2021届新高考英语人教版一轮考评训练：：话题七　社会生活（B） 8页

www.ks5u.com 话题七　社会生活(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A ‎[2019·全国卷ⅡC]Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her ebook as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.‎ A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.‎ ‎“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.‎ Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for selfreflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”‎ That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.‎ ‎1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?‎ A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.‎ C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.‎ ‎2．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?‎ A．To meet with her coworkers.‎ B．To catch up with her work.‎ C．To have some time on her own.‎ D．To collect data for her report.‎ ‎3．What do we know about Mazoleny?‎ A．He makes videos for the bar.‎ B．He's fond of the food at the bar.‎ C．He interviews customers at the bar.‎ D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.‎ ‎4．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The trend of having meals alone.‎ B．The importance of selfreflection.‎ C．The stress from working overtime.‎ D．The advantage of wireless technology.‎ B ‎[2020·山东省、湖北省部分重点中学联考]Public libraries are an excellent resource for research, literacy(读写能力) education, and readingcentered events. Most towns have one or share library services with other towns through a mobile library, and the use of a public library is free to people who are willing to apply for a library card.‎ There are several primary sources of library funding (资金), starting with national funds which are distributed to states or provinces. These regions send the funds on to public libraries. Local governments also play an important role in providing funding for libraries, and most librarians apply for grants (拨款). Finally, private donations help to maintain libraries — most libraries have an association of Friends of the Library which organizes fundraising sales and pays annual dues to help maintain the library.‎ ‎ Grants and private donations can also be used to provide a large amount of funding for public libraries, and some large libraries maintain a separate staff member to increase the amount of funding that they can obtain through these sources. Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children's books, or local history, and education grants which support locallybased community efforts such as afterschool reading programs. Many private donors are pleased to support their local public libraries by donating funds or including some library in their wills, and libraries reward their donors with treats like afterhours visits or privileged access to special collections.‎ ‎ By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers. When it comes to supporting public libraries, every little bit counts: if you cannot afford to donate to a local library, think about volunteering time to help shelve books, lead afterschool programs, or organize fundraisers. Being active with ‎ your public library is a very important way to contribute to your local community.‎ ‎5．How many main sources of library funding are mentioned?‎ A．Two. B．Three. ‎ C．Four. D．Five.‎ ‎6．How is the funding made use of according to the text?‎ A．By exploring more about history.‎ B．By developing a scientific computer system.‎ C．By holding afterschool activities for students.‎ D．By enriching special collections for the donors.‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “browsers” refer to in the last paragraph?‎ A．Viewers in the library.‎ B．Programs used to view documents.‎ C．People running the library.‎ D．Donors visiting the library regularly.‎ ‎8．What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To stress the value of public libraries.‎ B．To appeal for donation to local libraries.‎ C．To introduce sources of public library funding.‎ D．To show the procedure of funding libraries.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·江西八所重点中学高三联考]Flextime is a flexible hours schedule in which employees choose their own working hours, usually working within approximate limits set by the employer or by the government. __1__‎ ‎ For employees, flextime has a clear advantage. __2__ For example, people can use flextime to create schedules which will allow them to go to school, handle childcare, assist relatives, and perform other tasks. Employees may also use their flextime to create a schedule which optimizes creativity, as in the case of someone who would prefer to work earlier in the day to get more accomplished.‎ ‎__3__ First, it tends to increase employees' satisfaction. This makes the company a better and more productive place to work. In addition, flextime can allow companies to serve clients for a greater portion of the day, as employees will be around at varying hours to answer phones, attend meetings, and so forth.‎ ‎ Most flextime schedules include core time. __4__ Employees are also usually given an hourly, daily or weekly limit to ensure that they do not violate laws about working hours. Or the company is only willing to ‎ pay wages for so many hours of work each week.‎ ‎ A classic example of a flexible time schedule is that someone who works four 10hour shifts a week can take three days off. Flextime can also be combined with flexplace, in which the environment is better than that of the office. __5__ Employers may also allow people to work in untraditional settings such as coffee houses.‎ ‎　A．Employers benefit from flextime a lot.‎ B．It's also seen as a familyfriendly policy.‎ C．However, flextime may not be applicable to all fields.‎ D．It is a period of the day in which everyone is expected ‎ to be at work.‎ E．Many employers all over the world offer this method to their employees.‎ F．For example, home offices are increasingly popular among many companies.‎ G．It allows them to make changes to their work schedule which will suit their lives.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·太原阶段测评]In the past few years, more than half of bookstores in China have closed down, 1.________ is the result of the 2.________ (compete) with online bookstores. But the success of Sisyphe Bookstore, one of the 3.________ (big) privatelyowned bookstore chains in China, may serve 4.________ a great example.‎ ‎5．________ (found) in 1993, Sisyphe started to transform and upgrade its business in 2009 to seek its profitability. Now, it not only devotes itself to 6.________ (sell) books, but combines the functions of the bookstore, cafe and the sale of 7.________ (create) cultural products. Sisyphe opens its bookstores in shopping malls in order to take advantage of the large number of consumers of shopping malls to sell its books, and it also 8.________ (able) people to enjoy spending time reading and drinking coffee. In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so 9.________ is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.‎ So far, the government 10.________ (offer) tax reduction for bookstores to encourage the development of physical bookstores. Perhaps it is early to say the boom of physical bookstores has come, but definitely, we see the turning point to them.‎ 话题七　社会生活(B)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：人与社会　主题：社会交往 ‎【文章大意】　现如今，在美国，越来越多的人选择自己吃饭，他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。本文侧重培养学生的文化意识。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。本题题干意为：第二段中的数据是关于什么的？根据第二段A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.可知，本段中出现的数据都体现了人们吃饭的习惯，所以选择B项。A：食物的多样性；C：餐桌礼仪；D：餐厅服务。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。本题题干意为：为什么Bechtel更愿意出去吃午餐？根据第三段的最后一句的Today, I just wanted some time to myself可知答案为C项。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。本题题干意为：关于Mazoleny我们知道些什么？根据题干中的人名Mazoleny可知答案应在第四段寻找。根据第四段的第二句He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a firstname basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知，他和服务员很熟，故答案为D项。A：他为餐馆拍视频；B：他喜欢这个餐馆的食物；C：他在这个餐馆采访顾客。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。本题题干意为：本文的主要内容是什么？文章最后一段出现了关键词eat alone，第三段和第四段举了两个人独自吃饭的例子。整篇文章都是围绕着eat alone展开的，与A项中的having meals ‎ alone相匹配，故答案为A项。B：自我反省的重要性；C：加班带来的压力；D：无线科技的优点。‎ B 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：图书馆资金来源 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源。‎ ‎ 【难句分析】　Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children's books, or local history, and education grants which support locallybased community efforts such as afterschool reading programs.‎ ‎ 分析：本句是主从复合句，句子主干是Grants include technology grants, grants and education grants，句中有三个which引导的定语从句。‎ ‎ 译文：拨款包括让图书馆安装和更新电脑系统的技术拨款，关注某个特定话题，如科学、小说、童书或当地历史的拨款和支持当地社区活动如课外读书项目的教育拨款。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：B　考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，图书馆资金来源主要有三个：国家资金；当地政府的拨款；私人捐款。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“education grants which support locallybased community efforts such as afterschool reading programs”可知，有些资金用于为学生举办一些课外活动。‎ ‎【技巧点拨】本题实际上考查的是考生对长难句的理解与分析，因此拥有扎实的语言基本功是做好此题的关键。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：A　考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers”可知，通过组合多种资源，有创造力的图书馆馆长可以使他们的图书馆有用、信息丰富并且对于browsers来说有趣。故可推知browsers应是去图书馆的人。故答案为A。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：C　考查写作意图。本文主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源，故答案为C。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　A项是第一段的中心，不是文章的写作目的，可以排除；最后一段的最后两句提到支持图书馆有多种方式，可以从很多小事做起，作者并没有强调要给图书馆捐款，所以也没有“呼吁”一说，故排除B项；D项错在procedure (程序，手续)，文章并未提及相关信息，故排除D项。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：弹性工作时间制 ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了弹性工作时间制的相关内容。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：‎ E　根据空处所在位置可知，空处承上启下；空前一句是说弹性工作时间制是指员工可以选择自己的工作时间，通常在老板或政府的设定范围内工作；紧接着下段开头说弹性工作时间制对员工有好处，故E项“世界上的许多雇主都会向他们的雇员提供这种方法”符合语境，衔接上下文。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：G　空前一句是说对于雇员而言，弹性工作时间制有明显的好处，由此可推知空处应是具体介绍好处体现的方面，故G项“这允许他们对自己的工作时间表作出改变来适合他们的生活”符合语境。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：A　根据文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；通读该段可知，该段主要介绍了弹性工作时间制对于雇主的好处。故选A。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：D　根据空前一句“Most flextime schedules include core time”可知，大多数弹性工作时间包括核心时间。据此可推知，空处应是介绍核心工作时间的内容，即每个人被要求工作的时间段，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：F　根据空处上文的内容可知，弹性工作时间制与弹性工作地点也可以结合在一起；据此可推知，空处应是举例说明弹性工作地点的相关情况，故F项符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：Sisyphe书店的发展 ‎ 【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国实体书店的现状及西西弗书店的发展历程。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：which　考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，所以用which引导该从句。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：competition　考查词形转换。根据语境以及空前的定冠词“the”可推知，此处应用compete的名词形式competition，表示“竞争”。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：biggest　考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“one of the”和空后的“bookstore chains in China”及语境可推知，此处应用big的最高级形式。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：as　考查固定用法。serve as“适合作……用”为固定用法，此处表示西西弗书店的成功是一个很好的例子。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：Founded　考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，found其逻辑主语Sisyphe之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：selling　考查非谓语动词。devote oneself to sth.“致力于某事”中的to为介词，介词后面应接动名词形式，故填selling。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：creative　考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用creative修饰其后的“cultural products”，表示“创造性的文化产品”。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：enables　考查动词的时态、主谓一致及词形转换。它也使人们能够享受阅读和饮用咖啡的时光。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处需要谓语动词；根据上文中的“opens”可知，此处应用一般现在时，且空前的主语“it”是第三人称单数，所以填enables。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处动词不定式为真正的主语，故用代词it作形式主语。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：has offered　考查动词的时态和语态。so far为现在完成时的标志，且根据语境可知，offer与其主语the government为主动关系，所以此处应填has offered。‎