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2020-2021年新高三英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Women of achievement

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2020-2021 年新高三英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Women of achievement 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 :要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备) 重点单词 1.achieve vt.完成;达到→achievement n.成就;功绩 2.welfare n.福利;福利事业 3.project n.项目;工程;规划 4.institute n.学会;学院;协会 5.connection n.连接;关系;亲戚→connect vt.连接 6.campaign n.运动;战役;活动 vi.作战;参加运动 7.organization n.组织;机构;团体→organize vt.组织 8.behave vt. & vi.举动;(举止或行为)表现→behavio(u)r n.行为;举止;习性 9.shade n.荫;阴凉处 vt.遮住光线 10.worthwhile adj.值得的;值得做的 11.observe vt.观察;观测;遵守→observation n.观察,观测→observer n.观察者 12.respect vt. & n.尊敬;尊重;敬意→respectable adj.体面的,值得尊敬的→respectful adj.恭 敬的→respected adj.受尊敬的 13.argue vi. & vt.讨论;辩论;争论→argument n.争辩;争吵,论点,争论 14.entertainment n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演→entertain v.宴客,款待某人 15.inspire vt.鼓舞;感动;激发;启示→inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞或激励人的人或事物→inspired adj.受感动的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的 16.support n. & vt.支持;拥护 17.intend vt.计划;打算→intention n.打算 18.deliver vt.递送;生(小孩儿);接生;发表(演说等)→delivery n.发表,递送 2. 语法基础知识——非谓语动词 主题语境:话题——人物介绍(写人记事)(人与自我) 语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文,能够以较丰 重点短语 1.move off 离开;起程;出发 2.lead a...life 过着……的生活 3.crowd in (想法、问题等)涌上心头; 涌入脑海 4.refer to 查阅;参考;谈到 5.look down on/upon 蔑视;瞧不起 6.by chance/accident 碰巧;凑巧 7.come across (偶然)遇见;碰见 8.carry on 继续;坚持 9.human beings 人类 10.be put to death 被处死 11.devote all one’s life to 献身于 12.second to 次于 13.catch one’s eye 吸引某人的目光 14.can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 15.be intended for 专为……而设计,专供……用 经典句型 (高考书 面表达必 备) 1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使得她得以开始自己的计划。 2.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想 到在那个时候对于一个女性来说得到医学培训多么困难。 3.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到,是苦干和决心以及温和的天性 使她走进了医学院的大门。 必备语法 (高级句 型) 非谓语动词 富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 考点 1.observe vt.观察;观测;遵守;庆祝 【归纳拓展】 observation n. 观察;观察力,(观察后发生的)议论,意见 observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事 observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制 observe Christmas (National Day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节) be under observation 受严密监视 escape one‘s observation 避开某人的注意 【温馨提示】 observe sb. do sth.在变成被动语态时,应添加省掉的不定式符号“to”。 【典例 1】 语法填空 1.(2020·江苏高三月考)Actors should be good _______(observe), watching people’s body language and speaking style, and transforming this into their own abilities to progress in acting. 【答案】observers 【解析】句意:演员应该是很好的观察者,观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格,并将其转化为 自己的能力,从而在表演上取得进步。根据前面的 actors 可知,此处填名词 observers。 2.(2019·江苏期末)According to some witnesses, the thief ______(observe)entering the bank when they were passing by. 【答案】was observed 【解析】句意:据一些目击者说,有人看见小偷在他们经过时进入银行。此处是小偷被看到 进入银行。故填 was observed。 3.(2019·天津高三)Tourists are required _________(observe) local customs and mind their manners when travelling abroad. 【答案】to observe 【解析】句意:游客被要求在国外旅行的时候遵守当地的习俗,并且注意自己的行为举止。 Be required to do sth。故填 to observe。 4.(2020·湖北省武昌实验中学月考)They planned to hold a grand party ________(observe) their parents’ diamond wedding anniversary as a reward for bringing them up. 【答案】to observe 【解析】他们计划举办一个盛大的派对来庆祝他们父母的钻石结婚纪念日,以此作为抚养他 们长大成人的回报。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填 to observe。 【变式】 单项选择 1.( 2019·无锡市第一中学期中)Drivers must strictly _______the speed limit when driving on the freeways to keep away from any possible accidents. A.grasp B.represent C.observe D.reduce 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。司机在高速公路上开车时必须严格遵守限速,以避免任何可能 发生的事故。A. grasp 抓住;B. represent 代表;C. observe 遵守;D. reduce 减少。根据句意 可知,司机应该在高速行车时遵守限速要求,observe 意为“遵守”,与题意相符,故选 C。 2. Daylight saving time was introduced in some European countries in the 1960s and today some 70 countries worldwide still ___________ the practice. A.observe B.conserve C.innovate D.abolish 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:夏令时是于 20 世纪 60 年代被引入一些欧洲国家的,而 且当今在世界范围内,约有 70 个国家仍然沿用这个做法。A. observe 遵守,奉行(法律、习 俗、规章等)符合语境;B. conserve 节约,保护,保存;C. innovate 创新,革新;D. abolish 废除,废止(法律、制度、习俗等)。根据句意可知,A 选项符合题意,故选 A。 【即时巩固】 写出下列 observe 的意思。 (1)Everyone should observe the traffic rules._____________ (2)Some people observe Christmas here.______________ (3)The police observed the man entering the bank.__________ (4)She observed that he’d left but made no comment._______________ 【答案】(1)遵守 (2)庆祝(3)观察(4)评论 考点 2.argue vt.& vi.讨论;辩论;争论 【归纳拓展】 argument n. 争论;辩论 argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue against/for 为反对/为赞成……而辩论 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue on... 就……辩论 argue that... 辩论说…… 【典例 2】 语法填空 1. (2020·黑龙江实验中学高三开学考试)It is no use __________(argue) with Bill because he will never change his mind. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查固定句型。句意:和 Bill 争论是没有用的,因为他是不会改变主意的。It is no use+动名词或动名词短语,表示“做某事没有用”,是一个固定结构。故选 A。 2.(2020·江苏高三)— Do you think the only way to truly know a person is ______(argue)with him? — I can't agree more. When the _____(argue)is in full swing it reveals their character. 【答案】to argue/arguing; argument 【解析】句意:——你认为唯一可以真正了解一个人的方法是和他争论吗?——我非常同意。 当争论全面展开时,它会揭露他们的性格。不定式短语多动名词短语作表语,故填 to argue/arguing。第二空作主语用名词形式,故填 argument。 3.(2019·江苏启东中学高三月考)During the negotiation to follow, it can ______(argue)that shares of foreign companies are overvalued in terms of the return they offer. A. B.in memory of C.in favor of D.in charge of 【答案】be argued 【解析】句意:在接下来的谈判中,可以说外国公司的股票在回报方面被高估了。根据主语 it 可知,此处用被动语态的形式。故填 be argued。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(北京高三期末)Gun control is a subject _____ Americans have argued about for a long time. A.which B.when C.what D.where 【答案】A 【解析】 考查定语从句。句意:枪支的控制是美国人争论了好长时间的话题。这里使用了定语从句, 先行词是 subject,关系代词前用什么介词要取决于本句中的“argue”。argue about sth.选 A。 2.(2020·郑州外国语新枫杨学校高三月考)—Do you think it ___ to argue with them? —The question is not worthy ___. A.worth; discussing B.worthwhile; to be discussed C.worthy; to discuss D.worth; to be discussed 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词不定式和形容词。句意:——你觉得跟他们争辩有意义吗?——这个问题 不值得被讨论。分析句子结构可知,it 作形式宾语,空白处应该是宾语补足语,在这里要用 形容词。worth 的用法中,可以接动名词 be worth doing 意为“值得被……”,但不能后接不定 式且只做表语;而 worthwhile 可以接不定式 be worthwhile to 意为“值得……”。而答语中, be worthy to be done sth 意为“值得被……”,分析句意可知,主语 the question 和动词 discuss 之间是被动关系(问题被讨论),要用被动语态。结合选项。故选 B 项。 3. (2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中月考)There is no point _________; it’s too late to mend. A.arguing B.to argue C.argument D.argued 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:争吵是没有意义的,太迟了,以至于无法弥补。通过分析句 子结构,并翻译语境可知,此处使用 There is no point (in) doing sth.意为“做某事无意义”, 因此空中使用 argue 的动名词形式 arguing。故选 A 项。 4.(2019·江西南昌二中期中)Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:枪支管制是美国人争论已久的话题。先行词为 Gun control, 指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配 argue about sth。 故选 C 项。 根据句意完成句子 (1)He ______ that the experiment could be done in another way. 他辩称这项实验可以换一种方式进行。 (2)Do what you are told to and don’t ______ ______ me. 做要你做的事,不要与我争论。 (3)We ______ him ______ the adoption of the plan. 我们说服他采纳这项计划。 (4)It is ________ _________ that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. 中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一,这是无可争辩的。 【答案】(1)argued (2)argue with (3)argued ; into(4)beyond argument 考点 3.intend vt.计划;打算 【教材原句】I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.我细细地看了这篇文章,了解到那是为农村妇女写的。 【例句研读】 (1) Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.许多时候伤害你的那个人 不打算道歉。 (2) I intend you to take over the company.我打算让你来接管这个公司。 (3)I had intended to catch the early train,but I didn't get up in time.我本来打算赶早班的火车, 但没及时起床。 【归纳拓展】 intention n. 打算;计划 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend that...从句中谓语形式:(should)+do intend...as...=be intended as...打算把……当做…… intend...for...=be intended for 为……打算或设计 had intended that/to do... intended to have done...原本打算做…… 【典例 3】 语法填空 1.( 2019·江苏省南通中学高三期中)She ______(intend) to clean out the spare room last week, but it was much too occupied at that time. 【答案】had intended 【解析】考查时态。句意:她上周本打算打扫那间空余的房间,但那时候房间太拥挤了。had intended to do sth.意为“本打算做某事却未做”。故填 had intended。 2. (2020·江苏南京师大附中高三月考)China will launch several cooperation projects with other developing countries (intend)for climate change. 【答案】intended 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国将与发展中国家开展多个应对气候变化的合作项目。 be intended for“专门用于某人/某事” ,本句为过去分词作后置定语。故填 intended。 3.( 2019·江苏省南通中学高三期中)She wouldn’t have flown off the handle had she known the fact that you didn’t intend ________(hurt)to hurt her. 【答案】to hurt 【解析】句意:如果她知道你并没有打算伤害她这一事实的话,她就不会勃然大怒。根据题 中 wouldn't have 和 fact 后的同位语从句的时态可知,这是对过去时间的虚拟。在 if 的非真 实条件句中,对过去时间的虚拟从句谓语动词要用 had done,省略连词 if 后,句子要用部分 倒装,即 had 提前至从句主语之前。Intend to do sth 打算作某事。故填 to hurt。 4.(2019·江苏省天一中学高一期末)The government has released the policy “One belt, One road', ________ for the further economic growth. 【答案】intended 【解析】句意:政府发布了“一带一路”政策,旨在进一步促进经济增长。空格所在分句作定 语修饰 One belt, One road。逻辑主语“One belt, One road'与 intend 构成被动关系,故此处用 过去分词作后置定语。故填 intended。 5.( 2019·江苏高三)________ the concert to raise money for hunger relief and to make the public aware of the problem, Geldof invited many famous musicians to take part in it. 【答案】Intending 【解析】句意:盖尔多夫邀请了许多著名的音乐家参加这场音乐会,打算为消除饥饿筹集资 金,并让公众意识到这个问题。intend 的逻辑主语是 Geldof,它们之间是主动关系,用现在 分词作原因状语,且分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词的一般时作原因状 语,故填 Intending。 【变式】 单项选择 1.( 2020·赣榆智贤中学高三)I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises. A.had intended B.has intended C.intended D.has been intended 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:我本打算给你一个惊喜测验,但经过仔细考虑,我选择让你反思 一下你的练习。根据 I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.可知,had intended to do sth“本 打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合句意。故此题选 A。 2.(2020·湖北十堰一中期中)Obviously, the book is _________ for children aged between three and six. A.specialized B.supported C.determined D.intended 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:很显然,这本书是我 3 到 6 岁的孩子设计的。A. specialized 专业的;B. supported 支持;C. determined 坚决的;D. intended 预期的。根据语境, 填“为……设计的”(be intended for)符合句意。故选 D。 3.Her parents ________ her to be a teacher, but she made up her mind to be a painter. A.have intended B.were to intend C.were intending D.intend 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意:她父母原先想让她当教师,可是她下定决心要当画家。根据语境 可知,此处表示按计划安排过去将要发生的动作,过去的预想,应用过去进行时。故选 C。 完成句子 (1)I've made a mistake though I ________ ______ ______. 虽然不是有意,但我犯了错。 (2)The chair ______ _________ ______ you, but she took it away.那椅子原来是要给你的,可是 她拿走了。 (3)This ______ __________ ______ ______ a picture of a cat.这幅画原本是要画猫的。 【答案】(1)didn’t intend to(2) was intended for(3) was intended to be 考点 4.deliver vt.递送;接生(小孩儿);发表(演说)等 【归纳拓展】 deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech 发表演说 be delivered of a child=give birth to a child 生孩子 deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人 deliver from 使摆脱 【典例 4】 语法填空 1.( 2020·江苏高三)When Stanley finally made it to the lecture hall, the professor ________ (deliver)his speech for half an hour. 【答案】had delivered 【解析】考查动词时态。句意: 当斯坦利终于来到演讲厅时,教授已经演讲半个小时了。 根据句意,“deliver”这一动作发生在“made it”之前,when 引导的时间状语从句表示过去发生 的动作,故“发表演讲”是发生在“过去的过去”的动作,用过去完成时,故填 had delivered。 2.(2020·江苏高三月考)The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to _________(deliver)to them quickly and cheaply. A.to deliver B.to be delivered C.to delivering D. 【答案】delivered 【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意:互联网让人们有机会快速廉价地得到他们所期 待的信息。分析句子可知,该空考查了两个知识点,第一个是固定短语 look forward to“期待”, 该短语作为定语从句的谓语动词,省略了的关系词代词 which/that 作为 to 的宾语;第二个考 查非谓语动词作宾补,逻辑主语 information 和 deliver 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词,构 成固定结构 have sth. done“让某事被做”,综上所述,故填 delivered。 3.(2019·天津南开中学期中)They set out ____(deliver) food to a distant village. 【答案】to deliver 【解析】句意:他们出发去给遥远的村子送去食物。deliver 传递。根据句意,他们应该是给 偏远农村传递食物。故填 to deliver。 4.(2020·黑龙江牡丹江一中高二月考)As a consequence of the bad weather , the ______ (deliver)was put off. 【答案】delivery 【解析】句意:由于坏天气,配送被推迟了。此处作主语故用名词形式,故填 delivery。 5.( 2020·江苏高三)In the New Year speech ____(deliver) by our headmaster, he summarized the progress we made in 2019. 【答案】delivered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们校长的新年演讲中,他总结了我们 2019 年所取得 进步。 “deliver a speech”为固定搭配,意为“发表演讲”。分析句子可知,此处 speech 是主语, 与 deliver 之间是被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。故填 delivered。 【变式】 单项选择 1.We all feel excited that our Chinese teacher was ______of a healthy boy last week. A.observed B.produced C.commented D.delivered 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查动词词义辨析。解题步骤:1. 确定各选项意思:A. observed 观察;B. produced 产生,制造;C. commented 评论;D. delivered 分娩。2. 确定答案:由下文的 a healthy boy 可知,是“分娩”了一个男婴,且时间发生在上周应用一般过去时,故用 delivered。句意: 我们的语文老师上周生了一个健康的男孩,我们都感到很兴奋。故选 D。 2. (2018·北京四中期末)The organizer decided to invite Johnny, ______ president of the group, to deliver ______ third speech as his first two were so well received. A.the; the B.a; the C./; a D.the; / 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。句意:组织者决定邀请该组织的主席强尼做再一次演讲,因为他的前两 次演讲很受欢迎。根据句意可知第一空后面的 president 表示职位,而且作 Johnny 的同位 语,故第一空不填;第二空填 a,a + 序数词表示“再一个,又一个”。故选 C。 完成句子 (1)Would you ________ my message ______ your mother? 你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗? (2)He __________ ______ ___________ ______ at the meeting. 他在会上作了重要报告。 (3)She was _____________ ______ a healthy baby. 她生下了一个健康的婴儿。 (4)Education ____________ him ______ ignorance. 教育把他从无知中解救出来。 【答案】(1)deliver;to (2)delivered an important report (3)delivered of (4)delivered from 考点 5.respect vt.尊敬;尊重 n.尊敬;尊重;重视;(pl.)敬意;问候;方面 【归纳拓展】 respectful adj. 恭敬的;尊敬的;尊重人的;有礼貌的 respectable adj. 可敬的;有名望的;高尚的;值得尊敬的 have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重…… in this respect 在这方面 in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面 in respect of 关于……;就……而言 with respect to 至于;关于;就……而言 respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事 【典例 5】 语法填空 1. (2020·天津期末)Lawyers help people and ________(respect) by others. 【答案】are respected 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意:律师帮助人们,同时也被人们尊重。分析句子可知, 此句主语是 lawyers,与动词 respect 之间是被动关系。lawyers 是复数,谓语动词也要用复数, 故填 are respected。 2.(2020·上海市鲁迅中学月考)He is the person everyone _________(respect). 【答案】respects 【解析】句意:他是大家尊敬的人。分析句子可知,空格处作表语,后面是定语从句,所以 空格处是定语从句中的先行词,根据语境,指 the person,其他词并不能作先行词,先行词 在从句中作宾语,关系词 that 可以省略,完整的句子为:He is the person that everyone respects.。故填 respects。 3.(2020·山东滕州市第一中学新校月考)Devoted to medicine, Zhong Nanshan _________ (respect)by all. 【答案】is respected 【解析】句意:致力于医学,钟南山受到大家的尊敬。此处是受人尊敬,故填 is respected。 4.( 2020·黑龙江哈九中期中)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally _________(respect). 【答案】respected 【解析】句意:任何人,不论他是否是一名官员或者是一名公交车司机,都应该平等地受到 尊重。分析句意可知,不论这个人是官员还是一名普通的公交车司机,都应该受到尊重。故 填 respected。 5.( 2020·江苏高三)With the development of the Belt and Road, China will contribute more to the world in respect ________ infrastructure investment. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:随着一带一路的发展,中国将在基础设施投资方面为世 界做出更多贡献。此处 in respect of 关于;在……方面。根据空格后的 infrastructure investment 推断,是指在基础设施投资方面做出更大贡献。故填 of。 6.( 2020·江苏南京师大附中高三)To celebrate Darwin and his idea,National Museum of Natural History in Washington created a special exhibit, showing respect _________ the genius. 【答案】for 【解析】句意:为了颂扬达尔文和他的思想,华盛顿国家自然历史博物馆创办了一个特殊的 展览,对这位天才表达敬意。故填 for 。 7.(2020·上海复旦附中高一月考)The parents attempted to persuade their daughter out of marrying the boy, though motivated but without a handsome pay, a decent car or a _________ (respect)apartment. 【答案】respectable 【解析】句意:父母试图说服女儿不要嫁给那个男孩,尽管他很有志向,但是却没有丰厚的 薪水,像样的汽车或体面的公寓。此处 respectable 意为:体面的。故填 respectable。 【变式】 单项选择 1.( 2017·天津市宝坻区第一中学期中)Some factories don’t _________ the rules to protect the environment. A.appreciate B.regard C.honor D.respect 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一些工厂不遵守保护环境的规则。A. appreciate 欣赏; B. regard 认为;C. honor 尊敬;D. respect 遵守,尊重。根据句意结合选项可知,respect 最 合题意。故选 D。 2.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三期中)In Japan students show great respect _____ their teachers and this is true ____ Germany. A.to; with B.in; to C.for; of D.to; at 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:在日本,学生对他们的老师表现出极大的尊重,德国也是如 此。分析可知,show great respect for sb. 固定结构,意为“对某人表示极大的尊敬”,因此第 一个空选择介词 for。第二个空考查形容词与介词固定结构,be true of 意为“符合于;合乎事 实的”。故选 C 项。 完成句子 (1)He ______ highly ___________ ______ everyone ______ his honesty. 他因诚实而深受大家的尊敬。 (2)They ______ ______ ______ ________ ______ his ability. 他们十分尊重他的才能。 (3)______ ______ __________, we are very fortunate. 在这方面,我们是很幸运的。 【答案】(1)is respected by for (2)have a great respect for (3)In this respect 考点 6.refer to 提到;说到;参考;查阅 【归纳拓展】 reference n. 言及;提及;参考;查阅 refer to 查阅;参考;谈到;指的是 refer to...as...把……称作/看作 in/with reference to=in connection with 关于 without reference to 与……无关,不管 【典例 6】 语法填空 1. (2020·四川省南充高级中学高一月考)On AIDS Day, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems ______(refer) to be paid special attention to. 【答案】referred 【解析】考查过去分词作定语和虚拟语气。句意:在艾滋病日,卫生部部长要求对所提到的 问题给予特别关注。分析句子可知,the problems 和 refer to 是被动关系,用过去分词做后置 定语;因为主句中包含 demand(要求)引导的宾语从句,所以宾语从句的谓语用虚拟语气, (should) do;the problems 和 pay attention to 是被动关系,用(should) be 原形。故填 referred。 2.( 2020·江苏高三)He_______(refer) to the house as his "wonderland”,where he would spend hours daydreaming as a child. 【答案】refers 【解析】句意:他把他的房子称作是童话里仙境,因为他小时候会花大量时间做白日梦,根 据…to…as 的结构提示,这里用 refer“把……称作”。故填 refers。 3.(2020·上海课时练习)If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can refer ________ the right-hand column of page 200 of this dictionary . 【答案】to 【解析】句意:如果你不知道这个词的意思,你可以查阅这本词典第 200 页的右栏。此处 refer to 查阅。根据后文 the right-hand column of page 200 of this dictionary 可知是“查阅(refer to)” 这本词典第 200 页的右栏。故填 to。 4.The booklet is very practical and handy for _______(refer). 【答案】reference 【解析】句意:这本小册子非常实用,便于参考。介词 for 后用名词形式。根据 handy for reference 可知,这本小册子便于参考,说明这本小册子是非常实用的。故填 reference。 5.(北京师大附中期中)“Aren’t you in the Crack House Quartet?” a guy in a Hillary Clinton mask asked me, ___________(refer) to some hard-core band that Adam loved and I hated. 【答案】referring 【解析】句意:“你不是快克之家四重奏的成员吗?“一个戴着希拉里·克林顿面具的人问我, 他指的是亚当喜欢而我讨厌的某个硬核乐队。此处 referring to 指的是。根据“some hard-core band that Adam loved and I hated.”可知,此处表示“指的是”,故填 referring。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)Don’t ______ your notes too often when you give a speech, or you will leave a poor impression on the audience. A.stick to B.refer to C.get to D.point to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意:演讲时不要太频繁地参考笔记,否则会给听众留下不好 的印象。A. stick to 坚持;B. refer to 参考;提及;C. get to 到达;D. point to 指向。结合句意, 之后宾语为 notes(笔记),应与动词 refer to 搭配使用。故选 B 项。 2.(2019·江苏高三期中)—The governor made only a passing ________ to the problem of unemployment. —Yes, he mentioned it quickly. A.difference B.reference C.opposition D.adaptation 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:——这位州长只是快速地提了一下失业的问题。——是 的,他只是快速地提及了一下。A. difference 不同;B. reference 谈及;C. opposition 反对; D. adaptation 适应。根据回答 he mentioned it quickly.可知,这里指快速提及。故选 B 项。 3.( 2020·天津市和平区教育局高三期末)When I said that someone didn’t work hard in our class, I was not _____ you. A.picking out B.referring to C.taking out D.sticking to 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意: 当我说我们班里有人不努力学习时,我指的不是你。A. picking out 挑选;B. referring to 指的是;C. taking out 取出,得到;D. sticking to 坚持,根据 句意,B 项符合题意。故选 B 项。 完成句子 (1)In his speech, he didn’t ______ ______ ______ _________ at all. 在他的演讲中,他丝毫未触及那个问题。 (2)If you have any questions, ______ ______ ______ ____________. 如果你有什么问题,请参阅指南。 (3)When I said some people are stupid I wasn’t ___________ ______ ______. 当我说很多人很愚蠢的时候,我并不是指你。 【答案】(1)refer to the problem(2)refer to the guidebook(3)referring to you 考点 7.carry on 继续;经营;进行(生意、谈话等) 【归纳拓展】 carry on with+sth. doing sth.继续做某事(相当于 go on with) carry off 赢得,获得(奖品、荣誉等) carry out 实行,执行,进行,履行(诺言、义务等) 【典例 7】 语法填空 1.( 2020·江西南昌二中期末)The professor opposed to _____ (carry)out the project made a comment on the report. 【答案】carrying 【解析】句意:反对进行这项工程的教授对报告作了评论。固定短语 be opposed to“不赞成, 反对”,to 是介词,后接 doing 形式。故填 carrying。 2.( 2020·江苏高三)___________(carry) many different viruses, wildlife can potentially infect human beings and should be banned for trade. 【答案】Carrying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:野生动物携带许多不同的病毒,可能会感染人类,因此应 该禁止买卖。“携带许多不同的病毒”和“野生动物”之间是主动关系,用现在分词作原因状语。 谓语动词的动作和现在分词的动作之间不存在先后顺序,用现在分词的一般式。故填 Carrying。 3.(2020·江苏高三)Now that you are in charge of the department, you are bound ______(carry) out the plan. 【答案】to carry 【解析】句意:既然你管理这个部门,你就必然要实施这个计划。根据句意可知,此处考查 固定短语 be bound to do sth.“必然要做某事”,故填 to carry。 【变式】 单项选择 (2020·上海课时练习)Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________. A.method B.experiment. C.warning D.effect 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管失败了很多次,他们仍然继续进行实验。A. method 方法;B. experiment 实验;C. warning 警告;D. effect 效果。根据 Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out 可知,此处用“实验”符合句意,故选 B 项。 完成句子 (1)Carry on _________/Go on ______ ______ ______ while I’m away. 我不在的时候你要继续工作。 (2)They decided to ______ ______ in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都继续。 (3)It is difficult to ______ ______ ______ _____________ with a great noise around us. 在周围很吵闹的环境下进行谈话是很困难的。 (4)Jane _________ ______ all the prizes.简赢得了全部奖品。 (5)Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly __________ ______. 决定一旦形成,就必须坚决执行。 (6)He has failed to ______ ______ ______ _________. 他没有履行诺言。 【答案】(1)working ; with your work(2)carry on(3)carry on a conversation (4)carried off(5)carried out(6)carry out his promise 考点 3.look down upon/on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起 【归纳拓展】 look about 四下环顾,四处寻找 look after 照顾;照料;目送;寻求 look for 寻找;期待 look forward to 盼望 look on 观看;面向;旁观 look over 从……上面看过去;察看 look round 掉头看;环顾,观光 look through 透过……看去;看穿;审查 look up 向上看;查阅 【典例 8】 语法填空 1.(江苏海安高级中学测试)You know that the rich often look down ______ the poor. 【答案】upon 【解析】句意:你知道富人常常瞧不起穷人。此处 look down on 轻视,瞧不起。根据语境, 有钱人“瞧不起”穷人,故填 upon。 2.(惠来县第一中学期末)Don’t look______ on a person only because he has failed in an examination. 【答案】down 【解析】考查 look 短语。此处 look down on 看不起。句意:宾语因为他考试不及格就看不 起这个人。故填 down。 【变式】 单项选择 1.Mr. Smith often tells us not to___________anyone else, even if he or she does not do better than us. A.look forward to B.look down upon C.look back on D.look out for 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:史密斯先生经常告诉我们不要看不起别人,即使他/她 做得不如我们好。look down upon/on"蔑视;瞧不起",符合题意。look forward to 期望, 期待;look back on 回忆起;look out for 小心,留心。 2.(广东金山中学期末)John as well as the other children who no parents down on in the school. A.has; is looking B.have; are looking C.have; is being looked D.have; are being looked . 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:约翰和其他没有孩子的父母在村子里被照顾的很好。who 引导的是定语从句,根据句意,应该做 children 的定语,所以定语从句的谓语动词用复数 have. 第二个横线处要填的是主句的谓语动词。主句的主语是 John as well as the other children,谓语 和 John 一致,是单数,所以谓语动用单数。这里要用被动语态。所以选 C。 完成句子 (1)You mustn't ______ ______ ______ the disabled.你决不能瞧不起残疾人。 (2)Women used to ______ ________ ______ ______.过去妇女受歧视。 【答案】(1)look down upon (2)be looked down upon 考点 9. come across(尤指偶然)遇到;发现;想到;越过;产生效果 【归纳拓展】 表示“偶然遇见”意思的常见短语还有:meet with, happen to meet, chance to meet, meet...by chance/accident, run across, run into。 【典例 9】 语法填空 1.(上海市川沙中学期中)What a coincidence! I _______(come)across my elementary school deskmate when I was enjoying myself in the Disneyland the other day. 【答案】came 【解析】考查时态。句意:真是一个巧合!前几天我在迪斯尼乐园玩得很开心的时候,偶然 遇到了我的小学同桌。根据 the other day“几天前的某一天”,可知句子用一般过去时态,故 填 came。 2.(福建高三)When reading English novels, I often come idiomatic expressions that I can't understand. 【答案】across 【解析】此处 come across 偶然遇见。句意:当读到英文小说时,我经常会遇到一些我不能 理解的成语似得短语。根据句意,故填 across。 【变式】 单项选择 1.--Where did you ______ our English teacher? --It was in the supermarket ______ I bought moon cakes. A.come to, where B.come across, that C.come across, where D.come to, that 【答案】C 【解析】句意:--你在哪里遇到的我们的英语老师?--在我买月饼的超市。come across 遇见; come to 想起,共计。这里是强调句型,空格处是 where 引导的定语从句,该句完整的是 It was in the supermarket where I bought moon cakes that I came across our English teacher.故选 C。 2. Where was it ______ you _______ our maths teacher? A.where; came to B.that; come across C.that; came across D.where;come to 【答案】C 【解析】考察强调句型和动词短语。第一空的 that 与 it was 构成强调句型。Come across 遇 见。结合句意可知 C 正确。句意:你究竟是在哪里遇见我们的数学老师的? 完成句子 (1)I ______ ______ him in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上碰到了他。 (2)She suddenly ______ ______ an idea. 她突然有了个主意。 (3)He ______ ______ the hall into the room. 他穿过大厅走进房间。 【答案】(1)came across(2)came across(3)came across 【考点精析】 经典句型剖析 考点 1 once conj.“一……就……;一旦……就……” 【教材原句】Once I stop,it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下来,所有的一切都会涌上心头,我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。 【句法分析】once conj.“一……就……;一旦……就……”,常用现在时来表示将要发生 的动作。 如果 once 引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中的谓语动词含有 be 动词的某种形 式时,或从句为“it be...”形式时,从句中的“主语+be”或“it be”可以省略。 【例句研读】 (1) The water is fine once you're in! 你一旦下了水,就会觉得水里挺舒适的。 (2) Once I make a decision,there will be no going back.我一经决定,不再回头。 【典例 1】 单项选择 1.(福建省高考真题)You will be successful in the interview ______ you have confidence. A.before B.once C.until D.though 【答案】B 【解析】考查连词。句意:一旦你有了自信你就会在面试中成功。A. before 之前;B. once 一旦;C. until 直到;D. though 虽然。分析句子可知,一旦你有了自信你就会在面试中成功。 所以本句为 once 引导的条件状语从句。故选 B 项。 2.( 2019·黑龙江省鹤岗一中高三月考) talking with him, you’ll find him an easy-going man. A.Once B.Unless C.Until D.Before 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词。句意: 一旦与他交流, 你就会发现他是一个随和的人。once 意为“一旦”, 符合题意, 此句补充完整为: Once you are talking with him, you’ll find him an easy-going man。 Once 一旦,unless 除非, until 直到…,before 在…之前。根据语境得知故选 A。 3.(2019·天津高三二模)______________ you are aware of the trick used in advertisements, I don't think you are eager to buy. A.Whether B.Until C.Though D.Once 【答案】D 【解析】考查状语从句连词的选择。Whether 是否, until 直到, though 尽管 once 一旦 , 句意:为一旦你意识到了广告中使用的伎俩,我认为你就不会急切地区买东西了。 4.(北京高三一模) you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier. A.Unless B.Although C.Before D.Once 【答案】D 【解析】句意:一旦你开始更健康的饮食,控制体重就会变得容易得多。unless 除非;although 尽管;before 在……之前;once 一旦。unless 相当于 if not,引导条件状语从句;although 引导让步状语从句,不能和 but 连用;before 引导时间状语从句;once 引导具有条件意味的 时间状语从句。根据语境和词义可知选 D。 5.( ·陕西省高考真题)I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else. A.though B.as if C.once D.so that 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词。句意:我相信一旦你了解这里的每个人,你将玩得很愉快。though 虽然; as if 好像;once 一旦;so that 为了。前后是条件关系,故选 C。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) 一旦出版,这部小说就会非常畅销。 _______________________,the novel will be very popular. (2) 一旦开始,很难放弃。 ________________,it is hard to give it up. 【答案】(1) Once (it is) published (2) Once begun 考点 2 it hit me...是一个习惯用语,意为“我突然想到(起)……” 【教材原句】Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难。 【句法分析】本句中 it hit me...是一个习惯用语,意为“我突然想到(起)……”。hit 意为 “使……突然想到;偶然发现,找到”。 【拓展归纳】 It occurs to sb. that...(某人)突然想到…… It strikes sb. that...(某人)突然想到…… 【例句研读】 (1)It hit/occurred to/struck him that he should give her a hand in time. 他突然想到他应该及时给她帮助。 (2)It didn't hit/occur_to/strike him that she would refuse his invitation. 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。 【典例 2】 完成句子 我突然想到了我应该向老师求助。 Suddenly ________________________ I should turn to my teacher for help. 【答案】it hit/occurred to/struck me that 考点 3 Only 置于句首的倒装句 【教材原句】Only_after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 【句法分析】 (1)only 在句首修饰做状语的副词或介词短语时,句子要倒装。 (2)only 在句首修饰状语从句时,主句要用倒装语序,从句不用倒装语序。 (3)only 在句首修饰句子的主语时,不用倒装语序。学科&网 【例句研读】 (1) Only then did I realize the importance of communication.只有到那时我才意识到交流的 重要性。 (2) Only in this way can we improve our English.只有以这种方法,我们才能提高英语水 平。 (3) Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army.只有当你年满十八周岁后,你才 能参军。 (4) Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。 【典例 3】 (1)______a mobile phone can you ring ______ you want to talk with anywhere. A.Using; whoever B.Only on; whomever C.Only by; whatever D.With; anyone 【答案】B (2)Only by following this method ______. A.we can study English well B.can we be able to study English well C.can we study English well D.study English well can we 【答案】C 【解析】only 引导的状语提前,句子要倒装。B 项中的 can 不能与 be able to 连用。考点 4 话题写作——人物介绍(写人记事)( 人与自我 ) 【典例 4】 【2020·全国新课标 I】你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写 一篇短文参赛,内容包括: 1. 人物简介; 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意: 1. 词数 100 左右; 2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 【参考范文】The person I respect We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. As for me, my father is the person I respect most. My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much. He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students. So, in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文 参赛。 第一步:审题 体裁:应用文。 时态:根据提示,时态应为一般现在时。 结构:总分法。 要求: 1.人物简介: 2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 第二步:列提纲(重点短语) As for me;spare some time;listen to me patiently; 第三步:连词成句 1.As for me, my father is the person I respect mostly. 2.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. 3.My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. 根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步:连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序:介绍人物;阐述原因 2.表示并列补充关系:As for; and; but; So 第五步:润色修改 【点睛】 范文内容完整,要点全面,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当,上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关 系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式,如定语从句:My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much;非谓语动词:He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students;时间状语从句:When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely…等。文章思路清晰, 层次分明,上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。 【变式】 1. (2020·进贤县第一中学月考)在你成长过程中一定有一些对你有帮助,对你很重要的 人.假如你是李华,请你用英语写一篇短文给校刊投稿. 内容包括: 1.对你很重要的人是谁 2.对你很重要的原因 3.你想如何回报他(她)。 注意:词数不少于 100(文章开头已给出,不计入字数). On the journey of my growth, there are many people who have cared about me and helped me when I'm in trouble. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 On the journey of my growth, there are many people who have cared about me and helped me when I'm in trouble. Among them, the most important one is my grandma. In my early years, my parents left home because of their work. Therefore, I lived with my grandma until eleven years old. Besides taking care of my life, she also taught me a lot of useful knowledge which will contribute to my success in life. She is a Chinese teacher. Owing to her help my writing skill is better than most students in my class.I really feel proud of my grandma. It was my grandma who gave me a happy and rich childhood.As I am growing up, I feel so grateful to her that I will live up to her expectations. Besides,I will certainly set aside as much time as possible to keep her company so that she will not feel lonely. I wish my grandma would live a happy old﹣age life.(140 words) 【解析】 这篇书面表达属于话题类写作。 第 1 步:根据提示可知,在你成长过程中一定有一些对你有帮助,对你很重要的人.假如你 是李华,请你用英语写一篇短文给校刊投稿。人称为第一人称,时态应为一般现在时。 第 2 步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:because of 因为,take care of 照顾,contribute to 促成,Owing to 由于,proud of 为……而感到骄傲,grow up 长大,grateful 感谢的,live up to 不辜负,set aside 留出。 第 3 步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如:Besides taking care of my life, she also taught me a lot of useful knowledge which will contribute to my success in life.定语从句的运用;It was my grandma who gave me a happy and rich childhood.强调句的运用。本文内容完整,语言规范, 语篇连贯,词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力, 文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。 2. 2019·福建省厦门市高三第一学期期末】你校英语报拟开展“我最敬佩的改革先锋”征文活 动。请从下面四幅图中任选一位,撰稿应征。 Yuan Longping Lang Ping Ma Yun Tu Youyou Father of Hybrid Rice Coach of China women’s volleyball team Chinese business magnate Chemist discovering artemisinin to treat malaria 1.最敬佩的人物及理由; 2.该人物对你的影响。 注意:1.词数 100 左右; 2.可以根据所提供的要点进行适当发挥。 【参考范文】 I think an admirable reform pioneer should not only make great achievements himself, but also make an impact on the lives of others and even make contributions to the whole mankind. Tu youyou is such a person who I admire most. Tu youyou was admitted into Beijing University in 1951, majoring in making medicine. After graduation, she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 1972, she succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria across the globe, for which she won many big awards. To our excitement and delight, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine on October 5th, 2015, becoming the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize. Although she has gained such great achievements, Tu remains modest and prudent. We should learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.116 【解析】 1.文章体裁:记叙文。 2.行文逻辑:介绍人物→喜欢原因→个人看法。 3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如: modest and prudent (谦虚谨慎),be admitted into (被……录取), succeed in doing sth (成功做某事), to our excitement and delight (使我们感到兴 奋和高兴的是);learn from (向……学习);devote oneself to (把一生都奉献给……)等。 4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①定语从句: for which she won many big awards;② 现在分词短语作状语: majoring in making medicine;③状语从句: Although she has gained such great achievements;④并列句: not only make great achievements himself, but also make an impact on the lives of others and even make contributions to the whole mankind 等。 5.请从下列人物中选择你最喜欢的一位,用英语写一篇短文。要求根据所给信息做适当发挥, 且需包括以下三部分内容:1.对该人物的简单介绍; 2.喜欢该人物的理由; 3.从该人物身上得 到的启示。