江苏专用2021版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练34牛津译林版 9页

课时提能练(三十四)‎ Unit 4　Helping people around the world 课时作业A：基础层面 Ⅰ.语境语法填空 ‎ A The UN is an international organization consisting of countries that want to promote world peace.It 1.was_set(set) up just after the Second World War by 51 countries 2.while today 192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions：to keep international peace; to develop friendly 3.relationships(relationship) among nations；to work together in 4.solving(solve) international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights；and to be a centre for organizing the actions 5.or work of different nations.‎ Apart from the urgent problems 6.caused(cause) by wars and disasters，the UN helps countries 7.with other problems such as lack of education，8.starvation(starve)，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.At 9.a UN meeting in 2000，all of its members agreed to try and meet eight development goals by the year 2015，one of which 10.is(be) to ensure that clean water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education.‎ B Nowadays many people lack healthy food on account of environmental pollution. What's worse，in some places，it is impossible for people 1.to_drink(drink) clean water.‎ Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.On the other hand，the non-official environmental organization 2.referred(refer) to just advocates the use of green power，which is 3.beneficial(benefit)to our environment，at the same time，if only we could use some alternative means of transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better.‎ In a word，what we have done will make much 4.difference (differ) to our environment.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。(sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do)‎ The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are_difficult_to_understand for 9‎ ‎ a foreign learner.‎ ‎2．我胃不舒服，我倒希望没有吃那么多。(would rather)‎ I have an upset stomach and I would_rather I hadn't_eaten so much.‎ ‎3．由于缺钱，可怜的女孩不能买这本书。(lack)‎ The poor girl can't buy this book for_lack_of_money.‎ ‎4．提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打个电话。(remind)‎ Remind_me_to_phone Alan before I go out.‎ 课时作业B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·昆明市诊断测试)Who're happier，men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful，because basically，happiness is different for women and men.‎ Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years，according to recent statistics.And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men.Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.‎ Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness，warmth and fear，which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver，while men display more anger，pride and disrespect，which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.‎ Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially，but also genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view，to understand their actions and intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings，such as more guilt，shame and to a lesser degree，embarrassment.‎ Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger，women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness.This 9‎ ‎ supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。‎ ‎1．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?‎ A．Warmth.　　　　　　　 B．Depression.‎ C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger，pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。]‎ ‎2．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?‎ A．Psychological factors.‎ B．Biological factors.‎ C．Educational factors.‎ D．Social factors.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。]‎ ‎3．One can probably read the text from________.‎ A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine D　[推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。]‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.‎ B．Men and women experience happiness differently.‎ C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.‎ D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.‎ B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。]‎ B ‎(2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试)As evolution tends to remove waste，how come we evolved such large，energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.But our new study done in an 9‎ ‎ unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生态)．‎ Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before.The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems.For example，do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin.Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?‎ While many studies have found such associations，there is a problem.It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.‎ To find out the causes of brain expansion，we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model.We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans.But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains.In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life.Bigger isn't necessarily better.‎ But many animals face hard ecological problems.Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.So our results and those of others' suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.‎ Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。‎ ‎5．In most people's view，what makes human evolve large brains?‎ A．Social challenges.‎ B．Social and ecological challenges.‎ C．Ecological challenges.‎ D．Competition with other large animals.‎ 9‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。]‎ ‎6．What's the problem of the common approach?‎ A．Its model is not reliable enough.‎ B．It doesn't tell the cause and effect clearly.‎ C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.‎ D．It doesn't find brain size is connected with problems.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。]‎ ‎7．Why don't many animals have large brains?‎ A．They don't learn from each other.‎ B．They don't face hard ecological problems.‎ C．They don't need to cooperate with each other.‎ D．They don't keep learning tough skills as they grow.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why don't they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。]‎ ‎8．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?‎ A．Animals don't have large brains.‎ B．Social challenges decrease brain size.‎ C．Ecological challenges increase brain size.‎ D．It's unclear whether human brains will expand further.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation，we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019·石家庄市重点高中摸底考试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help. A woman—in her attempt to give __1__ to 9‎ ‎ an ambulance—had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__. She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it. A couple of people tried to __3__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left. The woman in the car tried to __4__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.‎ While watching the other people __5__， I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __6__ that would be if I were in her shoes. After some talking, she invited me to sit inside her car.‎ I wasn't in a hurry, so I __7__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __8__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble. But actually it wasn't too much trouble __9__ they could still pass, and also there wasn't anything she could do about it __10__. We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.‎ Finally __11__ came and helped her back on the street. She __12__me and asked for my phone number so she could return the favor，but I told her it was okay. She seemed to feel much __13__ when we said our goodbyes. I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __14__ can make a lot of __15__.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　该文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。‎ ‎1．A.signal B．way C．time D．help B　[一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to...“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。]‎ ‎2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．abandoned A　[根据下文“She couldn't move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。]‎ ‎3．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive A　[根据上文“She couldn't move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。]‎ ‎4．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take 9‎ B　[那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。]‎ ‎5．A.shout B．discuss C．stand D．leave D　[根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn't do much about it, they left”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。]‎ ‎6．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible C　[根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”呼应。]‎ ‎7．A.consulted B．warned C．advised D．informed D　[根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者告知(informed)家人一些情况。]‎ ‎8．A.persuade B．comfort C．frighten D．satisfy B　[根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others trouble”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文“We laughed and joked that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”呼应。]‎ ‎9．A.though B．until C．since D．unless C　[根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。]‎ ‎10．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow A　[根据上文“She couldn't move the car in any direction without damaging it”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。]‎ ‎11．A.news B．my partner C．assistance D．an ambulance C　[根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。]‎ ‎12．A.greeted B．thanked C．accepted D．attracted B 9‎ ‎　[根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。]‎ ‎13．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better D　[根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。]‎ ‎14．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly A　[根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境的。]‎ ‎15．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference D　[作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。]‎ 写作规范练 概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ ‎(2019·浙江临安昌化中学高三上学期期末)Noisy neighbors are a common problem in a society where many people live closely together.Obviously，this issue can be most significant when you share walls or a floor/ceiling with a neighbor in an apartment.A noisy neighbor can make life challenging，particularly if noise continues well into the night，or occurs during early morning hours.This situation needs to be dealt with properly，which requires your ability to keep calm.‎ You should first attempt to tell your noisy neighbors about the noise.This conversation should be polite，even friendly.It can begin with a statement like“I'm not sure you're aware.”Explain the noise issue briefly，and ask the neighbor to turn down the music，or not to hold parties until ‎3 a．m.You can also add that you realize they hear your noise too，and you're certainly willing to try to stop anything in your behavior that is creating extra noise.‎ You should know that not all neighbors are going to respond to your request，and some may respond in a bad manner.If the noisy neighbors，don't change their behavior，the next step should be to write the neighbors a letter.The letter should state the specific grievances(不满) and any dates when the noise was particularly bothersome. For example，if your neighbor has loud gatherings every Friday night that last into the early morning，then write down those dates.‎ When the noise remains ongoing，you should definitely report it to local 9‎ ‎ authorities.Start with landlords or HOAS and continue with calls to the police department，when absolutely necessary.Often，however，the problem is resolved when the noisy neighbors know you are going to call the police.‎ Do be aware that you cannot always request noisy neighbors to be quiet.When the noise remains ongoing，it is wise not to respond to noise in an angry or retaliatory(报复性的) fashion.If you have followed through with the steps and letter，don't start banging things around in your home or turning up the music to annoy the neighbors.Simply report their behavior to the appropriate authorities.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】　‎ Being disturbed by noisy neighbors happens commonly in our life.(要点1) To deal with this problem，you need to follow these steps.(要点2) First of all，you are advised to have a friendly conversation with your noisy neighbors about this issue.(要点3) If they don't respond or respond in a bad manner，try writing them a letter，in which you should detail the noise and your grievances.(要点4) When these two methods fail，just report the issue to relevant authorities，but do remember：don't return like for like.(要点5)‎ 9‎