新课标2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业368-1Alandofdiversity 人教版选修8 8页

课时作业36 8-1 A land of diversity Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She was ________ (hire) on the strength of her computer skills.‎ ‎2．The majority of the interviewees ________ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.‎ ‎3．Trump ________ (elect) as the president of the United States.‎ ‎4．It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child.‎ ‎5．We should not have ________ (race) discrimination.‎ ‎6．I wish to be considered as an ________ (apply) for the position.‎ ‎7．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive ________ (punish)．‎ ‎8．There is a great deal of evidence ________ (indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.‎ ‎9. ________ (apparent), the iPods, if used probably, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.‎ ‎10．Great changes have taken place since our country ________ (reform) and opened to the outside world 30 years ago.‎ 答案 ‎1. hired　2.prefer　3.was elected　4.to　5.racial ‎6．applicant　7.punishment　8.indicating ‎9．Apparently　10.reformed Ⅱ.选词填空 take in，by means of，mark out，keep up，team up with，make a life，apply for，back to back, live on, a great many ‎1．They settled down in Canada and ________ for themselves.‎ ‎2．I listened to the speech carefully, but I still couldn't ________.‎ ‎3. ________ the Internet, we can keep in touch by sending emails.‎ ‎4．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, ________ a job in the company.‎ 8‎ ‎5．They sat ________ along the river.‎ ‎6．A volleyball court had been ________ on the grass.‎ ‎7．He ________ his brother in the doubles, which drew much attention of the audience.‎ ‎8．In many countries, young people still ________ the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress.‎ ‎9．Tom found that there were ________ people already there.‎ ‎10．Cancer claimed the life of Steve Jobs at the age of 56, whose spirit will ________ forever in Apple.‎ 答案 ‎1．made a life　2.take in　3.By means of ‎4．applying for　5.back to back　6.marked out ‎7．teamed up with　8.keep up　9.a great many ‎10．live on Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅰ)‎ We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.‎ 8‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ ‎1．What does the author think of new devices?‎ A．They are environmentfriendly.‎ B．They are no better than the old.‎ C．They cost more to use at home.‎ D．They go out of style quickly.‎ ‎2．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?‎ A．To reduce the cost of minerals.‎ B．To test the life cycle of a product.‎ C．To update consumers on new technology.‎ D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.‎ ‎3．Which of the following uses the least energy?‎ A．The boxset TV. B．The tablet.‎ C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.‎ ‎4．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?‎ A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.‎ C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.‎ 8‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。‎ ‎1．A　观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。‎ ‎2．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life可知，Babbitt's team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。‎ ‎4．A　推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。‎ B ‎(2018年高考·天津卷)‎ There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print，cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.‎ Food production With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted，rather than farm to table.‎ 8‎ Sustainability(可持续性)‎ The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.‎ ‎5．What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?‎ A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ B．It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ C．It improves the cooking conditions.‎ D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎6．What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?‎ 8‎ A．It solves food shortages easily.‎ B．It quickens the transportation of food.‎ C．It needs no space for the storage of food.‎ D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.‎ ‎7．According to Paragraph 4, 3Dprinted food ________．‎ A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎8．What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?‎ A．The printing process is complicated.‎ B．3D food printers are too expensive.‎ C．Food materials have to be dry.‎ D．Some experts doubt 3D food printing.‎ ‎9．What could be the best title of the passage?‎ A．3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology B．A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C．The Challenges for 3D Food Production D．3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table 答案与解析 本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。‎ ‎5．B　推理判断题。根据文章Food production中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印机打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。‎ ‎6．D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料)．可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。‎ 8‎ ‎7．B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.(食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物)，从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。‎ ‎8．C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。‎ ‎9．A　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2018年高考·课标全国卷Ⅱ)‎ Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country__1__(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is__3__(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___4__ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water __5__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased __6__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total__7__(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government __8__(start) a soiltesting program __9__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while __10__(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 8‎ 答案与解析 本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。‎ ‎1．has grown　考查完成时。根据前文since和句意可知，这里需要表示已经完成的动作，故用完成时。‎ ‎2．the　考查定冠词。根据语意和后文past 25 years可知这段时间是特指的，故应该用定冠词the。‎ ‎3．actually　考查副词。空格处修饰is，故应将形容词actual写成副词actually。‎ ‎4．to improve　考查不定式。句中已经出现了谓语动词，且空之前没有连词，所以考虑非谓语；根据句意可知空格处表目的，所以应用不定式to improve。‎ ‎5．than　考查比较级的固定搭配。根据语意可知此处需要填比较级的固定搭配，再根据前面less可知，此处应为less than固定搭配。‎ ‎6．pollution　考查动词变名词。decreased pollution 动宾搭配，所以此处需要填名词作宾语。‎ ‎7．global　考查名词变形容词，意思是“全球的，总体的”。‎ ‎8．started　考查动词的时态，一般过去时。项目开始的时间是2005，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．which/that　考查定语从句，先行词是program, 在定语从句中担当主语的成分，用which或that。‎ ‎10．feeding　考查非谓语，While feeding its citizens是时间状语从句，while it is feeding its citizens的省略。又可理解为此处的“feed”与主语China为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式。‎ 8‎