2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题十四　社会热点（A） 8页

www.ks5u.com 话题十四　社会热点(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·重庆第二次调研]Ask 9yearold Annie what the worst thing was that ever happened in her house last year, and she won't tell you that it was her parents' divorcing, although they did. No, what Annie remembers most are the horrible fights leading up to the announcement about the divorce which was, as turned out, despite her parents' anxiety about telling her, “not that big of a deal”. “I already knew they were not getting along well，” Annie says. “Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy. When they finally decided to get a divorce, all that stopped.”‎ Annie's experience is more common than you might think, and there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that “staying together for the sake of the children” is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good. According to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce, and if you think that your children don't know that there's trouble in family, then you're kidding yourself. The home life of children whose parents have an unhappy marriage is often far from ideal, and what's worse, parents will compound the problem by taking their unhappiness out on the children.‎ The Center for Moving Forward conducted a study in 2014 in which they followed 25 families whose parents had been in marriage counseling. After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better. The study took the social and the children's general sense of wellbeing into consideration.‎ ‎1．Why was Annie really unhappy according to Paragraph 1?‎ A．Because her parents fought every night.‎ B．Because her parents finally got divorced.‎ C．Because her parents decided to abandon her.‎ D．Because her parents got along badly with her.‎ ‎2．Which statement may psychologist Lynn Martingdale agree with?‎ A．Separation and divorce will hurt the children most.‎ B．Keeping an unhappy marriage hurts children more.‎ C．Children can't understand their parents' marriage well.‎ D．Children can't feel the unhappiness from their parents.‎ ‎3．What's the function of the last paragraph in the passage?‎ A．To give an example of divorce.‎ B．To support Annie's correct answer.‎ C．To further clear the author's viewpoint.‎ D．To highlight the importance of the study.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Divorce Is Good for Children B．Divorce Is Not the Worst Thing C．Fighting Is Often Stressful D．Staying Together Is for Children Only B ‎[2020·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试]Selfdriving cars have been backed by the hope that they will save lives by getting involved in fewer crashes with fewer injuries and deaths than humandriven cars. But so far, most comparisons between human drivers and automated vehicles have been unfair.‎ Crash statistics for humandriven cars are gathered from all sorts of driving situations, and on all types of roads. However, most of the data on selfdriving cars' safety have been recorded often in good weather and on highways, where the most important tasks are staying in the car's own lane and not getting too close to the vehicle ahead. Automated cars are good at those tasks, but so are humans.‎ ‎ It is true that selfdriving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk. But neither can they yet react to uncertain situations with the same skill or anticipation of an attentive human driver. Nor do they possess the foresight to avoid potential perils. They largely drive from moment to moment, rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road.‎ ‎ To a selfdriving car, a bus full of people might appear quite similar to an uninhabited cornfield. Indeed, deciding what action to take in an emergency is difficult for humans, but drivers have sacrificed themselves for the greater good of others. An automated system's limited understanding of the world means it will almost never evaluate(评估) a situation the same way a human would. And machines can't be programmed in advance to handle every imaginable set of events.‎ ‎ Some people may argue that the promise of simply reducing the number of injuries and deaths is enough to support driverless cars. But experience from aviation(航空) shows that as new automated systems are introduced, there is often an increase in the rate of disasters.‎ ‎ Therefore comparisons between humans and automated vehicles have to be performed carefully. To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how ‎ well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison. After all, choosing to replace humans with automation has more effects than simply a oneforone exchange.‎ ‎5．What makes the comparison between selfdriving cars and humandriven cars unfair?‎ A．Selfdriving cars never get tired.‎ B．Statistics are collected differently.‎ C．Machines can make decisions faster.‎ D．Selfdriving cars know the world better.‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “perils” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Selfdriving cars.‎ C．Pedestrians. D．Humandriven cars.‎ ‎7．In which aspect can selfdriving cars beat humandriven cars?‎ A．Driving steadily.‎ B．Climbing steep slopes.‎ C．Evaluating the cost of loss.‎ D．Making complex decisions.‎ ‎8．Why does the author write this text?‎ A．To support humandriven cars.‎ B．To show his doubt about selfdriving cars.‎ C．To call for exact evaluation of selfdriving cars.‎ D．To stress the importance of reducing car accidents.‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I worried I was saying no to my kid too much. So I came up with a __1__ experiment: one week of saying yes to anything my kid asked for (within reason). Of course, I made some rules.‎ I started my Week of Yes, but quickly realized that my __2__ of saying no was deeply rooted in my brain. I went to __3__ my 6yearold daughter after camping, and she __4__ an ice cream in a nearby stand. I was about to say no without __5__. But then I remembered I had to say yes for a week and I __6__. She sweetly thanked me. She must have sensed __7__ was going on because she asked if she could __8__ television as soon as we walked into our house. “Yes，” I said. But I was able to __9__ her to one episode (一集), and she turned the TV off without __10__.‎ Then it was midweek, and we settled into a cycle of television and ice cream. This is, __11__， all my daughter wants in life. Before bedtime, she asked to go to the beach. __12__ the next day we had fun searching for seashells and racing with the waves.‎ At no time during the week did my daughter ask to do anything absurd or __13__. Saying yes allowed her to grow into herself, helped me to lighten up and relax as a __14__， and also offered new __15__ for us to connect, play and bond.‎ ‎1．A.popular B. secret C．scientific D．basic ‎2．A.trick B．worry C．burden D．habit ‎3．A.pick up B．look after C．see off D．glance at ‎4．A.tried B．searched for C．asked for D．bought ‎5．A.speaking B．stopping C．changing D．thinking ‎6．A.refused B．promised C．laughed D．agreed ‎7．A.something B．anything C．everything D．nothing ‎8．A.prefer B．fix C．buy D．watch ‎9．A.limit B．devote C．lead D．help ‎10．A.thanks B．apology C．permission D．complaint ‎11．A.apparently B．finally C．hopefully D．luckily ‎12．A.But B．So C．Even D．Still ‎13．A.important B．extreme C．difficult D．similar ‎14．A.daughter B．kid C．parent D．family ‎15．A.support B．information C．opportunities D．advantages 话题十四　社会热点(A)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：议论文　题材：社会热点　主题：离婚对孩子的影响 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是一篇议论文。文章以9岁的孩子Annie的父母由于争吵导致最终离婚的叙述引入主题，接着通过论据论证了“在不幸的婚姻中，离婚并不是最糟糕的事”这一主题。‎ ‎【难句分析1】　No, what Annie remembers most are the horrible fights leading up to the announcement about the divorce which was, as turned out, despite her parents' anxiety about telling her, “not that big of a deal”．‎ ‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“what Annie remembers most”为what引导的主语从句；“which was, as turned out, and despite her parents' anxiety about telling her，‘not that big of a deal’”为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the divorce。‎ ‎ 译文：不，Annie记得最清楚的是导致(她的父母)宣告离婚的可怕的争吵，尽管她的父母害怕告诉她，但是正如事实证明的那样，离婚“没什么大不了的”。‎ ‎ 【难句分析2】　The home life of children whose parents have an unhappy marriage is often far from ideal, and what's worse, parents will compound the problem by taking their unhappiness out on the children.‎ ‎ 分析：该句为并列句。前一分句中“whose parents have an unhappy marriage”为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词children，whose在从句中作定语。‎ ‎ 译文：父母婚姻不幸福的孩子的家庭生活往往很不理想，更糟的是，父母把他们的不幸福发泄在孩子身上，会使问题更加严重。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：A　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Every night after I went to bed, I would hear my parents fighting. It made me really unhappy”可知，Annie的父母每天晚上都吵架，这让她感到很不幸福，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“According ‎ to psychologist Lynn Martingdale, hearing their parents arguing is often more stressful for children than separation and divorce”可知，心理学家Lynn Martingdale认为，听父母吵架对孩子来说往往比分居和离婚更有压力，据此可以判断，Lynn Martingdale认为维持不幸福的婚姻会更加伤害孩子，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：C　考查写作目的。根据最后一段中的“After tracking these families for 5 years, they found that the children of the parents who eventually got divorced were not worse off than the children of those who remained together, and in some cases fared better”可知，在对这些家庭进行了5年的跟踪调查后，他们发现，最终父母离婚的孩子并不比那些父母仍在一起的孩子生活得更差，在某些情况下，他们的生活更好(fare better)。据此可知，最后一段旨在通过研究进一步说明本文的论点：在不幸的婚姻中，离婚不是最糟糕的选择。故C项正确。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：B　考查标题判断。根据第一段第二句和Annie所说的话可知，对孩子们来说，父母的争吵比离婚更糟糕；结合第二段中的“there is a great deal of evidence to suggest that ‘staying together for the sake of the children' is not what should be encouraged, and may do more harm than good”可以判断，本文的主旨是：在不幸的婚姻中，和离婚相比，父母为孩子而在一起给孩子的伤害更大。最后一段的研究也论证了这一点。故B项最适合作为本文标题。‎ B 体裁：议论文　主题语境：人与社会——热点问题——准确评估自动驾驶汽车 ‎ 【文章大意】　自动驾驶汽车一直被推崇，人们希望这些汽车通过比人类驾驶汽车更少地带来伤亡和撞车来挽救生命，但是目前大多数人类司机和自动化汽车之间的比较是不公平的，我们应该综合考虑各种因素，确保收集的数据的可比较性，从而真实、客观地评价自动驾驶汽车。‎ ‎ 【熟词生义】　back (Para.1, line 1)常用义：n. 背部 ‎ 例句：Do you sleep on your back or your front？你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？‎ ‎ 文章义：v. 支持 ‎ 例句：Her parents backed her in her choice of career.她父母支持她的职业选择。‎ ‎ good (Para.4, line 4)常用义：adj. 好的 ‎ 例句：The results were pretty good.结果相当不错。‎ ‎ 文章义：n. 益处 ‎ 例句：Cuts have been made for the good of the company.实行裁减是为了公司的利益。‎ ‎ 【难句分析】　To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety, it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison.(Para. 6)‎ ‎ 分析：“To fairly evaluate driverless cars on how well they fulfill their promise of improved safety”是不定式作目的状语；“it's important to ensure the data being presented actually provide a true comparison”中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语；being presented作the data的后置定语。‎ ‎ 译文：为了公平地评估无人驾驶汽车在多大程度上实现了其提高安全性的承诺，确保所提交的数据能够确实提供真实的比较是重要的。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句及第二段第一、二句的内容可知，人类驾驶汽车和自动驾驶汽车的碰撞事故的数据收集情况不同，不能公平比较，故选B。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：A　考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“rather than think ahead to possible events literally down the road”并结合画线词所在句可知，自动驾驶汽车没有预见能力来避免潜在的危险；由此可推知，画线词意为“危险”。‎ ‎【技巧点拨】　猜测词义的方法多种多样，考生可以根据上下文的语境进行推测，也可根据定义、标点符号(如破折号、冒号、分号等)进行推测。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句“It is true that selfdriving cars don't get tired, angry, frustrated or drunk”可推知，在驾驶稳定性方面，自动驾驶汽车胜过人类驾驶汽车，故选A。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“To fairly evaluate driverless cars...actually provide a true comparison”并结合文章其他内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们对自动驾驶汽车作出准确的评价。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：家庭教育　主题：说yes效果更好 ‎【文章大意】　“我”原本对女儿非常严厉，对她的各种要求都严词拒绝。但有一天，“我”尝试改变，实行了一个周计划，保证一周中不说no，只说yes，最终这个计划取得了令人欣喜的效果。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　根据下文的内容可推知，此处表示“我”想到了一个秘密的(secret)试验。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：D　但是“我”说no的习惯在“我”的脑海中已根深蒂固。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　根据语境可知，“我”去接(pick up)“我”‎ ‎6岁的女儿。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：C　根据上下文可知，“我”的女儿请求(asked for)买个冰激凌。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：D　“我”正要不假思索地拒绝，此处without thinking表示“不假思索”。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：D　但当“我”想起这一周是“Yes周”之后，“我”同意给“我”的女儿买冰激凌。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　根据下文的“she asked if she could __8__ television”可知，“我”的女儿一定感觉到了些什么(something)。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：D　根据语境及常识可知，女儿问她是否可以看(watch)电视。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：A　根据上下文可知，虽然“我”答应她可以看电视，但“我”把时间限制在了一集，此处limit表示“限量，减量”。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，既然已经约定好，所以“我”的女儿看完一集后就把电视关了，没有怨言。complaint表示“抱怨，不满”。‎ ‎11．答案与解析：A　根据上文的“we settled into a cycle of television and ice cream”可知，显然(apparently)，这些就是“我”的女儿所想要的。‎ ‎12．答案与解析：B　根据上下文可知，女儿睡觉前提出要去海边，所以(So)第二天我们马上就行动起来了。‎ ‎13．答案与解析：B　根据语境及空前的“absurd”可知，“我”的女儿在这一周中并没有要求做荒谬或极端的事情。‎ ‎14．答案与解析：C　根据上下文可知，“我”的身份是一位家长，故选parent。‎ ‎15．答案与解析：C　根据全文内容可知，这次“Yes周”给了我们机会，让我们的关系更加紧密。‎