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Unit 2 Heroes
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．character n． 人物；性格
2．province n. 省
3．astronaut n. 宇航员
4．gravity n. 地心引力
5．reporter n. 记者，通讯员
6．helicopter n. 直升机
7．republic n. 共和国
8．march vi.& n. 游行示威；行军
9．brilliant adj. 卓越的
10．champion n. 冠军
11．event n. 竞赛；事件
12．athlete n. 运动员
13．afterwards adv. 然后，后来
14．disaster n. 灾难
15．relationship n. 关系
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．calm adj. 镇静的，沉着的
2．atmosphere n. 大气；气氛
3．million num. 百万
4．wave vi. 挥手示意，致意
5．found vt. 建立，创立
6．opinion n. 意见，看法，主张
7．struggle n. 斗争，拼搏
8．quality n. 质量；品质
9．medal n. 奖章，勋章
10．flight n. 飞行；航班
11．dive vi.& n. 跳水；潜水
12．absolutely adv. 当然；绝对地
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13．confident adj. 自信的
14．unusual adj. 不平常的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generosity n. 慷慨；大方
2．violent adj. 暴力的→violently adv. 猛烈地→violence n．暴力，暴行
3．explore vt. 探测；勘探→exploration n. 探测；探究；探索→explorer n．探索者
4．personally adv. 就自己而言→personal adj.个人的→person__n. 个人
5．equal adj. 平等的→equally adv. 平等地→equality n. 相等；平等
6．skilful adj.灵巧的，熟练的→skilfully adv.熟练地→skill n．技巧
7．useless adj.差劲的；无用的→ useful adj.有用的 →use vt.使用 n．用处
8．compete vi.比赛，竞争→competition n．比赛→competitor n．竞争者，对手→competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的
9．amazing adj. 令人惊异的→amaze vt. 使惊异→amazed adj. 惊奇的，吃惊的→amazement n. 惊讶
10．fortunately adv. 幸运地→unfortunately adv. 不幸地(反义词)→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortune n. 运气；财富；命运
11．promote vt. 促进，提升→promotion n. 提升；晋升；推销
12．injury n. 伤害，损害→injure vt. 伤害，损害→injured adj.受伤的
13．commit vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)→commitment n．承诺
14．react vi. 反应→reaction n．反应
15．admire vt.钦佩，羡慕→admirer n．钦佩者；赞赏者→admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的→admiring adj.钦佩的；羡慕的
1.靠腿“走”路
①wander v． 漫步；闲逛
②pace v. 踱步；缓慢而行
③crawl v. 爬行；匍匐行进
④march v. 行军，进军
⑤rush v. 冲；奔；闯
⑥walk v. 散步
2.“性格”相关形容词集锦
①generous 慷慨的
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②devoted 有献身精神的
③confident 自信的
④calm 镇静的
⑤considerate 体贴的
⑥gentle 温柔的
3.“职场经历”相关词精选
①appoint 任命；委派
②dismiss/fire 开除；解雇
③resign 辞职
④apply 申请
⑤promote 升职
⑥resume 简历
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．millions__of 数百万
2．in__my__opinion 在我看来
3．on__one’s__own 独立地
4．give__up 放弃
5．come__to__do__something 开始(认识、理解)
6．pull__through 使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关
7．commit__suicide 自杀
8．get__on 融洽相处；进展
9．far__too 太，极为
10．come__off__it 别胡扯
11．lift__off (火箭、航天器等)发射，起飞，升空
12．come__to__an__end 结束
13．let__out 解脱；放出去，发出；泄露
14．get__involved__with 参加，参与
1.“v.＋through”短语多棱镜
①pull through 康复；痊愈
②go through 经历；穿过
③get through 用完；耗尽
④see through 看透；识破
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⑤break through 冲破；突破
2.let短语一览
①let alone 不管；不打扰
②let down 放下；使失望
③let out 放出；泄露；出租
④let off 排放
⑤let in 允许进入；容许
3.“come to a(n)＋n.”短语全扫描
①come to an end 完结；结束
②come to a conclusion 得出结论
③come to a decision 做出决定
④come to an agreement 达成协议
⑤come to an understanding 达成谅解
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：现在分词短语作伴随状语
Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing__the__wishes__of__the__Chinese__people to explore and use space peacefully.
杨利伟(在飞船上)展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，表达了中国人民和平开发并利用太空(资源)的意愿。
句型2：sb. was/were doing...when...某人正在做……就在这时……
We were__driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us.
当我们开车行驶在乡间小路上时，一辆车突然疾驰而过。
句型3：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Jennifer was in the kitchen, with__her__hands__in__a__bowl__of__flour．.
珍妮弗在厨房里，双手在面盆里和面…….
句型4：状语从句的省略
Brandi, the sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while__developing__their__tennis__careers．
这对姐妹的母亲布兰迪在家里教她们，这样在她们发展网球事业的同时，也完成了高中学业。
句型5：how引导表语从句
This is how__I__got__involved__with my charity work to
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improve the quality of life for all disabled people. 这就是我如何参与到慈善工作中，帮助改善所有残疾人的生活质量的。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．Cycling is an absolutely(绝对地) energysaving means of transportation.
2．As we all know, Tsinghua University founded(成立) about more than 100 years ago has developed into a worldclass university.
3．(2019·天津卷)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle(斗争) against debt and misfortune.
4．To improve the quality(质量) of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products.
5．In life and work, many of us have used emoticons(表情符号) to send positive atmosphere(气氛) or soften statements.
6．(浙江卷)I made friends with the natives, and their reaction(react) amazed me.
7．She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly(calm)．
8．China has made amazing(amaze) achievements in space in the past few years.
9．Will you go with a tour group？Personally(person), I prefer to travel by myself.
10．(天津卷)In the past two weeks, we have studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which allows us the opportunity to know each other and promote(promote) our friendship.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In this country black people do not have equality with white people.They are struggling for equal rights, for they are eager to be treated equally．(equal)
2．As a young competitor,__she had to compete in the Olympic Games in Rio against some top players. She tried to be very competitive to be the winner.(compete)
3．To my amazement,__it seemed that my father wasn’t amazed at the amazing news at all that day.(amaze)
4．The famous writer has many admirers．I often read her novels in admiration．I’m sure she will achieve more admirable achievements in the
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future.(admire)
5．The brave explorers have decided to explore this remote area. The exploration will begin in two days.(explore)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
millions of; judge...by...; be strict in; on one’s own; come to do; far too
Jack is an excellent college student. He 1.is__strict__in his study and research. For some 2.far__too difficult problems, he always thinks 3.on__his__own. When he 4.comes__to__do experiments, he is very careful and 5.judges things by facts.Some people say that in order to get the exact data and result, he may even do 6.millions__of experiments.
let out; in one’s opinion; compete against; give up; pull through; get on well with; come to an end
In most cases, competitors will 7.compete__against each other fiercely in the match. 8.In__my__opinion,__my classmate Mark is a good athlete. But, unfortunately, in last Sunday’s football match, he fell down, injured his foot and 9.let__out a scream, but he didn’t 10.give__up. When the match 11.came__to__an__end,__he couldn’t move his feet for an inch at all.I really hope Mark will 12.get__on__well__with his study after he 13.pulls__through.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．看到家里没人，她决定给他们留张便条。
Seeing__nobody__at__home,__she decided to leave them a note.
2．我正在一家饭店吃饭，这时托尼进来了。
I was__having__dinner at a restaurant when Tony came in.
3．男孩进了屋，书包里什么都没有。
The boy entered the room, with__nothing__in__his__bag．
4．尽管近来他一直努力地学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
Although__(he__is)__doing__his__best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
5．问题是我们如何找到他。
The problem is how__we__can__find__him．
calm vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
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[基础练习]——对比填空(calm; quiet; silent; still)
Everything was ①quiet except that the heavy rain struck the window. Then the mudslide happened, but the frightened people stood there ②still,__not knowing what to do. He remained ③calm in face of the danger, and led all the people to a safe place, but later he kept ④silent over his brave behavior.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤面对巨大危险，消防员们还能保持镇静，这使我们都非常吃惊。
The firefighters kept__calm__in__face__of__great__danger,__which__surprised__us__all．
⑥她呼吸急促，尽力让自己平静下来。
She was breathing quickly and tried to calm__herself．
(1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；镇静下来
calm oneself 使自己镇静下来
(2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
[佳句背诵] You are an adult, so you should try to keep calm when something unexpected happens.
你是个成年人了，所以当意想不到的事情发生时，你应该尽量保持冷静。
[名师点津] (1)calm平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动；(2)quiet宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑；(3)silent寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音；(4)still静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的。
equal v．等于，与……相等；比得上 adj.平等的；胜任的 n．同等的人或物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area. In other words, he is without equal.
②a.We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations, big or small.
b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
[能力提升]——一句多译
尽管他和他们的身高相同，但在打篮球方面无人能与他匹敌。
③They are of__the__same__height,__but no one can be__equal__to__him__in playing basketball.
④Though he is__equal__to__them__in__height,__no one can equal__him__in
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playing basketball.
(1)equal sb./sth.(in...) (在……方面) 比得上，与……匹敌；
与……相等
be equal to sth./doing sth.(in...)
(在……方面)
与……相等；能胜任
(2)without (an) equal 无人可比的
(3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地
equality n. 相等；平等
[佳句背诵] Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.
在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球队员。
[名师点津] 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：
①be up to ②be fit for ③be qualified for
struggle n．& v．奋斗；挣扎；斗争
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom.
②a.(2019·江苏卷)He struggled to__explain(explain) what he heard in his head.
b．(浙江卷)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to__be__heard(hear)．
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(湖南卷)
(高级表达)Having__struggled__for__months__to__find a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (现在分词短语作状语)
(1)struggle for 为……而斗争
struggle against 与……作斗争
struggle with 和……一起奋斗；
与……作斗争
(2)struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
(3)struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
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[佳句背诵] The Chinese people are in their struggle for right and freedom all the time.
中国人民一直为争取权利和自由而斗争。
[名师点津] struggle with有两个意思：一是“与……作斗争”，双方是敌我关系；二是“和……一起奋斗”，双方是朋友关系。
compete vi.比赛；竞争
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷)We can compete with students from other schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
③Living in a highly competitive(compete) society, you have to equip yourself with modern technology and skills.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)我们队现在正忙着为这场比赛做准备，从生活到日常训练。我们有信心赢得这场比赛。
Our team is now busy preparing for the game, from living to daily training.We are confident that we can__win__this__competition．
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；
在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against...for
为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争
competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
[佳句背诵] Every year, many players will try their best to compete in the dragon boat race on the Dragon Boat Festival. 每年的端午节，许多选手都会尽最大的努力去参加龙舟赛。
[联想发散] “参加比赛”荟萃：①compete__in__the__match；②participate__in__the__match；③take__part__in__the__match
promote vt.增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销(商品等)
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[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(四川卷)More expressways will be built in Sichuan soon to__promote(promote) the local economy.
b．Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to__promote(promote) products.
②(江西卷)I hear they have__promoted(promote) Tom, but he didn’t mention having__been__promoted__(promote) when we talked on the phone.
③(安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get__promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(江西卷)Not only did the mountainclimbing get us close to nature, it also__promoted__the__friendship__among__us(增进了我们之间的友谊)．
⑤For many women, this is the time in their career when they are trying to win__promotion(获得晋升)．
(1)promote sb.(from sth.) to sth.
把某人(从某职位)
提升到某职位
(2)promotion n. 提升；晋级；促进
get/win promotion 获得晋级
[佳句背诵] Because of his good performance, he was soon promoted to a higher position in the company. 因为他优异的表现，他很快就被提拔到公司的一个更高的职位。
[词块助记]
promote international cooperation
促进国际合作
promote an exchange of ideas and information
促进思想和信息的交流
get a promotion 获得晋升
react vi.起反应，回应
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①It is not surprising that he reacted against the old education.
②Will this matter react with sunlight in some situation?
③I wondered how Tom would react to the news，so I went to his home the other day.
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[能力提升]——完成句子
④微笑是任何场合下你能做出的最佳反应。
Smiling is the__best__reaction in all situations.
(1)react against 反抗，反对
react to... 对……作出反应
react with... 与……起反应
(2)reaction n. 反应，作用
[佳句背诵] You cannot predict how others will react to what you do now. 你不能预知其他人会对你现在的行为做出怎样的反应。
admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①We admire the old scientist for his great contributions to the country.
②The works of Dickens are__admired(admire) in China as well as in the west of the world.
③She speaks English so well that her friends are filled with admiration(admire) for her.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(北京卷)说到中国历史上的著名人物，我非常佩服张骞。
When it comes to the famous figures in Chinese history, I admire__Zhang__Qian__very__much．
(1)admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人
(2)admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕
with/in admiration 钦佩地
[佳句背诵] Midautumn Festival is an appealing and important festival when people admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes. 中秋节是一个具有吸引力而又非常重要的节日，这时，人们会赏月和品尝月饼。
[名师点津] “赏月”表达荟萃：
(1)admire the moon；
(2)enjoy the moon
let out 释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
[一词多义]——写出下列句中let out的含义
①He accidentally let out that he hadn’t lost his job.泄露
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②Would you please let the dog out? 放走
③Suddenly the girl let out a loud scream.发出
[能力提升]——用let的相关短语完成下面小片段
We didn’t even refer to that question, ④let__alone(更不用说) discuss it. Joe got angry, thinking we hadn’t taken it seriously and saying that we ⑤let__him__down(使他失望)．I went to see him and told him the fact. But he didn’t believe me. I just ⑥let__him__alone(不管他)．
let alone 更不用说；更谈不上
let sb./sth.alone 对某人/某事放任不管；置之不理
let down 把……放下来；使(某人)失望/情绪低沉
let in 让……进入
let go of... 对……松手
[佳句背诵] Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 获胜队的粉丝们发出胜利的欢呼声，同时大家都将帽子抛向了空中。
come to 达到某种状态；苏醒过来
[能力提升]——完成句子
①(上海卷)得知要举办艺术展，你们就展出场所征集意见，我们都积极活跃起来。
The moment we’ve learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you’re collecting suggestions on its location, we__all__came__to__life.
②(四川卷)当谈到英语时，听和说是我的弱项。
Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when__it__comes__to__English．
(1)come to know/realize 开始认识/意识到
(2)come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end 结束
come to oneself 苏醒过来；变得活跃
come to light 显露；为大家所周知
come to life 苏醒；活跃起来
when it comes to... 当谈到……时
pull through 使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关
[基础练习]——用介、副词填空
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①The train pulled in and all the passengers got off.
②Margaret had real problems，but the teacher pulled her through．
③The policeman pulled up the driver and asked to see his licence.
④We waved as the train pulled out of the station.
pull down 拆毁；摧毁
pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠
pull out 驶出；拉出，拔出
pull up 拔起；(使)停止
pull together 齐心协力
get on/along 融洽相处，进展(常与with搭配)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①How are you getting along with your English lesson?
②You should get down to doing(do) your homework from now on.
③I’ve been trying to ring up all day and I couldn’t get through．
④You’d better learn to get your ideas across in public.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(福建卷)尽管学生们来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
While the students came from different countries, they got__along__quite__well in the summer camp.
⑥我想知道你现在英语学得好不好。
I wonder if you__are__getting__along__well__with your English now.
get into 陷入；染上坏习惯
get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会
get about/around (消息)传开
get down to doing sth.认真做某事， 开始着手做某事
get over 克服，摆脱
get through (电话)接通；用完；通过
[佳句背诵] It’s important for us to learn how to get on well with our teachers and classmates.
学习如何与老师和同学们融洽相处对我们来讲很重要。
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sb. was/were doing...when...某人正在做……就在这时……
(教材P23)We were driving along a country lane when suddenly a car drove past us.
当我们开车行驶在乡间小路上时，一辆车突然疾驰而过。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷)I was__driving(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
②He had just walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(湖南卷)我正要放弃的时候，老师的表扬给了我回答问题的勇气。
③I was__about__to__give__up__when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.
④I was__on__the__point__of__giving__up__when the teacher’s praise gave me the courage to answer the question.
when作并列连词，意为“就在这时”，可用于以下句型：
(1)sb. was/were about to do...when...＝sb. was/were on the point of doing...when...某人正要做……这时……
(2)sb. had just done...when...某人刚做完……，这时……
[佳句背诵] I was reading in the library when I met Jim. It was the first time that we had met after high school.
我正在图书馆看书，这时遇到了吉姆。这是我们高中毕业后第一次见面。
with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P23)Jennifer was in the kitchen, with her hands in a bowl of flour, when she saw a small boy climb into a truck.
珍妮弗在厨房里，双手在面盆里和面，这时她看见一个小男孩爬进了卡车。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.
②a.(2018·浙江卷6月)With the night approaching(approach), I became worried and could not keep calm.
b．(山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
c．With so many essays to__write(write), she won’t have time to go shopping
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this morning.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)As a new stadium has been built in our school, more sports events can be held.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
(高级表达)With__a__new__stadium__built__in__our__school,__more sports events can be held.(with复合结构)
with复合结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)with＋宾语＋doing
(3)with＋宾语＋done
(4)with＋宾语＋to do
[佳句背诵] ①He is used to sleeping with the windows open at night in the summer.
他习惯在夏天的夜晚开着窗户睡觉。
②Mr. Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 史密斯先生手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
[名师点津] 在with复合结构中，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系，且指这一动作正在进行；过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系，且指这一动作已完成。
状语从句的省略
(教材P26)Brandi, the sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.
这对姐妹的母亲布兰迪在家里教她们，这样在她们发展网球事业的同时，也完成了高中学业。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can email me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达)If__accepted,__I can introduce Chinese painting skills to
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visitors, which__can__help__them__know__more__about__Chinese__culture．(省略句； 合并升级为定语从句)
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句背诵] ①Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
②If given more attention to, the boy could have turned out better.
要是给予更多的关注，这个男孩本来可以表现得更好。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2017·天津卷)Explain your frustrations calmly(calm) and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties.
2．(2018·天津卷)I know you have just won the first prize in the robotics competition(compete) held in your institute and have shown great talent in designing robots.
3．The Moon will replace the Earth as the most important base for the exploration(explore) of space.
4．(2017·浙江卷6月)He was amazed(amaze) at what Benjamin had done with his gift.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident(confidence) and eager to take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．The Swedish soldiers were devoted to their king and he turned them into a fighting force without equal.
2．He struggled against every injustice.
3．On seeing the wonderful sculpture，everyone present let out a cry of surprise.
4．We can’t compete with other countries if we don’t develop our economy.
5．The young man set up a firm on his own soon after he graduated from
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college.
维度三 语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．We should keep calm in face of danger, which counts much in case of emergency.镇静的
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance and encouragement.竞争；比赛
3．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.等于；抵得上
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.努力
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.
反应
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
John is a man of good character, because he always keeps 1.calm(calm) in an emergency. Therefore, all the people who get on 2.well with him and even compete 3.with him in work admire him.
One day, he 4.was__riding(ride) his bike on the way home when he noticed a man lying on the ground. He stopped and found the man got 5.injured(injure) seriously because of a traffic accident. His first reaction 6.to it was to call 120 and then he checked the man to confirm whether he was alive or not. When the ambulance arrived at the spot, all the doctors 7.involved(involve) themselves in the first aid and thought highly of him, saying he was equal 8.to being a doctor. When it came to 9.an end, the local media reported his deed. He gave his 10.opinion(opinion) that he would continue to help people in need with the citizens encouraging him confidently.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①在我看来，我的叔叔是一个真正的英雄，他身上有许多优秀品质。
In__my__opinion，my uncle is a real hero and he is a man with a lot of nice qualities.
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②他慷慨大方，用自己赚的钱给山区的孩子建了一所学校。
He__is__generous. He set__up__a__school for the children from the mountainous areas with__the__money__he__earned．
③他从大火中救了一名伤员。
He saved a person who__got__injured__in__a__big__fire．
④他还经常力所能及地帮助残疾人。
He often does__what__he__can__to__help__the__disabled．
⑤社区的人们都佩服他的慷慨行为。
All the people in the community admire__him__for__his__generosity．
2．升级平淡句
⑥用非限制性定语从句升级句①
In__my__opinion,__my__uncle,__who__is__a__man__with__a__lot__of__nice__qualities,__is__a__real__hero.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at a time, what’s more, therefore)
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One possible version：
In my opinion, my uncle, who is a man with a lot of nice qualities, is a real hero.He is generous. He set up a school for the children from the mountainous areas with the money he earned. At a time, he saved a person who got injured in a big fire. What’s more, he often does what he can to help the disabled. Therefore, all the people in the community admire him for his generosity.
课时练1 2篇阅读＋1篇完形＋1篇应用文写作
Ⅰ.阅读理解
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A
(2020·江西八所重点中学联考)Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where she’s been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.
The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated(截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.
To spread that message, Gallagher has taken to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the globe, but instead of simply using a geotag, she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.
Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle in Brussels, taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest, all with the wellknown locations written on her artificial leg.
“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalkboard，” Gallagher said. “My mum and grandmother weren’t too keen on the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did.”
Gallagher said people often stare when she’s writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback. “My leg hasn’t stopped me from doing anything I’ve wanted to do，” she said. “I don’t know if it’s my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, but regardless, I’ve been able to keep up with my peers and lead a pretty great life.”
Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求。她到世界各地旅行，将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。她的故事告诉人们：不要让任何东西阻碍你追求梦想。
1．What message did Gallagher want to spread in her special way?
A．She enjoys her travelling across the globe.
B．She suffers little from her leg amputation.
C．She looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.
D．She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.
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C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Although the amputation caused setbacks for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.”可知，虽然截肢在早期给Gallagher带来了挫折，但她现在认为这是对她过最好的生活的激励；并结合第三段可知，她想要传达的信息是她要将自己的不幸看作是另一种形式的幸运，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “which” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The Continent. B．The pictures.
C．The leg. D．The locations.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段第一句中的“Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam”可知，现在，她正在欧洲大陆各地拍摄照片，照片中她骑着自行车穿过阿姆斯特丹的运河。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为pictures, which指代先行词，在从句中作主语，故B项正确。
3．Gallagher can best be described as ________．
A．helpful and ambitious
B．friendly and generous
C．determined and creative
D．independent and sensible
C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Devon Gallagher在四岁时因患骨科疾病右腿被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求；她到世界各地旅行，将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。据此可推知，Devon Gallagher既有毅力又有创造力，故C项正确。
4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A．Never Too Late to Share
B．A Special Artificial Leg
C．An Outstanding Photographer
D．Gallagher’s Summer Holidays
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章尾句“And if life gives you an artificial leg, make art.”并结合全文其他内容可知，文章主要讲述了Devon Gallagher虽然被截肢，但是这并没有影响她对梦想的追求，她到世界各地旅行，将自己的旅行情况写在假肢上并拍照片发到社交媒体。故B项最适合作文章标题。
B
(2020·北京海淀区高三质检)
Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists
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are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only selfdiscipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
5．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
6．Why can’t the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn’t live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory
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of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects.”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。
7．According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being selfdiscipline.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations.”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
8．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people’s observations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is selfdiscipline, a quality I lack.”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的某种必备的素质，故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·河南六市高三联考)I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort __1__ was not something I was eager to do.
In fact, I wouldn’t have become a(n) __2__ if it weren’t for my husband Charles. He had been a __3__， competitive runner for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t stop talking about how much he __4__ it.
So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to join him at the __5__. Just a few weeks later, Charles signed up for a fivekilometer race for both of us. I __6__ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on the race day, there I was.
The gun went off. Thousands of runners __7__．
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The first kilometer was tough.I was already breathing __8__ and painfully aware of the group of runners __9__ past me.
After another minute I saw the threekilometer __10__. All I could think of was that I was __11__．
I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street __12__ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on: I __13__ my legs to keep going.
Then I looked up and saw the clock. The __14__ ticking away gave me an incentive(动力). I knew that if I had __15__ finished this race I would have achieved something. So, I __16__up, and kicked it.
I had my arms __17__ higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer put a(n) __18__around my neck.
“You did great！I’m so proud of you！” Charles was thrilled that I’d __19__．
“That was amazing！I want to do another race.” I proudly hugged my medal as we started to walk to the postrace festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both __20__.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者原本不喜欢跑步，但是在丈夫的带动下她也开始跑步，并且坚持完成了5公里的跑步比赛。
1．A.block B．line
C．emotion D．zone
D 解析：根据文章最后一句中的“my comfort zone”可知，答案选D项。
2．A.wife B．coach
C．expert D．runner
D 解析：根据下文可知，作者一开始不喜欢跑步，在丈夫的带动下，最后变成了一名跑步者(runner)。
3．A.serious B．common
C．casual D．sharp
A 解析：根据空后的“competitive runner for many years”并结合语境可知，作者的丈夫以前是一个认真的、有竞争力的跑步者。serious “认真的”。
4．A.hated B．missed
C．admired D．trained
B 解析：根据下文中的“So he picked it up again”可推知，作者的丈夫和她结婚以后，总是不停地说他有多想念(missed)跑步。
5．A.race B．department
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C．track D．ceremony
C 解析：根据该句可知，当作者的丈夫重新开始跑步后，作者也加入了他，和他一起跑。track “跑道”。
6．A.hesitated B．puzzled
C．cared D．brought
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者以前并不喜欢跑步，当作者的丈夫让她一起报名参加五公里跑步比赛的时候，作者有些犹豫(hesitated)。
7．A.slipped away B．backed off
C．pushed forward D．came over
C 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当发令枪一响，数千名跑步者冲了出去(pushed forward)。
8．A.mildly B．shallowly
C．gently D．heavily
D 解析：根据空前一句“The first kilometer was tough.”可推知，当跑了一公里的时候，作者已经呼吸沉重了。heavily “沉重地”。
9．A.running B．bending
C．reaching D．pacing
A 解析：根据语境可知，由于呼吸困难，作者跑步的速度渐渐地慢了下来，于是有很多人跑着超过了作者。
10．A.symbol B．mark
C．pattern D．campaign
B 解析：根据该句“After another minute I saw the threekilometer ______．”可知，此处表示作者看见了三公里的标志牌。mark “标记”。
11．A.hopeful B．speechless
C．dying D．moving
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者跑了一公里便呼吸沉重，并结合语境可知，当作者看见了三公里的标志牌时，认为自己要死(dying)了一样。
12．A.stuck B．crowded
C．provided D．directed
B 解析：街道的两边挤满(crowded)了观看比赛的人，他们都在为选手加油。
13．A.sunk B．bent
C．shook D．willed
D 解析：在听到周围人的鼓舞之后，作者设法用意志力驱使自己的双腿移动。will “设法用意志力驱使”。
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14．A.seconds B．titles
C．criteria D．competitors
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者觉得每一秒走过的时间都在给她加油助力。
15．A.also B．actually
C．just D．unfortunately
B 解析：作者知道如果她的确(actually)完成了比赛，那么她已经完成了一些事。
16．A.dressed B．came
C．stayed D．straightened
D 解析：根据空前一句“I knew that...achieved something.”可推知，作者挺直身子，继续坚持完成比赛。straighten up “挺直身子”。
17．A.kept B．crossed
C．held D．tied
C 解析：当作者冲过终点线的时候，她把自己的手举得更高。hold “使保持(在某位置)”。
18．A.rope B．medal
C．necklace D．award
B 解析：根据下文中的“I proudly hugged my medal”可知，此处表示一个志愿者给作者带上奖牌。
19．A.got it B．meant it
C．made it D．defeated it
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者最终完成了对她来说看似不可能完成的事情，跑完了五公里。make it “获得成功”。
20．A.trembled B．expanded
C．ached D．erupted
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者在这次成功跑完了五公里之后，她感觉自己的肺和舒适区都得到了扩展。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，请你写一则通知，为学校近期要举行的排球比赛(the 2020 Student Volleyball Match)招募志愿者。内容包括：
1．招募目的；
2．招募条件；
3．培训时间和地点。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
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2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
NOTICE
Our school is going to hold the 2020 Student Volleyball Match. In order to ensure the smooth running of the event, it is necessary to recruit volunteers to provide quality services such as guidance and support.
The volunteers are required not only to be healthy and organized, but to be able to respond to the emergencies. In addition, the ones with related experience are preferred. Once accepted, the volunteers will receive appropriate and efficient training in the gymnasium on 6th Dec., beginning at 5 pm and lasting one and a half hours.
Call 0106275 3588 for further information.
Students’ Union
课时练2 2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋
1篇语法填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥高三联考)J．K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day.Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.
She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.
He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on
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time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.
Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”
After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品对一个单亲家庭的影响。
1．Why did Burke thank J．K.Rowling according to the text?
A．She guided him how to write a good story.
B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble.
C．Her books helped him through times of confusion.
D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.”可知，单身父亲Burke感谢J. K. Rowling是因为她的哈利·波特系列丛书帮助他改善了他与女儿之间的关系，故选D。
2．What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4?
A．He has found it interesting to read the series.
B．He was too old to understand the series better.
C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series.
D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据对第四段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句中的“which has proven to be a ton of fun”可推知，Burke认为朗读这些系列丛书很有趣，故选A。
3．Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text?
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A．Unique. B．Normal.
C．Precious. D．Funny.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.”可推知，对Burke来讲，这种经历是非常珍贵的，故选C。
4．What is the main idea of this text?
A．J.K.Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.
B．J.K.Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.
C．J.K.Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.
D．Burke comes to know J．K.Rowling through her series.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品所具有的魅力——帮助一位单身父亲改善了与其女儿的关系，故选B。
B
(2020·重庆质量抽测)Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average(击球率) in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, Gold Glove Awards twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played.
Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea.
The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a bridge after him—a bridge that leads to the city’s beautiful new stadium.
No one summed up the life of Roberto Clemente and the baseball commissioner(总干事) when, at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony, he said, “He was so great a man, as a leader and humanitarian, so great an inspiration to the young and to all in baseball, especially to the proud people of his homeland, Puerto Rico.” The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。
5．What can be concluded from Roberto Clemente’s trip to Nicaragua?
A．He got injured in an air crash.
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B．He cared about people and the world.
C．He donated a huge sum of money to Nicaragua.
D．He earned his fame for his bravery and generosity.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people.”可知，在1972年尼加拉瓜发生地震后，克莱门特飞往尼加拉瓜，向那里的人民运送物资。据此可推知，克莱门特是一位关心人民和世界的人，故B项正确。
6．What do we know about Roberto Clemente from the passage?
A．He died in Puerto Rico.
B．There was a bridge built for him.
C．He played baseball in Pittsburgh.
D．His statue was in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball”可知，他曾在匹兹堡市打过棒球，故C项正确。
7．What happened at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony?
A．A sportsmanship award was set up in Clemente’s name.
B．Clemente was voted into the Soccer Hall of Fame.
C．Clemente gained an honor from the people of his homeland.
D．The commissioner praised Clemente’s unbelievable batting skills.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句“The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.”可知，为表彰克莱门特，总干事还以克莱门特的名义设立了体育精神奖，故A项正确。
8．Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A．A science journal. B．A sports magazine.
C．A radio program. D．A news report.
B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。据此可推知，本文最可能选自体育杂志，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·北京怀柔区高三模拟)It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people don’t do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If you’re an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of everything. It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped. 1.________
Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you
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are.
·2.________
Why didn’t the girl look at me？And why did Peter look away so fast？What does it all mean？！When you’re an overthinker, you tend to find meaning in the world around you. It’s helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them.
·You think more than you do.
Sometimes you think so much that you don’t end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare it with a new choice. You end up doing nothing. 3.________
·You find it difficult to let things go.
When you’ve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isn’t working. 4.________ The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.
·You want to get everything right.
You might be a perfectionist. You always do your best. But when you don’t get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply can’t get everything right, despite your best efforts.
5．________ Remind yourself that you can balance your level of overthinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who is thoughtless!
A．You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.
B．You assume that others know what you’re thinking about.
C．Remember that, instead of just thinking, it’s equally important to act.
D．You’re proud of the act that you’re always thinking.
E．You look for meaning in everything.
F．It’s even worse when you’re unaware that you are just like this.
G．Can any of the above signs be found on you?
【解题导语】 本文主要对过度思虑的一些迹象进行了简要的说明。
1．F 解析：根据上文中的“It’s not good that the whatifs run your life and you are trapped.”可知，空处应是说明更深一层的坏处，所以选F项。
2．E 解析：根据文章结构及空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题，且根据本段的内容及关键词“meaning”可知，E项能概括本段内容。
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3．C 解析：根据本段的小标题You think more than you do.及空处前一句可推知，空处是作者针对该段描述的现象所给出的建议。故C项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据本段的小标题You find it difficult to let things go.及空后一句“The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you.”可推知，A项符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文“Here are some signs that you are an overthinker, even if you don’t feel you are.”可知，G项与之呼应，符合语境。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·武汉高三调研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia(失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.____________(report) it recently. A study by 2.____________ international organization in the paper said that women 3.____________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.____________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research center show that in 5.____________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.____________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.____________(sleep) habits. The longterm effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.____________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.____________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.____________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reported 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．an 解析：考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
3．aged 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，
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空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的过去分词形式aged，表示“年龄介于30到60岁之间的女性”。
4．on 解析：考查固定搭配。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。句意：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。
5．cities 解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故填cities。
6．pressure 解析：考查名词。根据该句中“and competition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故填press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。
7．sleeping 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故填形容词sleeping。
8．which 解析：考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故填关系代词which引导该定语从句。
9．especially 解析：考查副词。空处修饰短语“in women”，故用副词形式。
10．daily 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故填day的形容词形式daily。
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