高考英语必修1：Travel journal 语法学案（人教版必修1） 4页

Unit 3 Travel journal 语法学案（人教版必修1）‎ 一、教学内容 必修1 Unit 3 Travel journal The present continuous tense to express future actions（现在进行时表示将来）‎ 二、知识精讲 ‎（一）现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作或状态，由am /is /are + doing 构成。‎ ‎（二）现在进行时的基本用法：‎ ‎1. 表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例：‎ We are having an English class. 我们在上英语课。‎ ‎2. 表示现阶段暂时的或正在进行的情况，说话时动作未必正在进行。例：‎ They are saving money to buy a new car recently.‎ 最近他们正在攒钱买车。‎ ‎3. 表示发展中的或正在改变的情况，常用的动词有get, grow, become,‎ turn, run, go, begin等。例：‎ The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。‎ It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。‎ ‎4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩（赞成、讨厌、生气等情绪）。例：‎ He is constantly disturbing me while I am working.我工作的时候他老是打扰我。‎ You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。‎ 即学即用：‎ ‎（1）The traffic in our city is already good and it _____ even better.‎ A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting ‎ ‎（2）—What’s the matter? — The shoes don’t fit properly. They _____ my feet.‎ A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt ‎ ‎（3）She ___ when I go to see her.‎ A. is always working B. always worked ‎ C. has always worked D. was always working ‎ 答案：DAA 知识拓展：‎ 过去进行时 ‎ 结构为：was/were + doing ‎ ‎1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的状态或动作，这一过去时间须用时间状语来表示。例：‎ He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.他昨天一整天都在准备他的讲座。‎ ‎2. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。‎ 例：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.　 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。‎ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。‎ ‎3. 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的动作。例：‎ He said she was arriving the next day.他说她第二天就到。‎ 即学即用：‎ I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother ______ on the phone all the time!‎ A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked 答案：A 注意：大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：‎ ‎（1）表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong to, possess, owe，exist, include, stay, remain,等。例：‎ I have two brothers. 我有两个兄弟。‎ This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。‎ ‎（2）表示心理状态的词，如remember, know, believe, want, need, understand, forget, realize, think, suppose, prefer, love , hate 等。 例： ‎ I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。‎ He loves her very much. 他深深地爱着她。‎ ‎（3）瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。例： ‎ I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。‎ ‎（4）系动词或感官动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。例：‎ You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。‎ 即学即用：‎ I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _____ coffee.‎ A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring ‎ 答案：A ‎（三）现在进行时除了表示正在进行的目前的或暂时的情况外，还可以表示将来时态。用现在进行时表示将来, 指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作；含义是“预定要……。谓语通常为瞬间性的动词如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, meet, get 等. 例：‎ My plane is taking off at 9:20, so I must be at the airport by 8:30.‎ 我乘坐的飞机将于9:20分起飞, 所以我必须在8:30之前赶到机场。‎ My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。‎ 即学即用：‎ It’s really time I went home but I’m enjoying myself so I ________ here a bit longer.‎ A. stay B. have stayed C. stayed D. am staying 答案：D ‎（四）单纯表将来的一般将来时有多种表示方法： ‎ ‎1. shall/ will +do ‎ shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例：‎ The building will be finished next month.这座大楼将于下个月竣工。‎ Will you post this letter for me, please？请您帮我把这封信寄出去行吗？‎ 注意：will 的特殊用法 ‎（1）The light is on . I will turn it off . ( 表临时性的决定)‎ ‎（2）I will check this letter for you if you want. （表愿意或不愿意）你要想让我给你查查这封信，我就给你查查。‎ 即学即用：‎ ‎—How can I apply for an online course?‎ ‎—Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you. ‎ A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see 答案：D ‎2. be going to ‎ ‎（1）现在的打算、意图，即将做某事。例：‎ I’m going to cut this tree down. 我打算把这棵树砍倒.‎ ‎（2）表示最近、未来的计划或安排将要发生。例：‎ The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。‎ ‎（3）有迹象要发生的事。例：‎ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。‎ 即学即用：‎ Look at the black clouds. It ___soon.‎ A. is raining B. is to rain C. will rain D. is going to rain 答案：D ‎3. be to do 按计划或正式安排将要发生的动作或表示命令、禁止，具有“必要”的强制性意义。例：‎ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。‎ You are to finish your work in four days.你必须四天之内完成工作。‎ ‎4. be about to 意为马上做某事，刚要，正要（表示非常近的将来）不能与tomorrow 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。例：‎ He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。‎ I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so.我正要去游泳，这时向导大声叫我不要去。‎ ‎5. 一般现在时表示将来时 ‎（1）按规定或时刻表预计要发生的未来动作，仅限于动词come, go, leave, move, start, return, arrive, begin, stay等动词。例：‎ The plane takes off at 10:10. That is , it’s leaving in ten minutes.飞机10点10分起飞，也就是说，飞机10分钟后起飞。‎ ‎（2）在时间，条件或让步状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。‎ 即学即用：‎ He says he ________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.‎ A. will not give; succeeded B. would not give; succeeded C. will not give; succeed D. will not give; will succeed.‎ 答案：C 辨析：be going to / will / be to do ‎ ‎(1) 用于条件句时，be going to表将来, will表意愿。例：‎ If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你想去旅行的话， 你最好尽快作好准备。‎ Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.现在如果你愿意脱下衣服，我们将在镜子前给你试穿新衣。‎ ‎(2) be to/be going to ‎ be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I am to have a meeting tomorrow afternoon.　　明天下午我去开会。（客观安排）‎ I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1. I’m glad you’ve come, Miss Rose; I ____ you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now.‎ A. am going to call B. was about to call C. had called D. am to call ‎2. — The Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei is here already.‎ ‎— I ____ he ____ until tomorrow.‎ A. think; is coming B. thought; would come C. didn’t think; was coming D. don’t think; will come ‎3. The couple ____. I really don’t know why.‎ A. always quarrel B. are always quarreling C. have always quarreled D. have always been quarreled ‎4. My money____. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before I’ve none in hand.‎ A. has run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. is being run out ‎ ‎5. — I thought I asked you to fix the radio.‎ ‎— Oh, I’m sorry. Mother, I ____ it right now.‎ A. am to do B. will do C. was about to do D. am going to do ‎6. The harder you ____, the greater progress you ____.‎ A. will study; will make B. study; will make C. study; make D. will study; make ‎ ‎7. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.‎ ‎—Impossible. She TV with me in my home then.‎ A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. was watching ‎8. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out .‎ A. had worn B. are wearing C. were having on D. were dressing ‎ ‎9. The plane _____ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.‎ A. has left B. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves ‎10. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_________ so rapidly. ‎ A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 答案：BCBBB BDBDA