新课标2021高考英语一轮复习课时作业388-3Inventorsandinventions 人教版选修8 8页

课时作业38 8-3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．What was it that distinguished her ________ her classmates?‎ ‎2．We must always bear in mind ________ China is a big country with a huge population.‎ ‎3．The exhibition was organized by the school in ________ (associate) with local artists.‎ ‎4．When you come to school, please visit my office at your ________ (convenient)．‎ ‎5．The service offers young people ________ (practice) advice on finding a job.‎ ‎6．Whether or not the secretary will be fired is at the ________ (merciful) of her boss.‎ ‎7．I believe that you are ________ (innocence), and I'll stand up for you anywhere.‎ ‎8．We all have an ________ (expect) that he can pass the driving test next week.‎ ‎9．I have filled in the form and ________ (file) my patent application with the Patent Office.‎ ‎10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and ________ (seize) opportunities can one succeed.‎ 答案 ‎1．from　2.that　3.association　4.convenience ‎5．practical　6.mercy　7.innocent　8.expectation ‎9．filed　10.seizing Ⅱ.选词填空 hang on，ring off，dive...into...，set about，call up ‎1．Before I gave my name he ________， which made me very angry.‎ ‎2．Having made up his mind, he ________ carrying out the plan.‎ 8‎ ‎3．Someone ________ from downtown and asked to see you at five.‎ ‎4．If you ________ for a while, I will go and see if I can find your mother.‎ ‎5．The thief ________ his hand ________ my handbag and robbed the wallet and ran away.‎ 答案 ‎1．rang off　2.set about　3.called up ‎4．hang on　5.dived；into Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019年广东省中山市第一中学高三上学期第二次统测)‎ Cigarette ends are everywhere — littering our streets and beaches — and for decades they've been thought of as “unrecyclable”. But a New Jersey based company，called TerraCycle，has taken on the challenge，and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.‎ Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking，but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in antismoking ads and messaging，between 2000 and 2014，global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent，and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. “It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water，” TerraCycle founder，Tom Szaky，said. “Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food. ”‎ So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials，such as the tobacco and the paper，with other kinds of rubbish，and use it on nonagricultural land，such as golf courses. The filters(过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these，TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces，and then combines them with other recycled materials，making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.‎ 8‎ They're now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently can't be recycled，such as chocolate packaging，pens，and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill(垃圾填埋)，and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far，it's working.‎ ‎“We haven't found anything that we can't recycle，”communications director of TerraCycle，Albe Zakes，said. “But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to address. ”‎ ‎1．What does TerraCycle intend to do?‎ A．Search for recyclable materials for use.‎ B．Deal with as many cigarette ends as possible.‎ C．Produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.‎ D．Recycle what used to be considered unrecyclable.‎ ‎2．The underlined word “trash” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________．‎ A．rubbish B．poison C．disaster D．ruin ‎3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?‎ A．The effective use of cigarette ends.‎ B．The process of recycling cigarette ends.‎ C．The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends.‎ D．The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.‎ ‎4．What Albe said in the last paragraph implies that ________.‎ A．there is more and more waste to be recycled B．it is difficult for TerraCycle to recycle everything C．TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new waste D．TerraCycle has successfully recycled a large amount of waste 答案与解析 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述新泽西一个公司回收人们认为是不可回收的东西，例如烟头，并讲述了其回收利用过程，该公司表示他们还没有遇到不可回收的东西，并会继续迎接回收新垃圾的挑战。‎ 8‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段的Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse可知，TerraCycle的目的是要回收那些被人们认为不可再回收利用的东西，故选D。‎ ‎2．A　词义猜测题。根据该词后的 Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. 可推测出，此处trash指的是垃圾的意思。故选A。‎ ‎3．B　段落大意题。根据第三段的首句So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful？(那么你怎么把这些垃圾变得有用呢？)可知，此段讲的是烟头回收利用的过程，故选B。‎ ‎4．C　推理判断题。根据Albe说的话“But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to address.”可知，TerraCycle公司正试图寻找新垃圾来处理，也就是面对新垃圾的挑战。故选C。‎ B Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you. According to the ancient Greeks，there are three basic tools of persuasion：ethos，pathos，and logos.‎ Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy，honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all，you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person. If an audience cannot trust you，you will not be able to persuade them.‎ Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example，a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear，thus making them support him. Similarly，an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats，to make the viewers feel pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals，they will be more likely to donate money.‎ Logos is the use of facts，statistics，or other evidence to support your 8‎ ‎ argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”．‎ Although ethos，pathos，and logos all have their strengths，they are often most effective when used together. Indeed，most speakers use a combination of ethos，pathos，and logos to persuade their audiences. So，the next time you listen to a speech，watch a commercial，or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money，be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.‎ ‎5．Why does the author say persuasion is an art?‎ A．They both entertain the audience.‎ B．They both require great skills to achieve.‎ C．They both demand full attention from the audience.‎ D．They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers.‎ ‎6．How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience?‎ A．By expressing her sympathy with the audience.‎ B．By telling the audience about her personal preference.‎ C．By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.‎ D．By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.‎ ‎7．What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion?‎ A．Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.‎ B．Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.‎ C．Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.‎ D．Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.‎ ‎8．An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using ________．‎ A．ethos B．pathos C．logos D．a combination of all three 答案与解析 本文叙述的是“说服”是使某人信服你的艺术。根据古希腊人的说法，有三种基本的说服方法ethos, pathos, and logos，通常需要这三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果。‎ 8‎ ‎5．B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.和最后一段第一句Although ethos, pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together.可知，persuasion是需要三者结合才可以发挥最大的效果，也就是“说服”需要巨大的技巧才能达到，故选B。‎ ‎6．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field.可知，Ethos是通过解释在某一领域所获得过的教育和所积累的经验，因此选D。‎ ‎7．B　推理判断题。文章没有提到ethos是最重要的方面，而是说三个点都很重要，需要结合在一起，所以排除A选项；C项文中没有提到诚实是说服别人相信你的论点的关键。D项政治领袖大多用Pathos来说服听众错误，因此选B。‎ ‎8．C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Logos is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to support your argument.可知，Logos是用事实、数据或其他证据来证明观点，故与95% of all bacteria相符，故选C。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。‎ 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Taking parts in recreation activities help us keep fit. There are different kinds of activity in our daily life, for example, listening to music, watching TV, playing chess, or going to cinema. But I think we'd better to have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains getting tired. But it is a good idea to play ball games, go swimming, do some runnings, or even go for a picnic. Our brains also need changes to make itself smart and active. In a word, exercise is good for health.‎ 8‎ 答案 Ⅴ.书面表达 假如你是英国的Mike，你的朋友李华打算到国外留学，他写信询问你什么样的中国学生最受国外高校的青睐。请你根据以下要点给对方写一封回信：‎ ‎1．语言是道硬门槛；‎ ‎2．适应能力很重要；‎ ‎3．兴趣爱好被看重；‎ ‎4．要有社会责任感。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结束语已为你写好，但不计入总词数。‎ Dear Li Hua，‎ I'm glad to hear that you want to study abroad in your letter. ________________________________________________________________________‎ 8‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Mike 答案 Dear_Li_Hua，‎ I'm_glad_to_hear_that_you_want_to_study_abroad_in_your_letter. Here is what I know about what kind of Chinese students are favored in foreign colleges and universities.‎ Firstly, the language ability is essential, which helps you have barrierfree communication with others and makes it easier for you to understand the courses. Secondly, you should have the ability to adapt quickly to the new environment. Besides, your interest is valued as well，for it has a lot to do with success. Last but not least, those who are willing to shoulder social responsibility are especially respected and welcomed.‎ I hope what is mentioned above can be of some help to you. Best wishes and good luck!‎ Yours，‎ Mike 8‎