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2019届二轮复习语法专题
定语从句
知识结构
☆基本概念
☆定语:用于修饰、限制名词、代词或先当于名词的短语或句子
的成分。在中文中,定语一般放在所修饰的名词或代词之前;而
在英文中则不同:单纯的形容词、分词作定语时,放在所修饰词
之前;副词、分词短语和从句作定语时,要放在所修饰词之后。
例如:
那个子高大聪明清秀的男孩是李小明的弟弟。
That tall bright smart boy is Li Ming's brother.
孩子们读喜欢读有图片的书
Children all like to read the books which have picture.
你能回答下面的问题吗?
Can you answer these questions bellow?
一个看到样姿同势的人认为它的意思是钱。
A person seeing the same gesture will think it means
money.
以为来访的朋友一脸上被吻一下作为问好。
A visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the cheek.
定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的从句
☆定语从句 A 限制性定语从句 B非限制性定语从句
定语从句={先行词+关系词+从句}
☆关系词:A关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which
B关系副词 when, where, why =(介词+关系代词 )
☆ 限制性定语从句是修饰、限制先行词的从句。
☆非限制性定语从句是对先行词、句子的部分或整个句子起修饰、
限制或补充说明的,从句和主句用逗号的开。
☆ 在限制性定语从句作宾语的关系代词可以省略,但非限制新定
语从句则不能省。 例如:
All the books that have pictures have been sent to
them.
All the books ,which have pictures ,have been sent to
them.
He has a brother who is a doctor.
He has a brother ,who is a doctor.
The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith
Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures
关系代词 的用法
★ Who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boy who is standing there is my cousin.
★whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语(可省)。
The man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith
The boy (whom) you’re looking for is hidden behind the tree.
★ Whose(=of whom+the+n the+n whom; of which+n, the+n+of which)
指人或指物,作定语。
Do you know the boy whose father (the father of whom/ of whom
the father) is an engineer.
He lives in a house whose windows (the window of which/ of
which the window) faces south.
★ that 指人或指物,作主语、宾语(可省)
I don’t know about the man (that) you mentioned.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
★which 指物,作主语、宾语(可省)
The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.
Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures
关系副词的用法
☆when (=in/on/at+ which)修饰表示时间的名词,在
定从句中作状语。
I’ll never forget the day when (on which ) I
joined the Party.
☆ where (=in/on/at+ which)修饰表示地点的名词,在
定从句中作状语。
The factory where (in which) my father works is in
the east of the city.
☆ why (=for+ which )修饰表示原因(reason)的名词,
在定从句中作状语。
None of us know the reason why ( for which) Tom
was absent from the meeting.
先行词指人时,关系代词用who,而不用that:
☆ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时,宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
☆ 先行词是those时,宜用who。
Those who want to see the film sign up here.
☆当先行词有较长的后置定语且定语为物时,宜用who。
I met a foreign student from Beijing University who could ask me
question in Chinese.
☆ 当一个句子中带有两个定语从句时,其中一个从句的关系代词用that,
另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met at school gate yesterday morning is our
monitor who studies very hard.
☆在there be 开头的句子中。
There are many young men who are against the plan.
当先行词是物时,在下列情况中,关系代
词只用that,而不用which。(1)
☆ 当先行词是不定代词 all, little, much, something, everything,
anything, nothing, none, the one时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
☆当先行词前面用only, any, few, little, no, all, very等修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
The only thing that you can do is to give you some money.
☆当先行词是形容词最高级或它前面有形容词最高级时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen?
☆ 当先行词是序数词时或前面有一个序数词时。
The train is the last that will go to the Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen?
当先行词是物时,在下列情况中,关系代
词只用that,而不用which。(2)
☆ 当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
☆ 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
☆ 又两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用
that。
They built up a small factory which produced things that could
cause pollution.
☆ 先行词在句子中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
关系代词which与as引导非限制定语从句的区别:
☆关系代词which和as都可以引导定语从句用于指代前面
整句的内容。
☆ as引导定语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
意思是“正如……”后面的动词多是see, know,
expect, say, mention, report, announce等。
As is known to all, Edison invited the
telephone.= Edison invited the telephone,
as is known to all
☆ which引导定语从句,只能放在句尾,意思是“这一
点 ……”。
He turned out to be very successful, which was
more than we could expect .
• 谢谢指导