 浙江卷 ) Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. 48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest 解析：设空处后的 while 表示对比，根据下文的 the most difficult 可知答案是 A 。 典例： “ Would you mind telling me when you are thinking of leaving?__40__are you going to sit in your car all day?” 40 . A. For B . Or C . But D . So 解析 ：根据空前的 leaving 和空后的 sit in your car all day ，说明对方在询问并让“我”做出选择，从而推知答案为表示选择关系的连词 or 。 典 例： (2018 浙江） Since his regular job was 48 , I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time. 48. A. safe B. important C. boring D. rewarding 解析：根据下文及 上 文原因状语从句中的引导词 since （既然）可知，此处指他不喜欢他的固定工作，所以选择 C 。 5. 利用生活或 文化背景常识解题 完型填空的语篇中往往渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省时间，提高准确率。 典例 ： He agreed, but 43 (added), “An odometer without a speedometer （速度计） is like a 44 without a knife. 44. A. pencil B. fork C. box D.cake 解析：本题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。西方人使用刀、叉吃饭为基本常识，了解西方人的生活方式是本题解题的关键。 典例：After ______ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A . g rowing B . putting C . planting D . laying 解析：根据 常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插” “插牢” 。 典例： (2018 浙江 6 月） So, try 53 (filling up) your time with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done, ask a 55 (busy) person to do it. 54. A. message B. story C. saying D. fact 解析：根据下文的 if you want something done, ask a ___ person to do it 以及常识可知，空后应为一句格言或俗语 。 典例： By now, medical staff had arrived, and were 40 the injured woman. We gave the flower to the woman’s husband and I told him it was 41 (from) my son. 40. A. checking with B. looking after C. operating on D. praying for 解析：此故事发生地点是在超市入口，根据常识，医护人员是在照顾受伤的人，而不是核对、动手术或祈祷。 6. 根据固定搭配和习惯用法解题 英语中，有些单词词义相近，而句型结构及跟其他词的搭配却截然不同。考生不能单从词义上去辨析，而应审查空白前后的名词、动词、介词或非谓语动词等，比较与各选项的搭配关系，然后确定答案。 典例： At this store , a 42 (sight)like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 43 on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind. 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call 解析： 四 个选项中，与动词 make 和介词 on 搭配构成短语又符合句意的只有 comment 。 典 例：＂ I think the faith that everyone has shown  33 him has touched him . 33.A. of    B. at    C. for    D.  in 解析：本题考查介词和名词的搭配。 f aith 常和介词 in 搭配，意为：对 …… 的信任。 典例 ：They  could ’ t read or write. They didn ’ t like to work and they never ______ baths . A . took  B. washed  C. ran  D. covered  【解析】 本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。 典例： The degree 1 which American parents are 2 (involved) in their children’s schools is often surprising to people of other countries. 1. A. on B. to C. in D. with 解析：本题考查介词用法。 t o a degree 意为“在一定程度上”。属于固定搭配。 典例 ： Several thoughts 32 my mind as I watched him work. He wasn't well-dressed. He had on a pair of shorts and a simple T-shirt. 32. A. crossed B. slipped C. disturbed D. inspired 【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配 cross one‘s mind ，意 为“想法掠过，出现 … ”。 7 、利用 语法分析解题 借助语法分析 来解题是 很有必要的。 一方面利用语法分析理 清句子结构 ，能有助于 我们对文章语境的把握 ; 另一方面 ，考题中也会考察语法知识。 典例： They meet together 4 (regularly) to discuss and consult on various matters related to the school---curriculum, budgets, faculty , salaries, library facilities, or 5 it may be. 5. A. wherever B . whenever C . whoever D . whatever 解析：本题考查让步状语从句的用法。跟上文列举的词并列的应该是 whatever 。 典 例： It suddenly 13 to me that the traffic policeman had been trying to help me out. He hadn’t minded about the 5 kmph; he had known 14 (something) about the insurance that I had not. 13. A. occurred B. appeared C. struck D. hit 考查句型 it occurs to sb that… “某人突然想起”。 8. 利用排除法解题 解答完型填空题需要进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对四个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析。有时会遇到这样的情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义和用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项有显而易见的错误。这时，可以尝试用排除法。 典例：He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ______ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. A. r est B. break C. walk D. stop 解析：人 不可能在厕所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三个选项。 典例： Then one year later, an agricultural disaster s truck Michigan…All of the elms 8 (lining) the road became infected and died. Everyone 9 that the old elm would be the next. 9. A. prayed B. hoped C. wished D. figured 解析：本题可以通过排除法确定答案。 h ope 和 wish 都是希望的意思， pray 祈祷它会死不符合语境， figure 此处意为“认为，认定。” 总结 做完形填空时不仅要运用词汇、语法等方面的语言知识，以及生活常识、背景知识和语篇知识，还需要有很强的阅读理解能力和逻辑推理、判断分析能力。所以我们在平时的学习中要养成良好的阅读习惯，培养健康的阅读心理，积累一定的文化背景知识，注重训练判断推理能力，培养自己综合运用英语的能力。