2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（22） 11页

‎ 2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（22） ‎ Passage Twenty-three (Women and Fashions)‎ Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.‎ This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the year, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so- called top designers in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.‎ If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually black-mailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes, which have been worn, only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a women is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.‎ Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women, who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-limes are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.‎ No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who ‎ hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.‎ When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.‎ ‎1.      The main idea of this passage is ‎ ‎[A]. New fashions in clothes reflect the qualities of women.‎ ‎. New fashions in clothing are created solely for commercial exploitation of women.‎ ‎[C]. The top designers seem to have the right to creating new fashion.‎ ‎[D]. Men have the basic quality of reliability.‎ ‎2.      Why do the general appearance of actresses look ludicrous?‎ ‎[A]. Because they want their appearance in the fashion.‎ ‎. Because the top designers want them to follow the fashion.‎ ‎[C]. Because the top designers want them to make fashion.‎ ‎[D]. Because the top designers want them to lead the fashion.‎ ‎3.      Why are women mercilessly exploited by the fashion designers?‎ ‎[A]. They love new fashion.           . They love new clothes.‎ ‎[C]. They want to look beautiful.       [D]. They are too vain.‎ ‎4.      What are fashion designers interested in?‎ ‎[A]. Outward appearance.             . Comfort.‎ ‎[C]. Beauty.                        [D]. Durability.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      dated                            过时的 ‎2.      decree                           法令，命令 ‎3.      dictatorial                        专制的，惟我独尊的 ‎4.      arbitrary                         任意的，专横的 ‎5.      take exception (at)                 生气，发怒 ‎6.      take exception to (against)           对……提出异议 ‎7.      dictates (pl)                      意旨，命令，指令 ‎8.      squander                         浪费 ‎9.      hem                             褶边，折缝，镶边 ‎10.      flimsy                           薄的，没有价值的 ‎11.      dainty                           雅致的，讲究的 ‎12.      fickle                           易变的，轻浮的 ‎13.      bully                            欺负 ‎14.      lay down the law           （制定法律）这里指服装设计师发号施令或定出条条框框 难句译注 ‎1.  lay down the law           制定法律。这里指：发号施令或定出条条框框。‎ ‎2.  Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.‎ ‎   [参考译文] 第二年，条例又反过来，人们远没有生气，甚至连稍稍的惊讶都没有。‎ 写作方法和文章大意 文章论述“妇女时装更新”问题，采用因果，对比手法。先从男女演员服装的差异，谈到服装设计师年年变更样式，风格。妇女不顾一切的追随，甘愿被剥削的根源。而男人却能淡然处之。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      B. 创制新时装就是对妇女的商业性剥削。答案遍及全文。也有几段突出描述。如：第二段第四句“每年，巴黎，伦敦的一些所谓高级设计师定出条条框框，全世界妇女竞相服从。设计师的条令难以预测，说一不二。”第三段“要说妇女年年被无情的剥削之事，只能怪她们自己。由于她们一想起在公共场所穿着过失的衣服就会发抖，所以他们每年都被设计师和大商店讹诈（勒索）……”第四段：“许多妇女（每年）浪费大笔钱财来置换她们从未穿过的服装，时装变化就是故意创造浪费。”‎ A. 时装反映妇女的秉性。这是在最后一段结论中提及，不是中心思想。   D. 男人具有可靠性的基本素质。不对。    C. 高级设计师似乎有权创造新款式。这是作者在批评设计者。‎ ‎2.      D. 因为高级设计师请她们领导时装潮流。只是常识，设计师新颖服装的推出，首先是让演员试装——等于时装模特的效用，掀起可以领导时装的新潮流。‎ A. 他们要打扮入时，这只是演员的一方面。      B. 随大流。     C. 作作样子。 都是不对的。‎ ‎3.      D. 他们太好虚荣。 这在文章的好几段内都提到。如第一题中的第二段，三段，四段的参考译文。如第三段后半部分“只穿了几次的衣服就因为时尚的命令而弃之一边。当你想到只有妇女能站在堆满衣服的衣柜前，悲哀的诉说她没有衣服穿。”第四段的后半段“花不起大笔钱财买衣服的妇女会花上好几个小时把他们已有的衣服换来换去”。第五段后半部分“男人一生中经常可以看到大冬天妇女颤抖在薄薄的衣衫中，或者穿着精致的鞋在雪地上选路走，这都令他们发笑”。最后一段结论，画龙点睛的以问点明“经常不断的换时装。人们不禁要问，这是不是反映了妇女轻浮和易变的基本素质（秉性）？”‎ A. 她们爱新时尚；   B. 她们爱新衣服；   C. 她们想瞧着美。这三项只是虚荣的部分组成。‎ ‎4.      A. 外观。答案在第五段“没有人认为时装工业为社会作过真正的贡献。时装设计师很少关心保暖，舒服和耐穿这类紧要的事，他们只是对外观感性趣，他们利用了妇女的心理：只要看着美，她们能忍受一切（痛苦）不舒服……。”‎ B. 舒适。   C. 美，时装不一定美。       D.  耐穿。‎ Passage Twenty-four (A Smuggling Syndicate)‎ ‎   The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations. His business happens to be illegal and risky, but look at the stakes involved: $5 billion worth of heroin smuggled into the United States each year, and $1.5 billion in gold passing annually along smuggling pipelines to India and Indonesia, to France and Morocco, to Brazil and Turkey. Perhaps half of all the watches made in Switzerland reach their eventual wearers by some back door. Most of this illicit trade is carried on with all the efficiency of any multinational company. Entirely legitimate businesses, such as a travel bureau or an import-export agency, are also often fronts for smuggling organizations. One of the world’s largest gold smugglers also owned and operated the franchise for a leading make of British cars in a small Middle Eastern country. He made a good profit from both activities.‎ ‎   A smuggling syndicate operates much like any other business. The boss is really a chief executive. He makes all the plans, establishes international contacts, and thinks up the smuggling ‎ routes and method but remains aloof from actual operations. He is aided by a handful of managers looking after such specialties as financing, travel (one reason why many smuggling syndicates find it handy to have their own travel agency), the bribing of airline or customs officials, and recruitment of couriers, or mules as they are called. There may also be someone in charge of local arrangements in the countries to which the smuggled goods is going.‎ ‎   Another similarity between legitimate business and its illegal counterpart is price fluctuation. Just as the prices of products traded legally vary with quality and market conditions such as supply and demand, so do the prices of goods go up and down in the smuggling trade. Consider the price of drugs. Heroin and cannabis, in whatever form or by whatever name, cone in several grades, each with a going price. The wholesale price at which big dealers sell to big dealers is less than the street price. When the authorities are successful in reducing the supply buy seizures, the price of all grades rises.‎ ‎1.      The main idea for this passage is ‎ ‎[A]. The Comparison between Legitimate Business and Its Illegal Counterpart.‎ ‎. The similarities between Legitimate Business and Smuggling.‎ ‎[C]. Smugglers May Make Great Profit from Both Activities.‎ ‎[D]. The Boss in Smuggling Syndicate is a Chief Executive.‎ ‎2.      When is the price going down?‎ ‎[A]. The quality of the foods and market condition are not very well.‎ ‎. The quality of goods and market condition vary.‎ ‎[C]. Unbalance between supply and demand.‎ ‎[D]. The price of other goods fluctuates.‎ ‎3.      It can be inferred that a smuggler ‎[A]. may make plan and establish international contacts.‎ ‎. is a real boss.‎ ‎[C]. may make money in different ways .‎ ‎[D]. may sell other goods.‎ ‎4.      One of the best ways smugglers usually take is ‎ ‎[A]. to set up multinational companies.‎ ‎. to engage in illegal businesses only.‎ ‎[C]. to make legitimate businesses as fronts for smuggling organizations.‎ ‎   [D]. to make good profits from both activities.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      turnover                      营业额 ‎2.      do credit to                    增光于某人/某物 ‎3.      stake                         下在投机生意上的股本，赌注 ‎4.      smuggling pipeline             走私线路 ‎5.      speciality                     专业部门，公司 ‎6.      recruit                        招募，添补（新兵）‎ 难句译注 ‎1.      The smuggler in many ways is just another international businessman and his turnover would do credit to many international corporations.‎ ‎[结构简析] 并列句 ‎[参考译文] 走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇介绍走私集团的文章，采用对比写法——正常（合法）的商业和走私（非法）集团的对比。第一段第一句就点明宗旨：走私者在许多方面就像一个国际商人，而他的营业额确为许多国际公司增光。不仅如此，有的也经营合法商业，如旅游，进出口公司等，这些往往是非法走私组织的前哨阵地。‎ 第二段介绍了走私辛迪加的经营情况非常类似其他商业。老板就是真正的（执行）董事长。他制定计划，签定国际合同，确定走私路线和方法但不参与具体执行行动。有一批经理助他管理各个专业部门，如财政，旅行，贿赂海关或航空公司官员等，还有当地接应走私货品的负责人。‎ 第三段叙述了合法和非法贸易另一个相似点——价格波动，价格随市场供需和商品质量而有所差异。‎ 答案祥解 ‎1.      B. 合法商业和走私的相似性。是这篇文章的中心思想。它是通过对比方法说明这种相似性。并不是两者对比得出结论。所以 A. 合法商业和非法商业比较。不对。     C. 走私者可以从两种活动中谋取利润  和  D. 走私集团中的老板是董事长，只是对比中提到个别具体事实。不是中心思想。‎ ‎2.      A. 货物质量和市场情况不好。第三段第二句“正如合法商业按质论价和按市场供需价一样，走私商品也是按这两者调节价格的上升和下降。”所以当质量和市场情况不好价格就跌。‎ B. 货物质量和市场变化。这并不一定跌价，也可能上升。      C. 供需不平衡。并没有说明供大于求，和跌价无关。      D. 其它商品价波动。这不一定下跌。所以B,C,D都不对。‎ ‎3.      D. 可能会卖其他货品。题目是推断，（infer）。从第一段最后一句“世界上最大走私黄金商之买卖，可推断出走私商照样可以经营其他商品。至于 A. 制定计划，签定合同。       B. 走私商是真正的老板。         C. 以不同的方式赚钱，都是文章中直抒，不是推断出来的结论。‎ ‎4.      C. 以合法商业掩护他们走私是走私商经常采用，也是最佳的方法之一。‎ A. 多国公司。   B. 只从事非法商贸，这并不是最佳方法。   D. 从两方面赚钱，并不是方法，而是有了掩护所后，多一份收入而已。‎ Passage Twenty-five (Exploration of the Titanic)‎ ‎   After resting on the ocean floor, split asunder and rusting, for nearly three-quarters of a century, a great ship seemed to cone alive again. The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song. But last week what had been legendary suddenly became real. As they viewed videotapes and photographs of the sunken leviathan, millions of people around the world could sense her mass, her eerie quiet and the ruined splendor of a lost age.‎ Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer’s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes. Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ‎ ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.‎ The two-minute videotape and nine photographs, all in color and shot 12,500ft.under the North Atlantic, were a tiny sample of 60 hours of video and 60,000 stills garnered during the twelve-day exploration. They are released at a Washington press conference conducted by Marine Geologist Robert Ballard, 44, who led the teams from the Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution that found the Titanic last September and revisited it this July.‎ Recounting the highlights of what has already become the most celebrated feat of underwater exploration, Ballard revealed some startling new information. His deep-diving craft failed to find the 300-ft. gash that, according to legend, was torn in the Titanic’s hull when the ship plowed into the iceberg. Instead, he suggested, the collision had buckled the ship’s plates, allowing water to pour in. He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down.‎ ‎1.      What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A]. New Information about the Sunken Ship.‎ ‎. Exploration of the Titanic.‎ ‎[C]. To watch the Videotape.‎ ‎[D]. To explore the Titanic with High Tech.‎ ‎2.      How did the viewers feel when watching the videotape?‎ ‎[A]. They felt rather sad, and felt they themselves took part in the exploration.‎ ‎. They felt keenly for it. ‎ ‎[C]. They felt rather bad about it.‎ ‎[D]. They felt out of spirits.‎ ‎3.      When did the great ship sink?‎ ‎[A]. In 1912.‎ ‎. She sank in its maiden voyage in 1912.‎ ‎[C]. She sank in its second voyage in 1912.‎ ‎[D]. She sank in its first voyage in 1912.‎ ‎4.      What did Robert reveal at a press conference?‎ ‎[A]. He revealed some startling information.‎ ‎. He said nothing.‎ ‎[C]. He complained the exploration was very hard.‎ ‎[D]. He revealed the success of their work.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.      split asunder                         向不同方向裂开，散开 ‎2.      saga                               英雄传说，冒险故事 ‎3.      maiden voyage                       处女航 ‎4.      celebrate                            赞美，庆祝。这里指大肆宣传 ‎5.      leviathan                            巨型远洋轮 ‎6.      eerie                               可怕的，怪异的 ‎7.      splendor                            美妙的景象 ‎8.      vicariously                          产生共鸣的，代理的 ‎9.      luxury liner                          豪华巨轮 ‎10.      bollard                              系揽柱 ‎11.      porthole                             舷窗 ‎12.      railing                              栏杆 ‎13.      evoke                               唤起，引起，（招）魂 ‎14.      still                                 静物摄影照片 ‎15.      garner                               收集，积累 ‎16.      highlight                             最精彩场面，最重要部分 ‎17.      feat                                 功绩 ‎18.      gash                                裂缝 ‎19.      hull                                 船体 ‎20.      plow into= plough into                 撞上，干劲十足的投入 ‎21.      buckle                              使弯曲 ‎22.      stern                                船尾 ‎23.      bow                                船头 ‎24.      swivel                               旋转 难句译注 ‎1.      The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1,500 passengers to their death, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.‎ ‎[结构简析] 被动语态，中插定语从句which struck 和分词短语carrying more than 都是修饰 liner.‎ ‎[参考译文] 白星级定期轮班泰坦尼克号于1912年的首航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上一千五百多名乘客全部罹难。此后关于它的种种传说一直为各种刊物，电影，诗歌和歌曲广泛宣传。‎ ‎2.      Watching on television, they vicariously joined the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. (J.J.) as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officer’s quarters and through rust-curtained portholes.‎ ‎[结构简析] 主从句，主句前有分词短语watching, 修饰主句中的they （观众），而从句中（as）they 是指Alvin 和Jason Jr. 后面的分词短语都是说明从句中的they。‎ ‎[参考译文] 观众们看着电视，就像亲临其境似的参与深水工作船阿尔文号和机器人探测器小贾森的工作。随他们巡视这艘豪华举轮残骸，漫游甲板，经过侵蚀的系栏柱，凝视高级船员舱，穿过满是铁锈的舷窗。‎ ‎3.      Views of the railings where doomed passengers and crewmembers stood evoked images of the moonless night 74years ago when the great ship slipped beneath the waves.‎ ‎[结构简析] 主从句，主句中定从where修饰railings。‎ ‎[参考译文] 看到那些栏杆使人想起七十四年前就在这艘巨轮沉入汪洋的那个暗无星月的夜晚，罹难的旅客和水手们也曾站在栏杆旁。‎ ‎4.      He also brought back evidence that the ship broke apart not when she hit bottom, as he had thought when viewing the first Titanic images last September, but as she sank: the stern, which settled on the bottom almost 1,800ft. from the bow, had swiveled 180 on its way down.‎ ‎[结构简析] 结构复杂。That clause 是evidence 的同位语。That 从句中用了not…but 句型。 Not句中为主从句加状从 as he had though …，but 句中为主从句，中插入定语从句which settled 修饰the stern。‎ ‎[参考译文] 他还带回证据说明船不是撞在海底时断裂的，而是在下沉时断裂的。船尾下沉时旋转一百八十度，它在海底几乎离船头 一千八百英尺远。而在他去年九月第一次见到泰坦尼克号时，还以为船是撞到海底才断裂的。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 ‎   文章描述了对沉没巨轮（泰坦尼克号）探测的情况，也是一篇三段式模式的文章：先时间，地点，所发生沉轮的事实，再引了录像带把进行探测的全过程呈现，最后是惊人的结果。‎ 答案祥解1.      D. 用高技术探测泰坦尼克号。第一段最后一句“当世界上千百万人观看这艘沉没巨轮的录像带说，他们都会觉察到她的巨大的船体，她周围可怕的沉寂和岁月流失那种凄惨的景象。”这里已说明是探测的录像片。第三段“这两分钟彩色录像带和九张照片是在被大西洋12500英尺深处拍摄的，它们只是十二天探测期间拍摄的60小时录像带和60000静物照中的一小部分。这些录像带和照片是44对的海洋地质学家罗伯特巴拉德领导的伍德霍尔海洋研究所科学探险队，于去年九月发现了泰坦尼克号并于今年七月重访了它。”第二段中点明用“深水工作船和机器人小贾森……”高科技。‎ A. 有关沉船的新消息。这只是罗伯特在记者招待会上宣布的一条消息。作为标题不合适。   B. 探测泰坦尼克号，接近标题，但没有D确切。   C. 看录像带。‎ ‎2.      A. 他们黯然神伤，有身临其境在探测之感。见第1题中第一段最后一句注译和难句译注2。‎ B. 他们很同情这艘船；  C. 他们感到不愉快。    D. 他们感到很消沉。这三段文内都没有提到。‎ ‎3.      B. 她于1912年首航中沉没。见难句译注1。‎ A. 1913。      C. 1912。第二次航行。       D. 1913年首航。这三项都不对。‎ ‎4.      A. 他宣布一个惊人的消息。见最后一段第二句起：“他的探潜工作船没找到泰坦尼克号船上那三百英尺长裂缝，据说这裂缝是巨轮撞冰山时在船体上留下的。相反，巴拉德认为与冰山相撞造成船体弯曲变形，使海水大量涌入船内”后面译文见难句译注4。‎ B. 他没有说什么。       C. 他抱怨探测工作非常艰难。      D. 他宣布探测成功。这三项文内没有涉及。‎