2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：十八Module6OldandNew外研版必修3 12页

核心素养测评十八 Module 6 Old and New Ⅰ. 阅读理解 The Only Way Is Up Think of a modern city and the first image that comes to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.  ‎ When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards. ‎ The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home. ‎ Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift—or elevator, as he preferred to call it. However, most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders. ‎ A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts. ‎ 12‎ ‎【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在大城市里有了摩天大楼, 然后就出现了电梯。‎ ‎1. The underlined words “cities concerned with the past” in the first paragraph refer to cities that 　　　　.  ‎ A. are worried about their past B. have a glorious past to be proud of C. want to maintain their traditional image D. are very interested in their own history ‎【解析】选C。句意理解题。 be concerned with是“关心, 关注”的意思, 根据前面一句话可知, 这里指那些不允许建筑物超出一定高度的城市, 即不愿意改变固有形象的城市。故选C。‎ ‎2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in 　　　　.  ‎ A. the shortage of money B. the lack of a device to carry people upward C. backward technology D. mountains taking up land space ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。 第三段中提到早在19世纪建造高楼的技术已经存在, 限制楼高的一个重要因素就是人们下班回家后不想像爬山那样去爬楼梯, 说明当时还没有找到把人往高处送的办法或设备。故选B。‎ ‎3. What do we know about the lift Otis invented? ‎ A. He sold it to the architects and builders immediately. ‎ B. He used it to build the Pyramids. ‎ C. It was accepted favorably by the public. ‎ D. Most people had doubt about its safety. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段可知, Otis通过做实验, 使人们对他发明的电梯增加了信心, 他在露天游乐场里让大家试乘了几年才把这个电梯想法出售给建筑师和营造商。这说明人们对电梯还是持怀疑态度。故选D。‎ ‎4. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? ‎ A. Fascinating. B. Uninteresting. ‎ C. Frightening. D. Exciting. ‎ 12‎ ‎【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. 可知, 现在乘坐电梯已经十分普通, 是一件无聊的事情。故选B。‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. skyline　　　 n. 空中轮廓线 ‎2. pulley n. 滑轮 ‎3. fairground n. 露天游乐场; 展销会场地 ‎4. as early as 早在 ‎5. try out 尝试 Ⅱ. 完形填空 Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut. ‎ ‎“This is going to be a really 　1　 week, ” he said unhappily to no one 　2　. He looked around the campground. Hundreds of blue-green fir trees, some as tall as church towers, 　3　 the mountainside, giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet. The sun would be setting soon. Then, Grady thought, maybe the 　4　 wouldn’t feel so bad. Even up here in the 　5　, the hot stickiness of July clung to him.  ‎ Grady hated camping, but it was something his family 　6　 every summer. His father liked cooking over an open fire, telling stories about how to 　7　 things like bear attacks and swarms of bees. His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take 　8　 of animals. Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he’d 　9　 to the walls in his half of their room. Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a 　10　 kid.  ‎ They set up camp—two 　11　, one for his parents and one for himself and Jared. While everyone else started 　12　 dinner, Grady, looking for some place to cool down, set off for the nearby stream, which was deep enough to 　13　 in.  ‎ As he 　14　 the stream, something caught his eye. There was a/an 　15　 black bear cub—no more than two feet tall with a lovely face. It was playing 　16　 at the water’s edge, 　17　 its surroundings. Grady moved closer to get a 　18　 look. Then Grady heard a sound behind him. He 　19　 his father saying that bear ‎ 12‎ cubs would never be 　20　. Then he turned around and saw the cub’s mother moving swiftly towards him. . .  ‎ ‎【文章大意】 格雷迪不喜欢野营, 但他的家人喜欢。于是他跟着父母一起去野营, 在家人准备晚餐时, 他去附近的小溪玩, 在那里他看见了一只小幼熊, 这时母熊出现了……‎ ‎1. A. long　　B. interesting　 C. peaceful 　D. risky ‎【解析】选A。句意: 这将是一个非常漫长的星期。long 长的; interesting 有趣的; peaceful 平静的; risky冒险的, 危险的。‎ ‎2. A. in advance B. in brief C. in particular D. in silence ‎【解析】选C。句意: 他没有特别地对谁不高兴地说。 in advance提前; in brief简而言之, 总之; in particular尤其, 特别; in silence沉默地, 不说话。‎ ‎3. A. blocked　 B. covered　 C. reflected　 D. scarred ‎【解析】选B。句意: 数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树, 有些像教堂塔一样高, 覆盖着山坡, 给它一个郁郁葱葱的绿色地毯的外观。block阻止, 阻塞; cover覆盖; reflect 反思, 深思熟虑; scar结疤, 留下疤痕。‎ ‎4. A. dust B. campground ‎ C. heat D. sun ‎【解析】选C。 句意: 太阳很快就要下山了。然后, 格雷迪想, 也许不会那么热了。dust 灰尘; campground露营场所; heat热度, 高温; sun太阳。后面“ the hot stickiness of. . . ”是一个提示, 故选C。‎ ‎5. A. mountain 　 B. river C. sky D. tower ‎【解析】选A。根据上文可知格雷迪来到山上。mountain山; river河流; sky天空; tower塔。‎ ‎6. A. believed in B. insisted on C. came across D. lived through ‎【解析】选B。句意: 格雷迪讨厌野营, 但这是他的家人每年夏天都坚持要做的事。believe in相信; insist on坚持; come across碰到, 偶遇; live through经历……而幸存。‎ ‎7. A. encourage B. explore C. recognize D. survive ‎【解析】选D。句意: 他的父亲喜欢在篝火上做饭,‎ 12‎ ‎ 讲述如何在被熊和蜂群袭击中生存的故事。encourage鼓励; explore探索; recognize认出; survive从……中活下来, 幸存。‎ ‎8. A. care B. control C. pictures D. examples ‎【解析】选C。句意: 他的母亲和弟弟贾里德喜欢徒步旅行, 给动物拍照。take care of照顾; take control of控制; take pictures of拍……的照片; take examples of以……为例。‎ ‎9. A. guided B. pinned C. taken D. thrown ‎【解析】选B。句意: 贾里德有一些昆虫照片收藏品, 他把这些收藏品钉在自己房间的墙上。guide 指导; pin 用针别住, 钉在……上; take拿, 取; throw扔掉。‎ ‎10. A. sensitive B. smart C. tough D. strange ‎【解析】选D。句意: 格雷迪认为它们是吓人的, 证明贾里德是个奇怪的孩子。 sensitive敏感的; smart聪明的; tough艰难的; strange奇怪的。‎ ‎11. A. beds B. rooms C. tents D. plates ‎【解析】选C。句意: 他们搭建了两个帐篷, 一个是他父母的, 一个是他自己和贾里德的。bed床; room房间; tent帐篷; plate盘子。‎ ‎12. A. altering B. hunting C. ordering D. preparing ‎【解析】选D。句意: 当其他人开始准备晚餐的时候, 格雷迪想找个地方凉快一下, 就动身去附近的小溪。alter改变, 更改; hunt打猎, 寻找; order命令; prepare准备。‎ ‎13. A. dig B. swim C. hide D. sink ‎【解析】选B。句意: 小溪深得足以游泳。dig挖; swim游泳; hide躲藏; sink下沉。‎ ‎14. A. crossed B. imagined C. left D. neared ‎【解析】选D。分析句意可知, 他走近小溪时, 有东西吸引了他的目光。cross穿过; imagine想象; leave 离开; near靠近, 此处为动词。‎ ‎15. A. adorable B. aggressive C. injured D. large ‎【解析】选A。句意: 有一只讨人喜欢的黑熊幼崽, 身高不超过两英尺, 有一张可爱的脸。adorable可爱的; aggressive有侵略性的; injured受伤的; large巨大的。‎ 12‎ ‎16. A. cautiously B. joyfully C. forcefully D. nervously ‎【解析】选B。此处指这是一只小熊, 它在水边欢快地玩耍。cautiously小心地, 谨慎地; joyfully高兴地, 喜悦地; forcefully 强有力地; nervously紧张地。‎ ‎17. A. attacking B. destroying C. hating D. ignoring ‎【解析】选D。此处指小熊忽略了周围的环境。attack袭击; destroy破坏; hate憎恨; ignore忽略, 忽视。‎ ‎18. A. better B. brighter C. worse D. kinder ‎【解析】选A。此处指看见小熊, 格雷迪想好好地看一下。better更好的; brighter更明亮的; worse更糟的; kinder更善良的。‎ ‎19. A. found B. learned C. remembered D. misunderstood ‎【解析】选C。句意: 然后格雷迪听到身后有声音。他记得他的父亲说小熊永远不会是单独的。find 发现; learn学习; remember 记得, 记住; misunderstand误解。‎ ‎20. A. alone B. awake C. cute D. scared ‎【解析】选A。根据后面幼熊的妈妈快速地向他靠近, 可知幼熊不是单独的。 alone独自的; awake醒着的, 警惕的; cute娇小可爱的, 机灵的, 精明的; scared害怕的。‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. slam　　　　 vt. 砰地关上 ‎2. swarm n. 群 ‎3. proof n. 证据 ‎4. cool down 凉快; 冷静下来 ‎5. set off for 出发去某地 ‎6. cub n. 幼兽 Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Inserting needles through the skin may sound 1. 　　　 (scare), but acupuncture (针灸) and moxibustion (艾灸), two key components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are said 2. 　　　 (improve) the patients’ health.  ‎ 12‎ ‎　　3. 　　　 (add) to UNESCO’S Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010, acupuncture and moxibustion have been 4. 　　　(wide) practiced in China for thousands of years. Their formats and practice have distinctive regional characteristics and they have the precious heritage based 5. 　　　 Chinese culture and science.  ‎ ‎　　The theory of traditional Chinese medicine believes the human body is a small universe and has 6. 　　　 (it) own circulatory system where there are acupoints (穴位) connecting the channels. By stimulating these acupoints, the self-regulating function of the human body can 7. 　　　 (make) better. Acupuncture refers to the practice of inserting needles into the body of a patient at a certain angle and using ‎ ‎8. 　　　 (technique) such as twisting and lifting the needles to excite acupoints to treat diseases. Moxibustion normally refers to placing moxa (艾) directly on acupoints or holding moxa sticks at 9. 　　　 distance to warm the body.  ‎ In 1995, the World Health Organization published 10. 　　　 can be treated by acupuncture and moxibustion. TCM has become more and more accepted by other countries in the world.  ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中医的两个关键组成部分: 针灸和艾灸。‎ ‎1. 【解析】scary。考查词性转换。 sound听起来, 为系动词, 故此处应用形容词作表语。句意: 把针扎入皮肤可能听起来很恐怖, 但是针灸和艾灸, 中医的两个关键组成部分, 据说可以改善病人的健康状况。‎ ‎2. 【解析】to improve。考查非谓语动词。 be said to do sth. “据说……”是固定用法。‎ ‎3. 【解析】Added。考查非谓语动词。动词add与“acupuncture and moxibustion”构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 故此处用过去分词短语作状语。句意: 针灸和艾灸在中国已经被广泛实践数千年, 2010年, 它们被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。‎ ‎4. 【解析】widely。考查词性转换。此处修饰动词 practiced, 结合语境可知, 应用副词 widely广泛地”。‎ ‎5. 【解析】on。考查介词。(be) based on意为“以……为基础”。句意: 它们的形式和实践有独特的区域特征, 它们还拥有基于中国文化和科学的宝贵遗产。‎ ‎6. 【解析】its。考查代词。one’s own意为“……自己的”。句意: 传统的中医理论认为人体是一个小宇宙, 有自己的血液循环系统, 在这个系统中, 有穴位连通经络。‎ 12‎ ‎7. 【解析】be made。考查语态。句子主语“the self-regulating-function. . . body”与动词make之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+动词过去分词”构成。句意: 通过刺激这些穴位, 人体的自我调节功能会更佳。‎ ‎8. 【解析】techniques。考查名词单复数。由下文的such as twisting and lifting. . . ”可知, 此处不止一个技巧, 故用名词复数形式。句意: 针灸是指以一定的角度将针扎入病人体内, 利用捻针、抬针等技巧刺激穴位, 从而治疗疾病的做法。‎ ‎9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。 at a distance离一段距离。句意: 艾灸通常是指将艾直接放在穴位上或持着艾条隔着一段距离暖身。‎ ‎10. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知, “ 　　　can be treated by acupuncture and moxibustion”作动词 published的宾语, 为宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 表示“……的事情”, 故用what。句意: 1995年, 世界卫生组织公布了针灸和艾灸能够治疗的病症, 中医已经越来越被世界上其他国家接受。 ‎ Ⅳ. 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; ‎ ‎ 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Dear Ben, ‎ I’m glad to know about that you are enthusiastic about Chinese classics these days. In order to better your understand of Chinese literature, I think, Journey to the West, one of the four great classical novel, will make the best choice. ‎ Journey to the West, writing by Wu Cheng’en in 16th century, tells a story about Priest Tang and his three followers. We travel westward to India. After overcoming difficulties, they eventual get true Buddhism. ‎ You are sure to enjoy read the novel but you’re welcome to share with me your opinions whenever you like. ‎ I wished you could pay a visit to China when it is convenient for you. ‎ 12‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 答案: ‎ ‎1. 【解析】第一句去掉about。后面接that引导的宾语从句时, know直接接从句,‎ 12‎ ‎ 不需要加介词。‎ ‎2. 【解析】第二句understand →understanding。根据your可知, 此处需要用名词。‎ ‎【知识拓展】动词+-ing构成名词 有些动词变成名词时, 是加后缀-ing。例如: swimming, walking, running, spelling, fishing等。‎ ‎3. 【解析】第二句novel →novels。根据前面的one of可知, 此处需要用novel的复数。‎ ‎4. 【解析】第三句writing →written。written by Wu Cheng’en是过去分词短语, 作定语修饰Journey to the West。‎ ‎5. 【解析】第三句in后面加the。序数词前面加定冠词the, 表示特指。‎ ‎6. 【解析】第四句We→ They。此处指唐僧师徒四人, 所以用They。‎ ‎7. 【解析】第五句eventual →eventually。此处需要副词修饰动词get。‎ ‎8. 【解析】第六句read →reading。enjoy后面接动词的-ing形式。‎ ‎9. 【解析】第六句but →and。此处前后是并列关系。‎ ‎10. 【解析】第七句wished→ wish。此处表示现在的期望, 所以用一般现在时。‎ Ⅴ. 书面表达 假如你是李华, 你班上周星期一第一节课召开了以“垃圾分类(waste sorting)”为主题的班会, 请你用英语写一篇通讯稿, 内容包括: ‎ ‎ 1. 班会的时间、地点; ‎ ‎ 2. 班会的过程; ‎ ‎ 3. 班会后的认识和感受。‎ ‎ 注意: 词数100左右。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ ‎　　In the first class of last Monday, a class meeting whose topic was “waste sorting” was held in our classroom. ‎ ‎　　At the beginning of the meeting, we watched a video about how to sort waste. Then, we were given the opportunity to do it by ourselves, some of whom were asked to come to the front to demonstrate the process, making explanations. Lastly, the ‎ 12‎ monitor appealed to us to do our part to make our world more beautiful. ‎ ‎　　The activity turned out to be successful and fruitful, through which we not only acquired a good knowledge of waste sorting but also raised our awareness of protecting the environment. ‎ 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　The Panama Canal opened almost 100 years ago. It extends approximately 50 miles from Panama City on the Pacific Ocean 1. 　　　　 Colon on the Caribbean Sea. It is 2. 　　　　(wide) considered to be one of the world’s greatest engineering 3. 　　　　(achieve).  ‎ More than one million ships 4. 　　　　(pass) through waterway since 1914. It connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and reduces travel by about 13, 000 kilometers and avoids the need for ships to sail around Cape Horn at the bottom of South America.  ‎ The United States is the largest user of the canal in terms of cargo tonnage (吨位), as either port of origin or destination, although Asian countries are beginning 5. 　　　　(close) the gap. About 12% of U. S. sea-borne international trade, in terms of tonnage, passes through the Canal annually. Ships bound for Japan from the East Coast of the United States save about 3, 000 miles by 6. 　　　　 (go)through the canal; ships sailing from Ecuador (厄瓜多尔) to Europe save about 5, 000 miles.  ‎ ‎7. 　　　　 (build) from 1904 to 1914, the canal has seen annual traffic rise from about 1, 000 ships early on to 14, 702 ships in 2008. So many ships passed through the canal 8. 　　　　 it was expanded later. The canal, 9. 　　　　 has been named one of the seven modern wonders of the world, has made a great 10. 　　　　(contribute) to the international trade. More than forty ships pass through the canal each day.  ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文介绍了巴拿马运河。‎ ‎1. 【解析】to。此处是from. . . to. . . 的搭配。‎ ‎2. 【解析】widely。此处需要副词作状语, widely表示“广泛地”, 修饰谓语。‎ 12‎ ‎3. 【解析】achievements。根据空前面的one of可知, 此处需要用名词, 且用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎4. 【解析】have passed。根据时间状语since 1914可知此处用现在完成时。‎ ‎5. 【解析】to close。begin后面接动词不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可。但当begin用于进行时的时候, 后面只接动词不定式。‎ ‎【知识拓展】既接动词不定式也接动词的-ing形式, 意思不变的一些动词: ‎ start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer等。‎ ‎6. 【解析】going。介词by后面接动词的-ing形式。‎ ‎7. 【解析】Built。此处是过去分词作状语。build和句子主语the canal 之间是被动关系, 且build这一动作已发生, 所以用过去分词。‎ ‎8. 【解析】that。此处是so. . . that. . . (如此……以至于……)句型。‎ ‎9. 【解析】which。关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰the canal。which在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎10. 【解析】contribution。make a great contribution to. . . 为……做出巨大贡献。‎ 12‎